(1) peroxide disinfectant
① peracetic acid
Peroxyacetic acid has a strong broad-spectrum bactericidal effect, which can effectively kill bacteria propagules, mycobacterium tuberculosis, fungi, viruses, spores and other microorganisms.
[Practical application]
The concentration of 0. 1% ~ 0.2% is used to disinfect the environment, utensils and pigs inside and outside the stable. But pay attention to the disinfection of pigs. Don't spray it directly on the pig's head to avoid hurting the pig's eyes.
② Potassium permanganate
Also known as potassium permanganate or manganese oxide, it is a disinfectant with strong oxidant, which can oxidize the active groups in microorganisms and kill them.
[Practical application]
It is often mixed with the concentration of 0. 1% ~ 0.2% to disinfect the skin and mucosa of pigs, mainly for local disinfection of nipples, perineum and obstetrics of sows before labor.
(2) Chloride disinfectant
Chlorine-containing disinfectants have a wide bactericidal spectrum, which can effectively kill bacteria, mycobacterium tuberculosis, fungi, viruses, amoeba cysts and algae, with rapid action, and its residual chlorine is harmless to people and animals. Its disadvantage is that it is strongly corrosive to metal products, and high concentration is irritating to skin and mucosa.
① Bleaching powder
The product of calcium hypochlorite belongs to chloride disinfectant, which has broad bactericidal spectrum and strong effect, but it is not lasting. Mainly used for disinfection of stables, corrals, feeding troughs and vehicles.
[Practical application]
Spraying with 5% ~ 10% suspending agent or spreading with dry powder. 0.03% ~ 0. 15% is used to remove toxic substances from drinking water.
② Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium hypochlorite is a liquid chlorine disinfectant with high efficiency, rapidity and high sterilization. At present, it is widely used in water, sewage and environmental disinfection.
[Practical application]
For the disinfection of livestock and poultry water, the commonly used maintenance amount is 2 ~ 4 mg/L of available chlorine. For the disinfection of the environment inside and outside the pigsty, 5 ~ 10 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant is commonly used. Spraying 5 mg/L chlorine solution on pigs for disinfection.
③ Junduwang disinfectant
Junduwang is a binary compound disinfectant containing chlorine dioxide. Free chlorine dioxide can be released after the disinfectant and activator are mixed and activated in equal amounts. Chlorine dioxide has a strong oxidation effect, which can oxidize and decompose amino acids in microbial protein. Therefore, it can kill bacteria, molds, viruses, algae and other microorganisms. Because of its safety, high efficiency and broad spectrum, it is widely used in disinfection of livestock and poultry farms, feeding utensils, drinking water and environment.
[Practical application]
5 mg/L is commonly used for water disinfection of livestock and poultry, 200 mg/L for environmental disinfection and 700 mg/L for feeding utensils.
④ Powerful Disinfection King
Li Qiang Disinfection King is a new compound disinfectant containing chlorine. The main ingredient is sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and anionic surfactant is added. This product contains 20% effective chlorine, has strong disinfection and sterilization ability, is easily soluble in water, is harmless to people and animals in normal use, has no irritation to skin and mucous membrane, has no corrosion, mildew-proof, decontamination and deodorization effects, and has stable performance and long-term storage resistance. Can bring livestock and poultry for spray disinfection; It has a good killing effect on various viruses, bacteria, molds and parasitic eggs of livestock and poultry.
[Practical application]
According to the scope and object of disinfection, a certain amount of drugs are weighed according to the specified proportion, and then dissolved into suspension with a small amount of water, and then gradually diluted to the specified proportion with water.
(3) Iodine disinfectant
Iodine is a broad-spectrum disinfectant, which can quickly kill bacteria, tuberculosis, spores, fungi and viruses. Iodine is dissolved in ethanol to form iodine wine, which is often used for skin disinfection. Its aqueous solution is suitable for mucosal disinfection.
(1) tincture of iodine (iodine)
It is a mild iodine disinfectant with a general concentration of 2%.
[Practical application]
2% tincture of iodine is applied to the skin, so this concentration will not burn the skin. Therefore, 2% tincture of iodine is commonly used in clinic to disinfect the skin of immunization, injection site and operation site, as well as various wounds or infected skin or mucosa.
