When an earthquake occurs, it is vital to have a clear mind and a calm and collected attitude. If you are indoors during the earthquake, such as far away from the doors and windows, temporarily hiding in the solid furniture under the wall or corner, is safer. In addition, you can also move to the more load-bearing walls, smaller openings in the kitchen, bathroom and other places to take refuge. After escaping the main shock, you should quickly evacuate to a spacious outdoor area. When evacuating, pay attention to protecting your head. It is best to protect your head with soft objects such as pillows and quilts. Assuming that you are in an open outdoor area at the time of the earthquake, this is the most fortunate thing. If you are in a place with a high density of buildings, it is best to protect your head with a soft object such as your hands or a purse, and be as prepared as possible for self-defense. And quickly move away from transformers, utility poles and fences, narrow alleys, etc. Earthquakes can have endless secondary disasters occur, each person should be based on different situations, judging the situation, take flexible emergency response.
Second, how to help in the event of a dangerous situation?
The earthquake was buried in the rubble under the people, should be hand towels, clothes, etc. cover the mouth and nose, to avoid being choked by smoke and dust suffocation, should also be as far as possible to remove the pressure on the body of a variety of items, it is best to move towards the place where there is light. Powerless to escape, try to minimize the consumption of gas, insist on the longer, the greater the possibility of rescue. In addition, it is not easy to hear people outside under the rubble, so wait until you hear someone outside before calling for help or banging on the wall. Rescue others should first determine the position of the head of the casualty, so that the head is first exposed, quickly remove the dust in the mouth and nose, and then make the chest and abdomen exposed, do not pull and drag. If there is asphyxiation, artificial respiration should be administered in a timely manner.
Three, how to carry out personal protection during the earthquake?
When you feel the ground or building shaking, remember that the greatest harm is from falling debris, at this moment, to move smartly to avoid.
1, in the house, then quickly to a safe place, such as hiding to the desk, work table, under the bed. Inside the unit building, you can choose to open a small bathroom, corner, relying on the support of the water and gas pipelines, reducing casualties. For the open outdoors, live in a cottage workers, the earthquake can be head was, pillow or helmet to escape the outdoors, too late, it is best to avoid earthquakes indoors, pay attention to stay away from the windows, get down, head against the wall, so that the nose above the eyes between the concave part of the pillow in the horizontal above the arms , close the eyes and mouth, breathe through the nose, in general, do not run out of the building, it is best to find a safe place to hide, to be an earthquake, if the need for evacuation and then calmly leave.
2, the earthquake, the door frame will be deformed and can not be opened, so during the earthquake, it is best not to close the door. When the earthquake at night, we must scramble to move to a safe place, do not delay because of looking for items and dress, if possible, immediately pull off the power supply, turn off the gas, extinguish the open fire. Lighting is best used with a flashlight, do not use matches, candles and other open flames.
3, the earthquake, such as has been smashed or buried in the collapse of the following, should first observe the surrounding environment, looking for channels, try to find a way out. If there is no channel, then to save energy, do not yell, to listen to the movement of the outside, such as hearing the sound of someone walking past, you can knock on the iron pipe or wall to make the sound out, in order to rescue. At the same time to be in a small space, looking for food to sustain life.
Fourth, when the earthquake is running or hiding?
