The small hardware store sells too many things, both a variety of screws and nails, pliers, wrenches, and mops, pipes and wires, and so on, and even some hardware stores will sell cement and sand and bricks.
So what exactly do we usually mean by hardware?
The origin of the word "hardware"
According to evidence, the word "hardware" first appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty, an account of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period of the book "Wu Yue Chun Qiu", which appeared in the word "hardware". Hardware" this word - "Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Annals" four "Helu Lu Nei Chuan": "I heard that the king of Yue Yuan Chang made Ou Yezi to make five swords,...... a Zhan Lu, hardware of the Ying, the essence of the sun. " According to the "Han book - food and goods" on the "gold, knife, turtle, shellfish" note: "gold is five colors of gold, yellow is said to be gold, white is said to be silver, red is said to be copper, green is said to be lead, black is said to be iron. "
According to the Modern Chinese Dictionary gives a further explanation, the so-called hardware, is to refer to gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, the five kinds of metal.
The further application of metals has played an important role in the development of the social history of human civilization. Metal products, appeared in all corners of economic life, political life and military activities.
In modern times, with more and more varieties of metal, the further application of metal, metal products also appeared in all corners of life, such as hardware tools, hardware parts, daily-use hardware, architectural hardware, and security supplies, etc., people will be made of metal all products are collectively referred to as hardware.
5 Key Properties of Metals
The word "metal" has a very broad meaning and covers a number of different properties, such as lead (a dense heavy metal), mercury (a liquid metal) and sodium (a soft metal that can be cut with a knife), so what are some of the key properties of metals?
1, strength: the ability of a material to resist deformation and fracture under the action of an external force (load). Material unit area subject to load called stress.
2, yield point (бs): yield strength, refers to the material in the stretching process, the material subjected to stress reaches a certain critical value, the load is no longer increased deformation but continue to increase or produce 0.2% L when the stress value, the unit of Newton / millimeter 2 (N / mm2) said.
3, tensile strength (бb): also known as the limit of strength refers to the maximum stress value of the material before pulling off. Unit with newton/mm2 (N/mm2) said.
4, elongation (δ): material in tensile fracture, the total elongation and the percentage of the original scale length.
5, section shrinkage (Ψ): material in the tensile fracture, the section of the maximum reduction in the area and the percentage of the original fracture area.
6, hardness: refers to the resistance of the material to other harder things pressure on its surface, commonly used hardness according to its range of determination of distribution of hardness (HBS, HBW) and Rockwell hardness (HKA, HKB, HRC).
7, impact toughness (Ak): the ability of the material to resist the impact load, the unit is joule/cm2 (J/cm2).
04Lustre
Metals are also known for their distinctive appearance. In the light, metals have a shiny appearance, while metals such as gold, silver and platinum have an eye-catching luster, which gives them greater value in jewelry and decoration.
The luster of metals is achieved through the interaction of light and electrons. In metals, electrons are free to move around, and when light strikes a surface, the electrons absorb the light and energize it, and when the electrons move faster they create more reflected light, which is visible to the human eye as shiny metal.
Hardware is available in a wide variety of types, specifications and sizes, and plays an irreplaceable role in various fields; our country is also a big manufacturer of hardware, and there are a number of places in the country that are known as the Hardware Capital of the World, and every day they are manufacturing all kinds of hardware products for the world.
Modern hardware
History into the modern industrial society, metal-hardware industry is the rapid development of the hardware industry in the development of the national economy has played an inestimable role, hardware has become an indispensable part of industrial manufacturing industry.
Rather, they are used as supporting products for industrial manufacturing, semi-finished products and tools used in the production process. Only a small portion of daily-use hardware products are necessary for people's lives as tools for consumer goods.
In the National Bureau of Statistics National Economic Industry Classification, the manufacturing industry is ranked in the third largest category of industries. These include: the production and manufacture of means of living, such as: agricultural and sideline products, food and beverages, tobacco, textiles, clothing and leather, wood and furniture, printing and sporting goods, and pharmaceutical manufacturing, etc.; the manufacture of means of production, such as: petrochemicals, chemical fibers, rubber and plastics, non-metallic products manufacturing, metal smelting and processing, metal products manufacturing, general-purpose equipment manufacturing, manufacturing of special equipment for the industry, as well as transport and communications equipment manufacturing, electrical equipment, communications and electronics manufacturing, and the manufacturing of special equipment. equipment manufacturing, electrical equipment, communication electronics and so on.
And the manufacturing of metal products and general equipment manufacturing in the classification of general-purpose parts and components and other related products are composed of the usual sense of the "small hardware". Thus, 'small hardware' is not a pre-existing industry categories, but several metal products - hardware products cross combination. In the manufacturing industry as a whole, the role of 'hardware' is to provide parts and tools to manufacturing companies, rather than as end-use industry-specific equipment.
Nevertheless, we can't deny the important role of hardware in the social production process: hardware and manufacturing are intertwined in an inseparable whole.