② Iodophor
It can enhance the solubility of iodine in water, because it is easily soluble in water and its concentration is more than 10 times higher than that of free iodine. Iodophor has no irritation to mucous membrane and skin, and will not cause iodine allergic reaction. Its bactericidal ability is similar to tincture of iodine. Besides disinfection, it also has a cleaning function, and its toxicity is extremely low. Non-corrosive to carbon steel, copper, silver and other metals.
[Practical application]
Iodophor with the concentration of 1% is commonly used in clinic to disinfect the skin and mucosa of injection site, operation site, wound and infected site. It can also be used for cleaning and disinfecting nipples and perineum of sows before labor.
Iodine and iodophor can also be used for disinfection of water, especially for emergency treatment of drinking water. With 8 mg/L of available iodine for 10 min, microorganisms in water can be effectively killed.
③ Special iodine disinfectant
Special iodine disinfectant is a compound complex iodine solution, which has the characteristics of broad spectrum, long-acting, non-toxic, tasteless, non-irritating, non-corrosive and pollution-free. It can kill pathogenic staphylococci, pyogenic streptococcus, anthrax, tetanus, Pasteurella, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, pneumococcus, etc. It can also kill hepatitis A, hepatitis B virus, paramyxovirus and pox virus.
[Practical application]
For spray disinfection of livestock and poultry houses, 0.3% special iodine disinfectant is generally diluted 40 ~ 80 times before use.
(4) Quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant
Quaternary ammonium salt, also known as cationic surfactant, is mainly used for disinfection of inanimate objects or skin. Quaternary ammonium compounds are extremely low in toxicity, safe, odorless, non-irritating, soluble in water and non-corrosive to metals, fabrics, rubber and plastics. The bacteriostatic ability is very strong, but the bactericidal ability is not very strong, mainly for gram-positive bacteria, but poor for negative bacteria. It has poor effect on spores, viruses and mycobacterium tuberculosis and cannot be killed. At present, in order to overcome this shortcoming, the manufacturer has developed a compound of double-stranded quaternary ammonium salt, which is several times stronger than the traditional quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant. Some products also combine bromine atoms with strong bactericidal power, which doubles the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of molecules and enhances the bactericidal effect.
① Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine is a safe disinfectant with low toxicity, low corrosiveness and low irritation, and has strong antibacterial ability, especially for Escherichia coli, typhoid Bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis. Very low concentration of chlorhexidine also has a strong antibacterial effect and stays on the skin for a long time. At present, there are two kinds of chlorhexidine diacetate and chlorhexidine hydrochloride produced in China.
[Practical application]
It is mainly used for disinfection of arms, skin and mucosa before operation, and 0.5% chlorhexidine is commonly used. In addition, 0. 1% ~ 0.2% chlorhexidine aqueous solution can be used to disinfect the lower abdomen, nipples, rear buttocks, perineum and other parts of delivery pigs. The concentration of 0. 1% can also be used for disinfection of live pigs in delivery room.
② bromogeramine
It is a quaternary ammonium disinfectant, which is soluble in water and alcohol. This product is mild in nature, low in toxicity, non-irritating, non-coloring, non-damaging to sterilized articles, safe to use and widely used.
[Practical application]
Clinically, 0. 1% bromogeramine is commonly used to disinfect surgical instruments, hands and arms.
③ Dumifen
Also known as Xiaoduning, it belongs to quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant. This product can disturb the metabolism of bacteria, so it has antibacterial and bactericidal effects.
[Practical application]
It is often mixed with 0.02 ~ 1% solution for disinfection of skin and mucosa and wet compress of local infection.
④ Redox -203 disinfectant
Redox -203 disinfectant is compounded by double-chain quaternary ammonium salt and synergist. This product can quickly kill all kinds of viruses, bacteria, molds, fungi, eggs, algae, spores and various pathogenic microorganisms in livestock and poultry at low concentration and low temperature.
[Practical application]
This model 40 product is usually used for prevention and disinfection. Dilution is 3200 ~ 4800 times to spray and disinfect the inside and outside of the pigsty and the environment. 1600 ~ 3200 dilution was used for disinfection in epidemic areas.