Most of our experts believe that: when the earthquake is close to the shelter, after the earthquake quickly evacuated to a safe place, is a better way to avoid the emergency. Should choose a strong indoor, can cover the body of the object under (beside), easy to form a triangular space, small openings, supportive place, room open, safe place. The body should take the posture: crouch and stay, crouch down or sit down, try to curl up the body, lower the center of gravity of the body. Grasp a firm object such as a table leg. Protect your head, neck and eyes, and cover your mouth and nose. Avoid crowds, don't crowd and don't light fires, as there may be flammable and explosive gases in the air. Avoiding earthquakes in schools When classes are in progress, quickly hold your head, close your eyes, and hide under your desk under the command of the teacher. When you are in the playground or outside, crouch down in place, protect your head with both hands, and avoid tall buildings or dangerous objects. Do not return to the classroom. There should be an organized evacuation after the earthquake. Never jump from buildings! Do not stand outside the window! Do not go out on the balcony! Classes should be held outside if necessary. Family earthquake avoidance Earthquake warning time is short, indoor earthquake avoidance is more realistic, and indoor housing after the collapse of the formation of the triangular space, often people survived the relative safety of the location, which can be called the earthquake space. This mainly refers to the space formed by large collapsed bodies and supports. Indoor easy to form a triangular space is: under the edge of the bed, near the solid furniture; interior wall roots, corners; kitchen, toilet, storage room and other small openings. Avoiding earthquakes in public *** places Listen to the directions of the staff on the spot, do not panic, do not crowd towards the exits, avoid crowding, avoid the flow of people, avoid being squeezed into the walls or fences. In theaters, gymnasiums, etc.: Crouch down on the spot or lie down under the rows of chairs; pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and fans; protect your head with a school bag; wait for the earthquake to pass, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner. In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibitions, subways, etc.: Choose sturdy counters, merchandise (e.g., low furniture, etc.), or the side of pillars, as well as the corners of interior walls, etc., and crouch down on the ground, protecting your head with your hands or other things; avoid glass doors, windows, cabinets, or counters; avoid shelves that are tall and unstable or that are displaying heavy or fragile goods; avoid billboards, chandeliers, and other towering or hanging objects. In a moving car: Hold onto the handrail to avoid falling or getting hurt; lower your center of gravity and hide near the seat. Lower your center of gravity and hide near your seat. Get out of the car after the earthquake has passed. Outdoors: Crouch or lie down to avoid falling; do not run around and avoid crowded places; do not go back indoors. Avoid tall buildings or structures: buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls; bridges, overpasses; high chimneys and water towers. Avoid dangerous, high or hanging objects: transformers, utility poles, streetlights, etc.; billboards, cranes, etc. Avoid other dangerous places: narrow streets; dilapidated houses, dangerous walls; daughters' walls, high facades, under canopies; piles of bricks, tiles, wood and other things. Answer: star143133 | Level 2 | 2011-3-18 10:09
A good earthquake forecast.
Earthquakes are preceded by omens. Now we know this omen is: groundwater becomes muddy, turn flowers, bubbling, change flavor; chickens, ducks, pigs and goats running around screaming; rats fleeing, fish jumping on the water surface. This situation indicates that the earth's crust will be bent, wrinkled and fractured, and an earthquake will occur. At present, it is difficult for any country in the world to accurately forecast earthquakes, and China's earthquake forecasting can be said to be in the world's leading position. Most of the earthquake forecast can point out that a certain area in a certain period of time may occur. 1976, before the Tangshan earthquake, Liaoning Province, Haicheng area had a magnitude 6 or more earthquake, before the quake, the government has repeatedly urged all the indoor people resettled in the seismic shed, and repeatedly preach the earthquake know only, the result is that casualties have been reduced to a minimum. Therefore, the key to preventing earthquakes lies in timely forecasting, adequate preparation, and knowledge of earthquake rescue.
Two, the development of family earthquake prevention program.
Once an earthquake occurs, it may make our power supply, water supply, heating system, transportation system, the supply system of living necessities, information system, and medical and health care system be damaged to a certain extent, affecting the normal life of the people, so we should make a family earthquake prevention plan.
First of all, we should exclude the hanging objects in the high places of the room, and the objects placed vertically on the cabinets and wooden shelves, and change the position and way of placing them, so that they are not easy to be shaken down and hurt people. At the same time to remove all flammable and explosive items. The bed should be moved to a place far away from the glass window. Put shatterproof tape on windows. Shockproof paraphernalia kits are placed in an easy-to-grab place. In order to get out of danger, you may only have time to grab one item, emergency items are included and it will help you get through. These items include cash, drinking water, and medicines against flu and dysentery, among others.
Third, schools should be prepared for an earthquake.
