Mature management mechanism
Multi-level crisis management system for earthquake disasters. Japan's national crisis management system is an organizational system based on law, with the Prime Minister of the Cabinet as the supreme commander, the Cabinet Secretariat responsible for overall coordination and liaison, the formulation of crisis countermeasures through decision-making bodies such as the Conference on Safety and Security, the Central Disaster Prevention Conference, and the Emergency Agreement of the Heads of the Relevant Ministries and Departments, and the implementation of the system by functional departments such as the Department of Homeland Affairs, the Meteorological Agency, the Department of National Defense, and the Fire Department.
Perfect disaster crisis management legal system. Japan as a major disaster country is the world's earlier formulation of the basic law of disaster management countries, and has formed a set of relatively perfect disaster laws and regulations system. At present, Japan has more than 40 various types of crisis management laws. Among them, there are more than 10 laws related to earthquake disaster mitigation, including the Basic Law for Natural Disaster Countermeasures, the Law on Special Measures for Countermeasures Against Atomic Energy Disasters, the Law Concerning the Prevention of Marine Pollution and Marine Disasters, the Law on Special Measures for the Countermeasures Against Active Volcanoes, the Law on the Prevention of Floods, and the Disaster Relief Law, among others. In response to possible large-scale earthquake disasters, the Japanese government also specializes in the "Law on Special Measures for Countermeasures against Large-scale Earthquakes" and the "Law on Special Measures for State Finances for Emergency Preparedness Businesses Related to Earthquake Countermeasures for the Strengthening of Geographical Areas for Earthquake Disaster Countermeasures," and other related laws.
A comprehensive disaster management information network. The National Meteorological Agency of Japan is the specialized agency in charge of monitoring earthquakes and tsunamis, and has established a 24-hour monitoring system to ensure that the source of the earthquake, its scale, and whether or not it triggers a tsunami are calculated and tsunami warnings and forecasts are issued at the moment of the earthquake. According to the Meteorological Operations Law, information about earthquakes is transmitted immediately to police agencies, local governments, communications companies, television media, maritime security agencies, firefighting agencies, etc., and from there, it is rapidly transmitted to schools, homes, hospitals, and ships.
Effective preventive measures and a strong sense of disaster crisis. Japan recognizes prevention and response to crises as equally important, and takes proactive preventive measures before a crisis arises. In order to cultivate people's awareness of disaster prevention and relief, the Japanese police continuously print and update earthquake pamphlets to introduce various kinds of knowledge on how to respond to earthquake disasters. In addition, September 1 of each year is designated as "Disaster Prevention Day" for the Japanese people. On this day, local governments, residential areas, schools, and businesses throughout the country hold a variety of disaster prevention drills, and in particular, residents' organizations in earthquake-prone areas are required to conduct a comprehensive earthquake prevention training and regional disaster prevention training. At the same time, there are many simulated earthquakes, fires and other scenarios throughout Japan, disaster prevention experience centers, free of charge to the public.
Worthy of China's reference
This year, China's sudden disaster occurred one after another. Japan's perfect crisis management system and its operational experience, should have a certain inspiration for China's disaster crisis management.
The establishment of a national crisis management command system, integrated coordination of the capacity of various departments. 1995 Hanshin earthquake, Japan's disaster management system from the "comprehensive disaster management system" gradually shifted to the "national crisis management system", and emphasized that "Strong cabinet, big security" crisis management mechanism. The Chinese government should also gradually shift from a passive system of coping with emergencies to a system of proactive prevention and active response to emergencies, and in particular strengthen the comprehensive coordination capacity of various departments for sudden-onset disasters.
Improve the emergency legislation system. From the Japanese government to establish the process of disaster prevention and relief system, both theoretically and practically pay attention to the management of the regulations and procedures, from the institutional setup to the implementation of specific countermeasures are generally realized through the means of legalization. At present, China in response to major natural disasters has developed the "Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Law", "Flood Control Law", "Fire Protection Law", etc., but these laws themselves have a strong independence, the color of departmental management, coupled with the decentralization of the management system, the lack of a macro grasp of the crisis event.
Enhance the people's awareness of the crisis, increase disaster prevention publicity. Japan has always attached great importance to the national crisis awareness, the central government invests a lot of money every year for national disaster prevention education and publicity, the people for the disaster may encounter when the situation, escape essentials, first aid knowledge are very clear. On the other hand, the SARS outbreak in 2003 and the Wenchuan earthquake have fully exposed the weakness of the Chinese national crisis awareness, and emphasized the urgency for the government to strengthen the cultivation of crisis awareness.
Playing the positive role of the media in dealing with the disaster crisis, the Japanese Hanshin earthquake in January 1995, when the earthquake area was completely cut off from the outside world, the government was unable to understand the situation of the disaster, in this case, the Japanese media sent helicopters to understand the situation over the quake area, live broadcasts, to stabilize the society, and stabilize the people's heart played an important role. In this regard, China can learn from some of Japan's practices
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