One, the scientific splitting of prefabricated components
The core of the industrialization of construction is the industrialization of production, and the key to the industrialization of production is the standardization of design, and the most central link is the establishment of a complete set of adaptive modulus as well as the principle of coordination of modulus. Design accordingly optimize the size and type of each functional module, so that the building components to achieve universality and interchangeability, to ensure that the house in the construction process, in terms of function, quality, technology and economy to obtain the optimal program, and to promote the construction mode from the crude to intensive transformation.
The key point of standardization is reflected in the scientific splitting of components. The scientific splitting of prefabricated components will have an impact on the building function, building elevation, structural stress conditions, prefabricated components bearing capacity, project cost and so on. According to the different functions and forces, the components are mainly divided into vertical components, horizontal components and non-stressed components. Vertical members are mainly prefabricated shear walls. Horizontal members mainly include prefabricated floor slabs, prefabricated balcony air-conditioning panels, prefabricated staircases and so on. Non-stressed components include PCF exterior wall panels and decorative components that enrich the building facade and enhance the overall aesthetics of the building.
The splitting of components is mainly based on five factors: firstly, reasonable stress; secondly, production, transportation and lifting requirements; thirdly, prefabricated component reinforcement structure requirements; fourthly, connection and installation construction requirements; fifthly, prefabricated component standardization design requirements, and ultimately achieve the purpose of "less specifications, more combinations".
Second, the handling of connection nodes
The design and construction of the connection nodes is the focus and difficulty of the assembly structure. Ensure the performance of the connection node is the key to ensure the performance of the assembly structure. Assembly structure connection node completed in the construction site is the most likely to appear quality problems, and the construction quality of the connection node is the core of the whole structure construction quality. Therefore, the node form used should be easy to construct, and can guarantee the construction quality.
The connection of vertical stress steel bars of prefabricated components is the commonly used reinforcing bar sleeve connection technology in earthquake-prone countries such as the United States and Japan. Through a large number of theoretical and experimental analyses by our scientific research and technical personnel, the safety and reliability of this technology has been proved and incorporated into our industry standard "Technical Specification for Assembled Concrete Structures". Grouting sleeve connection technology is to connect the upper and lower reinforcement bars by filling the annular gap between the inner and outer sleeves with cementitious and other grout, realizing reasonable and clear force transmission, so that the calculation analysis is in line with the actual force situation of the node.
From the point of view of building professionals, the focus of the node treatment includes external insulation and waterproofing measures. "Sandwich" type of sandwich wall panel, the inner side of the concrete force layer, the middle is the insulation layer, the outer side of the concrete protective layer, through the connectors will be connected to the inner and outer layers of concrete connected to the whole, not only to ensure the stability of the thermal insulation performance of the outer wall heat transfer coefficient, but also to improve the fire rating. Waterproofing measures are mainly embodied in the intersection of the board joints, vertical board joints using structural waterproofing and material waterproofing combined with two waterproofing construction, horizontal board joints using structural waterproofing and material waterproofing combined with two waterproofing construction.
Three, BIM whole industry chain application
The combination of BIM and industrialized housing system can not only improve the project's refined management and intensive operation, but also improve the efficiency of resource use, reduce costs, and improve the level of engineering design and construction quality.
BIM software can comprehensively detect all collision problems between pipelines and civil construction and provide them to all professional designers for adjustment, which theoretically eliminates all pipeline collision problems.Revit
MEP optimizes the design of pipelines and bridges through data-driven system modeling and design, which can minimize the design of pipelines and bridges in the design of pipeline and bridge system between pipelines and bridges, collisions between pipe bridges and structural members in the design of pipe bridge systems.
The design institute should have the ability to plan the BIM application in the whole industry chain and the whole life cycle of the industrialization project, determine the BIM informationization application target and the BIM application standard and handover interface in each stage, establish the BIM informationization technology application collaborative platform and carry on the maintenance and updating, and realize the application of BIM in the whole life cycle in the pre-planning stage, design stage, component production stage, construction stage and dismantling stage of the industrialization project. It realizes the application of BIM technology in the whole life cycle of industrialized projects, and helps the owners to realize all-round and real-time control of the quality, progress and cost of the projects.
Residential industrialization is a profound revolution in China's construction industry, and is one of the inevitable trends in the development of the construction industry. Compared with Europe, America, Japan and other developed countries, the development of China's residential industrialization is still in the primary stage, facing an unfavorable situation of lagging management system, imperfect technical system and high construction cost. In the continuous improvement of the technical system, the construction of residential industrialization to promote incentives at the same time, we should focus on the implementation of design, construction, management integration, from project planning, planning and design, architectural design, production and processing, transportation and construction, installation of equipment and facilities, decorative decoration and operation and management of the whole process of coordination, the formation of a complete integrated mode of operation.