In secondary and elementary school should popularize knowledge of earthquake prevention, schools in earthquake zones should have a program of earthquake prevention training, if an earthquake occurs while a class is in session, the teacher should immediately give a simple and clear instruction to students to close their eyes on the spot and crouch under their desks. An area where an earthquake may occur at a certain time. Families and schools should communicate frequently. Schools in earthquake zones that are in a position to do so should have disaster relief items, such as first aid medical supplies, cold and rain supplies, tools, etc., and distribute them by class or classroom until they are in the hands of individuals.
How to protect yourself if an earthquake occurs?
In the event of an earthquake, if you are outside, do not approach buildings, chimneys, utility poles, or any other tall buildings or trees that may collapse, and leave bridges and overpasses and go to an open field where it is safer. Although earthquakes are natural disasters that cause deaths and injuries to people, they are not unpreventable. If you can seize the moment, the use of earthquake knowledge can protect themselves, such as the earthquake occurred before the observation of birds, animals, abnormal agitation; crouching under the table when the earthquake occurred can reduce the damage caused by the earthquake. It can be seen that learning about earthquakes is very important.
Strong earthquakes often cause houses to collapse, embankments to break, and the earth to fall apart, bringing losses to people's lives and property. In order to protect yourself in the event of an earthquake, you should know the following emergency survival methods.
1. If in the cottage, a sudden earthquake, to quickly drill under the bed, under the table, at the same time with bedding, pillows, washbasin and other things to protect the head, and so on the earthquake gap and then as soon as possible to leave the housing, transfer to a safe place. If a house collapses during an earthquake, stay under the bed or under the table and don't move, wait until the earthquake stops and then escape outside or wait for rescue.
2. If you live in a building and an earthquake occurs, don't try to run out of the building because it's too late. The safest and most effective way is: in time to hide in the smallest room between the two load-bearing walls, such as toilets, kitchens and so on. You can also hide under furniture such as tables and cabinets, as well as in the corners of the walls on the inside of the room, and take care to protect your head. Never go to the balcony and windows to hide.
3. If an earthquake occurs while you are in class, don't panic, and don't run or scramble out of the classroom. Near the door of the students can quickly run to the door, the middle and back row of the students can hide as soon as possible under the desk, with a book bag to protect the head; against the wall of the students should be close to the wall root, hands to protect the head.
4. If you have left the room, do not go back to the house to get something as soon as the earthquake stops. Because after the first earthquake, there will be aftershocks, and the aftershocks will be more threatening to people.
5-If an earthquake occurs in a public **** place, you can not panic and run. You can improvise and hide in the nearby safer places, such as under the table cabinet, under the stage, in the pool.
6- If the street, absolutely can not run into the building to avoid danger. Do not stay in dangerous places such as under high buildings, billboards, narrow alleyways and bridgeheads.
7. If you are buried in a building after an earthquake, you should first try to remove the objects pressed above your abdomen; cover your mouth and nose with a towel or clothes to prevent asphyxiation from smoke; pay attention to preserving your strength, try to find food and water, create conditions for survival and wait for rescue.
I. Don't be anxious when a big earthquake occurs. Destructive earthquakes from people feel the vibration to the building was destroyed in an average of only 12 seconds, in this short period of time you should be based on the environment in which you quickly make choices to protect the safety. If you live in a bungalow, you can quickly run to the door. If you live in a building, do not jump off the building, you should immediately cut off the electric switch, turn off the gas, temporary shelter to the bathroom and other small span of the place, or tables, beds, etc., below the quake, and then quickly evacuate, in order to prevent a strong aftershock.
Second, the first to find a place to hide. Schools, stores, theaters and other places where people gather if the earthquake, the most avoid panic, should immediately hide in desks, chairs or solid objects under the earthquake and then evacuate in an orderly manner.
Three, away from the danger zone. If an earthquake in the street, should hand protect the head, quickly away from the building, to the center of the street. If the earthquake in the countryside, pay attention to stay away from cliffs, steep slopes, riverbanks and high-voltage lines. Are traveling cars and trains to stop immediately.
Four, buried to save strength. If the earthquake was unfortunately buried by the debris, try to stay calm and try to save yourself. If you can't get out of danger, save your strength, try to find water and food, create conditions for survival, and wait patiently for rescue.
