1. Is pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus a notifiable infectious disease?
Yes. According to Article 3 of the "Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases", the health administrative department of the State Council may decide to increase, reduce or adjust the categories of Class B and Class C infectious diseases based on the outbreak, prevalence and degree of harm of infectious diseases and announce them. After the outbreak of pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus, based on the current understanding of the etiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics and other characteristics of pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus, it was submitted to the State Council for approval. On January 20, 2020, the National Health Commission issued Announcement No. 1 of 2020 clarifies that pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus will be included in the Class B infectious diseases managed under the "Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Law", and prevention and control measures for Class A infectious diseases will be adopted; pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus will be included The "Frontier Health and Quarantine Law" stipulates the management of quarantine infectious diseases. Therefore, pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus is a notifiable infectious disease.
2. How to determine whether you are a close contact of a pneumonia case infected by the new coronavirus?
On January 28, 2020, the National Health Commission issued the "Novel Coronavirus Infection" "Management Plan for Close Contacts of Pneumonia Cases", which clearly defines the criteria for determining close contacts of new coronavirus-infected pneumonia cases.
Close contacts refer to those who have had one of the following contact situations with suspected cases, confirmed cases, mild cases after the onset of the disease, or after the asymptomatic infection test was positive, but did not take effective protection:
1. ***People who live, study, work, or have other close contact with each other, such as working in close proximity or ***using the same classroom or living in the same house;
2 .Medical staff, family members or other persons who have similar close contact with patients, such as visiting or staying in a closed environment, other patients in the same ward and their accompanying persons;
3 .Persons who take the same vehicle and have close contact with them, including caregivers, companions on the vehicle, or other passengers and crew who are found to be in close contact with cases and infected persons after investigation and evaluation;
4. After the on-site investigators conducted an investigation, they were assessed to be suitable for other people who were in contact with close contacts. Therefore, to determine whether they are close contacts of a new coronavirus infection pneumonia case, they can be analyzed based on the above situation.
3. What should you do if you are a close contact of a pneumonia case infected by the new coronavirus?
The "Management Plan for Close Contacts of a Pneumonia Case infected by the new coronavirus" is in order to do a good job Determine and manage close contacts of pneumonia cases infected with the new coronavirus to effectively control the spread of the disease. Clear management requirements have been formulated for close contacts of pneumonia cases infected with the new coronavirus. Close contacts of pneumonia cases infected with the new coronavirus should actively accept their own management by the health administrative department. The requirements for contact management are as follows: local health administration departments, together with relevant departments, organize and implement medical observation of close contacts. Those who refuse to comply may be assisted by local public security organs in taking compulsory isolation measures.
1. When conducting medical observation, the reason, duration, legal basis, precautions and disease-related knowledge of the medical observation should be informed in writing or orally, as well as the medical and health institution responsible for the medical observation and its contact information. ;
2. Close contacts are generally quarantined at home for medical observation. Those who are unable to be quarantined at home for medical observation can be arranged for centralized isolation and observation.
The period of medical observation is 14 days from the last unprotected contact with the case or infected person. If the close contacts of the confirmed case and the infected person test negative during the medical observation period, they still need to continue until the expiration of the observation period. Suspected cases are still under observation. After elimination, their close contacts can be released from medical observation;
3. Subjects under home or centralized medical observation should live relatively independently, minimize contact with people living with them, and prepare a good medical observation location Cleaning and disinfection work must be carried out to avoid cross-infection. For details, please refer to the "Technical Plan for Disinfection of Specific Places". You are not allowed to go out during the observation period. If you must go out, you must obtain approval from the medical observation manager. You must wear a disposable surgical mask and avoid going to crowds. Concentrated places;
4. General contacts other than those who take the same means of transportation such as planes, trains, and ships, and those who live, study, and work in close contact with each other must be informed of health risks and instructed to Once they develop respiratory infection symptoms such as fever, cough, diarrhea, conjunctival congestion and other symptoms, they should seek medical treatment promptly and actively inform their recent activity history. Therefore, if they are close contacts of pneumonia cases infected by the new coronavirus, they should follow the above management plan. method to be dealt with.
4. How to strengthen prevention and control work, and how should units and individuals report pneumonia patients or suspected patients infected with the new coronavirus?
According to the "Shandong Province Public Health Emergency ***" "Health Incident Emergency Plan" was reported to the Shandong Provincial People's Government for study and decision to initiate a Level I response to major public health emergencies. Shandong Province strictly complies with the national requirements for "Class B infectious diseases, adopt Class A management" for pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection, further strengthens organizational leadership, implements prevention and control responsibilities, implements the most stringent scientific prevention and control measures, and immediately investigates, Discover and strictly control the source of infection, block potential transmission routes, and resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic. Achieve "early detection, early reporting, early isolation, early diagnosis, and early treatment", reasonably determine the observation time, and resolutely block the spread of the epidemic. Coordinate the epidemic prevention work of government agencies, enterprises, institutions, schools, migrant workers, etc., study and arrange a series of follow-up work such as returning to work, returning to school, and starting work after the holidays, reduce and stop gatherings of people such as door-to-door gatherings, weddings and funerals, etc., and Disinfection and disinfection measures will be taken in specific places.
