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Be more specific and write out all the versions I listed above.
The answer should be logical and detailed.
In addition, the knowledge involved in the above version is also better written! !
Questioner: mssj050426
Respondent: Xiao Ya _ Gege-Qianzong Level 4 3-28 23:3 1
VPX-New Generation Bus Standard
VPX (VITA46): On the basis of VME system, the switch interconnection structure is added, which is a new generation bus product of military reinforcement system. The standard retains the existing 6U and 3U specifications, supports PMC and XMC daughter cards, and retains the compatibility with VME system to the maximum extent. GEFanuc brings the VPX standard to the market, which can provide users with the widest selection of VPX products: including Intel, PowerPC architecture processor board, graphics card, disk card, switchboard, and even systems based on VPX bus.
Typical products and applications: SBC 340-magic 1 vpx graphic system controller. SBC340 is equipped with 2.0 GHz telcorudo processor and supports up to 4GBDDR2SDRAM. There are two versions: air-cooled and cold-guided. Please visit: /products/2 1 1 for details.
VME bus-universal European card
VME bus, Versamodel Eurocard is the first generation of 32-bit industrial open standard bus introduced by Motorola in 198 1. Its main feature is that the signal line of VME bus imitates the signal line of 68000 series single chip microcomputer produced by Motorola, and it is accepted as a standard by IEEE because of its wide application. That is, IEEE1014-1987, and its standard document is vmebus specification rev c. 1. Generally, the patch panel of VME bus has two sizes, one is 3U high with bus interface J 1, and its height * length is 100mm* 160mm, and the other is 6U high with two bus interfaces J 1 and J2, and its height * length is 230. Generally, the interfaces J 1 and J2 on the plug-in board of each VME bus have 96 pins, and each interface has three rows, arranged according to A, B and C, with 32 pins in each row. J 1 is generally used to directly connect VME bus, the middle column of J2 is used to expand address bus or data bus, and the other two columns can be customized by users and peripherals such as I/O and disk drive. Therefore, VME bus reserves signal pins for future application expansion, which is also the reason why VME bus can be flexibly upgraded in the future.
Introduction to CPCI
Compact PCI (Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect), also called Compact PCI in Chinese, is a bus interface standard proposed by PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG) in 1994. It is a high-performance industrial bus based on PCI electrical specification. CPCI's CPU and peripherals are the same as standard PCI, and CPCI system uses the same chip, firewall and related software as traditional PCI system. Fundamentally, they are consistent, so the operating system, drivers and applications can't feel the difference between them. It is almost unnecessary to redesign a standard PCI card into a CPCI card as long as it is physically redistributed. In order to apply the PCI bus specification of PCI SIG to industrial control computer systems, in June 1995 1 1.0, the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Association (PICMIG) issued the CPCI specification 1.0, and then successively introduced the PCI-PCI bridge specification, computer telephone TDM specification and user-defined I/O. In short, CPCI bus = electrical specification of PCI bus+standard pinhole connector (IEC-/KOOC-0/076-4-/KOOC-0/0/)+European card specification (IEC 297/IEEE/KOOC-0/0/KOOC-0//KOOC-).
The appearance of CPCI not only makes many PC-based technologies and mature products such as CPU and hard disk continue to be applied, but also makes servers and industrial computers with CPCI technology have the advantages of high reliability and high density due to the significant improvement of interfaces. CPCI is a high-performance industrial bus developed based on PCI electrical specification, which is suitable for the design of 3U and 6U height circuit boards. The CPCI circuit board is inserted into the cabinet from the front, and the outlet of I/O data can be the interface on the front panel of the cabinet or the interface on the back panel. Its appearance has solved the thorny problems faced by telecom system engineers and equipment manufacturers for many years, such as the incompatibility between traditional telecom equipment bus VME(Versa Module Euro card) and industrial standard PCI (peripheral component interconnect).
Second, the characteristics of CPCI
CPCI technology is modified on the basis of PCI technology, which has three aspects:
First, continue to adopt PCI local bus technology;
Second, the traditional mechanical structure of IPC is abandoned and replaced by the highly reliable OCA structure which has been tested in practice for 20 years, which improves the heat dissipation conditions, improves the vibration and impact resistance and meets the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility;
Thirdly, the golden finger interconnection mode of IPC is abandoned, and the pinhole connector with 2mm density is used instead, which has air tightness and corrosion resistance, further improving the reliability and increasing the load capacity.
CPCI has the characteristics of hot swap, high openness and high reliability. The most prominent and attractive feature of CPCI technology is hot plug. In short, it is the technology of pulling out or inserting the function template under the condition of uninterrupted power supply of the running system and without destroying the normal work of the system. Hot plug has always been the requirement of telecom applications, and is also expected by every industrial automation system. Its realization is as follows: three pins with different lengths are used in the structure, so that when inserting or pulling out the template, the power supply and grounding, PCI bus signal and hot plug start signal are carried out in turn; Adopt bus isolation device and power supply soft start; In software, the operating system should have plug-and-play function. At present, the hot plug technology of CPCI bus is developing from basic hot plug technology to high availability.