⑤ Baijunmie disinfectant
Bacitracin is a compound of double-chain quaternary ammonium salt, which can kill many viruses, bacteria and molds by combining with bromine (Br) atom with the strongest bactericidal power.
[Practical application]
Preventive disinfection at ordinary times, take this product diluted 1: 800 ~ 1200 times for spray disinfection of pigsty. 1∶800 dilution can be used to disinfect the environment inside and outside the epidemic area. 1: 3000 ~ 1: 5000 times dilution can be used as disinfection of drinking water system for a long time or regularly.
⑥ disinfectant for livestock and poultry
It is a compound fifth-generation double single-chain quaternary ammonium salt compound. Compared with the traditional quaternary ammonium disinfectant, it has a wider antibacterial spectrum and higher efficiency, and can kill various viruses, bacteria and molds. Wide application conditions, not affected by environment, water quality, pH, light and temperature.
[Practical application]
Ordinary preventive disinfection, the common concentration of 40% livestock and poultry diluted 3500 ~ 6000 times, can be used for spray disinfection in pig houses; Dilution 1200 ~ 3000 times, which can be used for spraying disinfection in epidemic areas and pig houses.
(5) Alcohol disinfectant
Ethanol is an alcohol disinfectant and the most commonly used disinfectant in medicine. It can denature the protein of bacteria and interfere with the metabolism of bacteria. Some alcohols such as n-propanol and tert-butanol can dissolve Escherichia coli. Therefore, it can quickly kill various bacterial propagules and mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, any high concentration of alcohol can not kill spores, and it is not sensitive to the role of virus and fungal spores, and it takes a long time to be effective. However, it is non-toxic, harmless, colorless, tasteless and volatile to the skin, and is often used for skin disinfection, iodine removal, instrument disinfection, thermometer disinfection and so on.
[Practical application]
It is often prepared into 70% ~ 75% ethanol solution, which is used to disinfect the skin of injection site, fingers of personnel, injection needles and small medical devices.
(6) Phenolic disinfectant
① Lysol (saponified cresol solution)
Lysol, a synthetic phenol, is a mixture of cresol and soap, which can denature microbial protoplasm in protein, precipitate, sterilize or inhibit bacteria. It can kill general bacteria and has no effect on spores, viruses and fungi.
[Practical application]
It is often mixed with the concentration of 1% ~ 2% for disinfection of body surface, fingers and instruments.
5% saponified cresol solution is used for disinfection of piggery dirt.
② Disinfectant for bacterial toxin
Fungicidal disinfectant (formerly known as Nongle) is an efficient, broad-spectrum and non-corrosive disinfectant for livestock and poultry, which can kill many viruses, bacteria and molds, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus, vesicular virus, rabies virus, pseudorabies virus, tuberculosis, Pasteurella, anthrax, erysipelas, Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
[Practical application]
Conventional preventive disinfection is diluted by 1∶300 times, which is used to disinfect the environment inside and outside the pig farm. Dilution 1∶ 100 times can be used for spray disinfection of specific infectious diseases and vehicles.
(7) Aldehyde disinfectant
Formaldehyde (formalin)
It is a powerful disinfectant, which can kill not only reproductive bacteria, but also spores (such as anthrax spores) and drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, viruses and fungi. Mainly used for fumigation and disinfection of stables, warehouses, hatcheries, furs, clothes and utensils. And the preservation of specimens and corpses; It is also used for gastrointestinal fermentation.
[Practical application]
5% formaldehyde alcohol solution can be used for disinfection of surgical site; 10% ~ 30% formaldehyde solution can be used to treat fork rot; 10% ~ 20% formalin (equivalent to 4% ~ 8% formaldehyde solution) can be sprayed, soaked and fumigated for disinfection.
(8) Alkaline disinfectant
sodium hydroxide
It is an alkaline disinfectant, which can dissolve protein, destroy the enzyme system and cell structure of bacteria, and corrode tissues and cells. This product has a strong killing effect on bacterial propagules, spores and viruses, and also has a killing effect on parasitic eggs.
[Practical application]
It is often prepared into 2% hot solution, which is used for disinfection of pig houses, feeding troughs and wheels contaminated by viruses, bacteria and Toxoplasma gondii.
5% solution is used to disinfect places contaminated by anthrax spores.
5% solution is used to corrode skin vegetation, new cutin and so on.