For primary and secondary schools, kindergartens and colleges and universities in the province, in accordance with the "Notice on Postponing the School Spring Semester Start Time" jointly issued by the Shandong Provincial Department of Education and the Shandong Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, in order to further prepare for the new coronavirus Prevent and control the pneumonia epidemic caused by the virus, reduce the gathering of people, block the spread of the epidemic, and postpone the start of schools: the start time of ordinary primary and secondary schools and kindergartens will not be earlier than February 17, and the start time of colleges and universities will not be earlier than February 24 day.
For enterprises in the province, according to the "Emergency Notice on Delaying the Resumption of Work of Enterprises in the Province" issued by the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Shandong Province, all types of enterprises in the province should resume operations no earlier than 24:00 on February 9 The resumption of work beforehand is excluded, except for enterprises that are necessary to ensure the operation of public institutions, necessary for epidemic prevention and control, necessary for people's daily lives, and other related enterprises that are important to the national economy and people's livelihood.
For individuals, they should reduce unnecessary contact, pay attention to personal hygiene protection, maintain safe eating habits, proactively implement home isolation and obey the instructions and arrangements of the local government, residents' committees, village committees or affiliated units, and cooperate with the local government. The emergency response measures adopted by the government assist in epidemic prevention and control.
The "Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases" stipulates that when any unit or individual discovers a patient or suspected patient with an infectious disease, it must promptly report to the nearby disease prevention and control agency or medical institution. Therefore, any unit or individual Prevention and control work should be strengthened, and patients or suspected patients with pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus should be reported promptly in accordance with the law.
5. What is the reporting time limit for pneumonia patients or suspected patients infected with the new coronavirus?
On January 28, 2020, the National Health Commission issued the "Novel Coronavirus The "Infected Pneumonia Cases Surveillance Plan" stipulates that when medical institutions at all levels find suspected cases, confirmed cases, mild cases, or asymptomatic infections, they should report directly online within 2 hours. After receiving the report, the disease control agency should immediately investigate and verify the report, and complete the three-level confirmation review of the report information through the online direct reporting system within 2 hours. Medical institutions that do not have the conditions for direct online reporting should immediately report to the local county-level disease control agency and send the completed infectious disease report card within 2 hours; the county-level disease control agency should immediately report to the local county-level disease control agency after receiving the report. Conduct direct reporting online and revise follow-up information.
For the first case confirmed in each county, as well as cluster epidemics that comply with the "Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Cases Surveillance Plan", the district CDC should report through the Public Health Emergency Report Management Information System Report directly online within 2 hours, and the event level can be selected as "Unclassified" first. After the health administrative department grades the event based on the risk assessment results, the event level can be adjusted accordingly.
6. What isolation and prevention measures should be taken promptly when medical care institutions and health and epidemic prevention institutions discover pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus?
The "Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases" stipulates that medical institutions When a Class A infectious disease is discovered, the following measures should be taken promptly:
1. Patients and pathogen carriers should be isolated and treated, and the isolation period shall be determined based on the results of medical examinations;
2. Suspected patients should be isolated and treated in designated places before diagnosis;
3. Patients in medical institutions, pathogen carriers, and close contacts of suspected patients should be medically observed in designated places and take other necessary measures. precautions.
For those who refuse isolation treatment or leave isolation treatment without authorization before the isolation period has expired, the public security organs may assist medical institutions in taking compulsory isolation treatment measures.
When medical institutions discover patients with Category B or C infectious diseases, they shall take necessary treatment and transmission control measures according to their condition.
Medical institutions must disinfect and harmlessly dispose of sites, items and medical waste contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in accordance with laws and regulations.
On January 28, 2020, the National Health Commission issued the "Pneumonia Prevention and Control Plan for Novel Coronavirus Infection" requiring that medical institutions should follow the "Technical Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Medical Institutions" According to the requirements, we must pay attention to and strengthen isolation, disinfection and protection work, comprehensively implement various measures to prevent nosocomial infections, do a good job in pre-examination and triage, and do a good job in the control and management of hospital infection in fever clinics, emergency departments, and all other general wards. Pneumonia cases and mild cases among infected people should be treated in isolation, and suspected cases should be treated in isolation in a single room. If a severe local epidemic occurs and medical resources are tight, mild cases and asymptomatic infections can be treated and observed at home.
7. How do medical institutions implement infectious disease pre-examination and triage systems when treating patients with infectious diseases?
The "Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases" stipulates that people's governments at or above the county level should strengthen And improve the construction of the medical treatment service network for infectious diseases, designate medical institutions with the conditions and capabilities to treat infectious diseases to undertake the task of treating infectious diseases, or set up infectious disease hospitals according to the needs for infectious disease treatment.