V. Keep your cell phone and enough batteries on hand for backup.
Principles of emergency protection during earthquakes
Sheltering nearby during an earthquake and quickly evacuating to a safe place after an earthquake is a better way of emergency protection. The so-called nearby sheltering is to make different countermeasures according to the different situations in accordance with the local conditions.
How do school personnel avoid earthquakes?
In schools, what is most needed during an earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers. In areas where there are medium- and long-term earthquake forecasts, it is usually necessary to combine teaching activities to tell students about earthquakes and earthquake prevention and avoidance. Before the earthquake, arrange routes and sites for students to move and evacuate; after the earthquake, calmly direct students to evacuate in an orderly manner. In the more solid, safe houses, you can hide under the desks, podiums, students in the teaching building can go to small openings, there are pipes to support the room, never let the students run around or jump.
How can I take shelter when walking on the street during an earthquake?
When an earthquake occurs, glass shards from high-rise buildings and concrete debris on the outside of the building, as well as advertisement signs, tinplate, neon signs, etc., may fall and hurt people. Therefore, when walking on the street, it is best to put a purse or soft object on your head, or use your hands to protect your head when you don't have any object, and be as ready as possible for self-defense, and to be calm. The first thing you need to do is to get away from the poles and fences and run for cover in a more open area.
How do workers avoid earthquakes?
Workshop workers can hide in the car, machine tools and taller equipment, do not panic and run, special positions on the workers should first close the flammable and explosive, toxic gas valves, timely reduction of high temperature, high pressure pipeline temperatures and pressures, shut down the operation of equipment. Most of the personnel can be evacuated from the work site, under the premise of safety protection, a small number of personnel to stay at the scene at any time to monitor the danger, and timely handling of possible accidents, to prevent secondary disasters from occurring.
How should vehicles traveling during an earthquake respond to an emergency?
(1) the driver should slow down as soon as possible, and gradually brake the gate;
(2) passengers (especially on the train) should firmly grasp the handles, columns or seats, and pay attention to prevent luggage from falling off the racks and injuring people, face to face in the direction of the train, to lean their arms against the cushions of the seats in front of the face, protect their faces, the body tends to the channel, both hands to protect their heads; the back towards the direction of the car, to protect the back of the head, and lift the back of the head, to protect the head, and lift the back of the head, to protect the head. The back towards the direction of travel, to protect the back of the head, and raise the knees to protect the abdomen, tighten the body, make a good defense posture.
How do people in buildings respond to earthquakes?
Once an earthquake occurs, first of all, we should keep a clear, calm mind, timely identification of vibration conditions, never jump in panic, this is extremely important. Secondly, you can hide in the solid furniture, or the corner of the wall, can also be transferred to the more load-bearing walls, small openings in the kitchen, the toilet to take refuge for a while. Because these places have strong bonding force, especially the pipeline has been processed, has a better support, anti-seismic coefficient is larger. In short, the earthquake can be based on the layout of the building and indoor conditions, the time and situation, looking for safe space and channel to take refuge, reduce casualties.
How do I respond to an earthquake in a store?
When you encounter an earthquake in a department store, stay calm. As people are panicking, merchandise is falling, which may block the evacuation aisle. At this time, you should hide near the large columns and large products (avoiding the display cases), or towards the unobstructed passageway, and then crouch down and wait for the earthquake to subside. Being in the upstairs position, in principle, it is better to move to the ground floor. However, staircases are often the weakest part of a building against earthquakes, so it is important to look for the right time to get out of danger. Attendants should organize people to take shelter nearby and evacuate safely after the quake.
Self-help after the earthquake
Earthquakes such as being buried under the rubble, surrounded by darkness, only a very small space, you must not panic, to be calm, to establish the confidence to survive, believe that there will be people to save you, to protect themselves by all means.
After the earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, the situation may continue to deteriorate, in order to avoid new harm, to try to improve their own environment. At this point, an emergency kit will go a long way toward helping you get out of trouble.