The CPCI standard has various advantages. It is fully compatible with the traditional desktop PCI system, and can provide bandwidth up to 5 12MB per second under the 64-bit /66M bus interface. It supports the same interface chip used on desktop PC and workstation. Using CPCI, the whole application developed on the desktop workstation can be utilized and moved to the target environment without any changes, which greatly improves the time to market of the product. Using CPCI technology, telecom equipment OEM can use the same advanced technology as desktop application system, and also has the characteristics of economies of scale and low cost brought by a large number of PCI chips designed for desktop system. Its product cost is often lower than VME products with the same function, but only slightly higher than IPC products.
Since the formulation of CPCI specification, it has gone through several versions. The CPCI technical framework of the latest PICMG 3.0 specification is on a more open and standard platform, which is beneficial for all kinds of system integrators and equipment suppliers to provide more convenient and fast value-added services and provide users with more cost-effective products and solutions. PICMG 3.0 standard is a brand-new technology, which is completely different from PICMG 2.x, especially in terms of speed. Compared with PICMG 2.x, the speed of PICMG 3.0 can reach 2Tb per second. PICMG 3.0 will be mainly used for high-bandwidth telecommunication transmission to adapt to the future development of telecommunications, while PICMG 2.x is still the mainstream of CPCI and will dominate the application of CPCI for a long time.
Third, the application of CPCI
With its high openness, high reliability and hot swap, CPCI can be widely used not only in communication, network, computer telephone, but also in real-time machine control, industrial automation, real-time data acquisition, military system and other modular, high-reliability and long-term application fields that require high-speed calculation, intelligent transportation, aerospace, medical equipment, water conservancy and so on. Because of its high bandwidth, CPCI is also suitable for some high-speed data communication applications, including servers, routers, switches and so on.
AdvancedMCTM specification provides a standard-based structure for mezzanine card power management subsystem of next generation communication equipment. Subsystem problems, such as hot plugging and providing multipoint load voltage in a single system environment with limited size, make mezzanine card system designers face unique power management challenges.
Mike Stapleton, director of analog computing products of Anson Semiconductor, said: "The power management requirements of specific mezzanine cards are different, so that the industry has diversified requirements for point loads. With our diverse and feature-rich product line, Anson Semiconductor has developed a series of AdvanceMC(tm) compliant solutions to provide the required power performance and design flexibility to meet customer-specific point load parameters. "
Solution series
Hot plug protection: Anson Semiconductor AdvancedMC(tm) solution series includes NIS5 102 SMART HotPlugTM high-end hot plug protection integrated circuit, built-in charge pump and accurate temperature detection circuit. The device is specially designed for computing and telecom applications, and integrates power MOSFET, control circuit and thermal protection. This integration method simplifies the design of basic hot plug protection in common+12V systems, and is an ideal choice for distributed power systems, servers, disk arrays and switchboard plug-ins applications.
DC-DC controller: customers have various point load requirements when selecting processors, DSP, memory, ASIC, FPGA and other components. The DC-DC controller of Anson Semiconductor provides designers with various component characteristics to meet the design requirements of different distributed power supply structures.
ADI products in this comprehensive AdvancedMC(tm) solution include:
-NCP5425 dual-channel synchronous buck controller with built-in gate driver can provide two independent outputs or one high-current output. The controller is versatile and can provide an adjustable switching frequency of up to 750 kHz and a reference voltage of+1%0.8 V.
-NCP 1580 low-voltage synchronous buck controller provides 1.5 amp (a) floating gate driver design to drive N-channel MOSFET in synchronous configuration. The controller has a fixed 350 kHz oscillator and soft start function, and can generate an output voltage as low as 0.8 V.
-NCP52 10 PWM dual-channel buck and linear DDR2 power controller, including two synchronous pulse width modulation (PWM) buck controllers, used to drive four N-channel MOSFET to form DDR memory power supply voltage (VDDQ) and memory control jack (MCH) regulators.
discrete component
Each mezzanine card power management subsystem needs different MOSFET, diode, rectifier and transistor to complete the design of control circuit and realize specific load point voltage. Anson Semiconductor has a wide and well-known product line of discrete components, which can meet this demand. Customers only need to cooperate with a supplier of Anson Semiconductor to solve the above problems, which greatly improves the convenience of procurement and supply.
The+12 V power management solution series of AdvancedMC(tm) card complements the -48 V power management solution provided by Anson Semiconductor for the entire AdvancedTCA(tm) infrastructure, including standard cards, carrier cards and mezzanine cards.
PMC is the abbreviation of English "Portable Media Center", namely "Portable Media Center". Microsoft unified the hardware specifications of PMC, the CPU adopted XScale provided by Intel, and the overall software framework was Microsoft's "Windows Portable Media Center" operating system. It seems that the WIN-TEL camp will once again enter the portable media market and create a standard for portable media players. The overall architecture of PMC is open, and the application software can be extended on the basis of the operating system.