Medical institutions should implement an infectious disease pre-examination and triage system; patients with infectious diseases and patients suspected of infectious diseases should be directed to relatively isolated triage points for initial diagnosis. If a medical institution does not have the corresponding treatment capabilities, it should transfer the patient and a copy of his medical record to a medical institution that has the corresponding treatment capabilities.
The "Measures for the Management of Pre-examination and Triage of Infectious Diseases in Medical Institutions" stipulates that medical institutions should establish a pre-examination and triage system for infectious diseases. General hospitals at level 2 or above should establish an infectious disease department, which is specifically responsible for the triage of infectious diseases in the medical institution, and organizes and manages the pre-examination and triage of infectious diseases in the medical institution. Medical institutions that do not have an infectious disease department should establish an infectious disease triage point. Infectious disease departments and triage points should be clearly marked, relatively independent, well ventilated, have reasonable procedures, and have disinfection and isolation conditions and necessary protective equipment. Article 3 also stipulates that doctors in various departments of medical institutions should pay attention to asking patients about their epidemiological and occupational histories during the consultation process, and conduct infection control for incoming patients based on the patient’s chief complaint, medical history, symptoms and signs, etc. Pre-screening of disease. If a patient is diagnosed as an infectious disease patient or a suspected infectious disease patient after pre-examination, the patient shall be triaged to the infectious disease department or triage point for treatment, and necessary disinfection measures shall be taken at the reception area.
8. What are the legal obligations of entry and exit personnel in the prevention and control of infectious diseases?
The "Implementation Rules of the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law" stipulates that entry and exit personnel, Transportation vehicles and containers, as well as luggage, goods, postal parcels, etc. that may spread quarantine infectious diseases, shall be subject to quarantine in accordance with the provisions of these rules, and may only enter or exit the country with the permission of the health and quarantine agency.
The "Frontier Health and Quarantine Law" stipulates that entry and exit personnel, means of transportation, transportation equipment, as well as luggage, goods, postal parcels and other items that may spread quarantine infectious diseases must be quarantined and cleared by the frontier health and quarantine agency. Entry or exit is allowed only with permission.
9. How to deal with sewage, sewage, feces, etc. contaminated by infectious disease pathogens?
The "Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases" stipulates that sewage, sewage, and feces contaminated by infectious disease pathogens should be treated. Relevant units and individuals must strictly disinfect dirt, places and objects under the guidance of the disease prevention and control agency or in accordance with the hygienic requirements proposed by it; if they refuse to disinfect, the local health administrative department or the disease prevention and control agency will force them to do so. Disinfection.
10. What should we do if pneumonia patients infected with the new coronavirus are found on public transportation such as trains and airplanes?
"Regulations on Emergency Response to Public Health Emergencies" It stipulates that if patients with infectious diseases or suspected infectious diseases who need to take emergency control measures according to the regulations of the health administrative department of the State Council are found on a vehicle, the person in charge shall notify the stopping point in front of them as quickly as possible and notify the operating unit of the vehicle Report. The forward stopping point of the transportation vehicle and the operating unit shall immediately report to the administrative department of the transportation operating unit and the health administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level. After receiving the report, the health administrative department shall immediately organize relevant personnel to take corresponding medical treatment measures.
Close contacts of infectious disease patients on transportation vehicles shall be handled by the health administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the county level or the railway, transportation, and civil aviation administrative departments at the transportation stop points according to their respective responsibilities. , adopt control measures in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations on the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
If emergency control measures for infectious diseases are required at border ports and entry and exit personnel, vehicles, goods, containers, luggage, postal parcels, etc., they shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of border health and quarantine laws and administrative regulations.
Therefore, pneumonia patients infected with the new coronavirus found on public transport vehicles such as trains and airplanes, as well as at border ports and entry and exit personnel, should be dealt with strictly in accordance with the above regulations and in accordance with the law.
11. What precautions should people coming to Shandong from areas where the new coronavirus-infected pneumonia epidemic occurs to prevent and control the spread of the epidemic?
Shandong Provincial Party Committee Office and Provincial Government Office The department issued a notice to further strengthen the epidemic prevention and control work, requiring strict prevention of epidemic imports and the comprehensive activation of the Huanlu prevention and control circle; all intercity passenger shuttle buses in the province have been suspended, and all Huanlu public security inspection stations have started inspection and control services. Strengthen the monitoring of key places, set up monitoring points at important checkpoints, and register them one by one, and observe those who should observe.
12. What should be done when patients, suspected patients, and close contacts who are in isolation and observation period do not obey the management?
"Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases" ” stipulates that if someone refuses isolation treatment or leaves isolation treatment without authorization before the isolation period has expired, the public security organs can assist the medical institution in taking compulsory isolation treatment measures. When medical institutions discover patients with Category B or C infectious diseases, they shall take necessary treatment and transmission control measures according to their condition.