First, the concept of PMC
Like STB and Table PC, PMC developed by Microsoft is a digital portable electronic device, which mainly corresponds to multimedia applications, allowing users to obtain all digital entertainment contents (movies, recorded TV programs, music and pictures) through a PC based on Windows XP, and then take them with them to enjoy anytime and anywhere. Microsoft has long been aware of users' demand for digital entertainment, and consumer electronic products will be one of the biggest markets before the 20th century 10. In order not to miss the opportunity, it always takes the lead in setting standards, so we will see many familiar shadows in PMC. Microsoft's standard Windows PMC has a large LCD panel, and the media types that can be played include still pictures such as JPEG and TIFF, MP3 and WMA audio formats, and WMV animation formats. The PMCs of Sony, Toshiba, Sharp, Fujitsu, NEC and other manufacturers are slightly different (also called PMP), and their functions may increase or decrease, but they all have the ability to "watch with you".
Second, components
operating system
The PMC platform is designed according to the hardware of Microsoft Windows CE and Intel Portable Multimedia Player, and its growth potential largely depends on portability, price, storage reliability and size. Of course, some manufacturers may not follow Microsoft's rules, such as giving up Windows and adopting Linux operating system Lindows, which not only expands the support platform of products, but also does not need to pay a lot of licensing fees. Today, when the price is very sensitive, it is naturally a commercial taboo to pay the licensing fee for new equipment.
software function
Based on Windows CE. NET, PMC uses Windows Mobile software specially provided for portable media centers, so that users can realize familiar, powerful and high-quality multimedia functions on mobile devices. The main functions and features are:
-Windows Media 9 technology: Recently, specially optimized multimedia codecs Windows Media Audio 9, Windows Media Video 9 and MP3 Windows DRM (Digital Rights Management) have been launched;
-Microsoft DirectX 8 technology, including Direct3D, DirectDraw, DirectSound and DirectShow；;
-Rich built-in driver support, USB 2.0
-Instant start and advanced power management functions;
-Real-time and preemptive multitasking kernel architecture;
-Rich graphical and user interface subsystems.
rescue
PMC allows users to access multimedia conveniently and quickly from personal computers, which is impossible without mass storage. PMC, which emphasizes portability, has special requirements for storage media, such as small floor space, large capacity, high integration, good reliability and excellent performance. At present, PMC has two possible storage media. One is the traditional flash memory, but the cost of flash memory is too high, and the limit capacity is about 5 12MB- 1GB. If the capacity is increased, the burden on consumers will be too heavy. Second, use a small hard disk, such as Hitachi's 1.8 inch Travelstar C4K40, with a capacity of 40GB, and you can browse movies, such as recording and broadcasting TV programs, as long as 175 hours; Or store 654.38+ten thousand photos; Or allow users to shoot for a long time; Or listen to 10000 songs. Don't think that these hard drives are small and slow. 4200 rpm, 7. 1ms delay time performance can meet the requirements of notebook computers. They are also compatible with ATA-5 specification (ATA 100), and the data transmission speed is as high as 29.9 MB/ s, which can catch up with low-end desktops.
Media computing
Maybe you are worried about the computing power of PMC. The practice of PDA and mobile phone proves that the Intel XScale processor with high performance and low power consumption can completely cope with these media operations and bring high-speed information processing and rich audio-visual experience to end users. After all, this is only a media center, not a 3D game center, so there is no need to consider a higher level of 3D processing, and the pressure on the CPU will be reduced a lot.
Third, the main functions of PMC
Basically equal to the simplified media version of desktop PC and PDA, it is also a small computer. Therefore, using intelligent synchronization technology, any version of WinXP entertainment content can be easily and automatically transmitted to PMC.
listen to music
The built-in Windows Media Player supports WMA, MP3 and other standard formats, and is also compatible with ID3 and other song logos. It can be said that PMC is an evolutionary version of MP3, and it is also a development direction of color screen MP3.
see a movie
The media player can play popular movie formats, not only video or DV movies, but also compressed online movies, which can be displayed smoothly on the screen. PMC with video output can also output movies to TV as another playback device after VCD and DVD.
Look at this picture.
After the popularization of high-pixel digital cameras, no matter how big the flash memory card is, it is not enough. The mass storage of PMC can conveniently store a large number of photos. As an electronic photo album, it can not only save the cost of developing photos, but also carry them with you and output them to the screen or TV at any time, so that friends can see your beautiful images together.
network
Now is the era of global networking. Of course, Microsoft will not let PMC fall behind. After networking, you can browse or download the e-book to realize the function. I don't know if I will add WiFi wireless LAN or CDMA wireless WAN in the future.
personal digital assistant (PDA)
With such strong multimedia processing ability, PMC is naturally better than Zhuo Zhuo in running personal affairs management programs, and it is also good to regard it as the simplest PDA.
Fourth, specific products.
The three most important points of PMC are audio, video and pictures. As long as these three points are met, it is called PMC. Everyone must see it clearly.
See/view/view15073.htm for more PMC.