In this extremely unfavorable environment, first of all, to protect the respiratory flow, move away from the head, chest debris, smell gas, poisonous gas, wet clothes and other things to cover the mouth, nose; avoid the body above the collapse of the non-structural objects and other easy to cause the fall of the object; expand and stabilize the survival space, with bricks, sticks, etc. to support the wreckage in case of an aftershock occurs, the environment is further deterioration.
Try to get out of danger. If you can't find a way out of danger, try to save your strength, use stones to knock on objects that can make noise, send out a call for help, don't cry, impatient and blind action, which will consume a lot of energy and strength, as far as possible to control their own emotions or close their eyes and rest, waiting for the rescue personnel to arrive. If you are injured, think about bandaging to avoid excessive bleeding.
Sustaining life. If buried under the rubble for a long time, the rescue workers have not arrived, or did not hear the call for help, we must think of ways to maintain their lives, water and food in the earthquake bag must save, try to find food and drinking water, if necessary, their own urine can also play a role in quenching thirst.
Post-earthquake mutual aid
After the earthquake, the outside world disaster relief teams can not immediately rushed to the scene of the disaster, in this case, in order to make more buried in the rubble under the people, to get a valuable life, the people of the disaster area actively involved in mutual aid, is to reduce casualties in the most timely and effective way, but also reflects the "save a person in distress", the noble virtues.
Rescue time is timely, the greater the hope of being rescued. According to relevant information, 20 minutes after the earthquake was rescued by the survival rate of more than 98%, one hour after the earthquake was rescued by the survival rate fell to 63%, 2 hours after the earthquake can not be rescued in the personnel, asphyxiation deaths accounted for 58% of the number of deaths. They are not in the earthquake due to the collapse of the building smashed to death, but the room interest death, such as timely assistance, it is entirely possible to get life. Hundreds of thousands of people were buried in the rubble of the Tangshan earthquake, and the people in the disaster area were able to regain their lives through self-rescue and mutual rescue for most of the buried people. Mutual rescue operations participated by the people in the disaster area played an irreplaceable role in the whole earthquake relief.
Post-earthquake rescue time to be fast
Post-earthquake rescue, and strive to time to be fast, accurate target, appropriate methods, mutual rescue team growing principle. Specific practices are: first save the near, whether it is family, neighbors, or strangers, do not seek far away; first save easy to save people, so that the rapid growth of the mutual aid team; first save the young and strong and medical personnel, so that they can give full play to their role in the disaster relief; first save the "life", and then save the "people". Tangshan earthquake in a rural woman, each save a person, only its head exposed to avoid suffocation, and then go to save another person, in a very short period of time so that dozens of people were saved.
Methods of rescuing people
Salvage methods should be based on the actual situation of the post-earthquake environment and conditions, and effective rescue methods should be adopted, with the aim of rescuing the buried people, safely from the rubble.
Through understanding, searching, and determining the ruins of the people buried, judging the location of its buried, to the ruins of shouting or knocking and other methods to pass the rescue signal.
Rescue process, pay special attention to the safety of the buried people. First, the use of tools (such as iron bars, hoes, sticks, etc.) do not hurt the buried people; Second, do not destroy the buried people in the space around the support conditions, causing a new collapse, so that the buried people in danger again; Third, it should be as soon as possible to communicate with the buried people of the closed space, so that the flow of fresh air, digging and grubbing, such as the dust is too large should be sprayed with water to reduce the dust to avoid suffocation of the buried people; Fourth, the buried time is longer, and difficult to rescue, can try to the buried people in the debris, but also to the buried people. Rescue, you can try to convey drinking water, food and medicine to the buried people to maintain their lives.
Before the rescue operation, there should be a plan and steps, where to dig, where not to dig, where to use a hoe, where to use a stick, should be considered.
There have been cases in the past where rescuers acted blindly and stepped on the roof over the heads of the buried people, smashing the buried people to death, so it is important to have a scientific analysis and action during the rescue process in order to receive a good rescue effect, and act blindly, which will often cause new injuries to the rescue object.
Rescue and care
First the head of the buried person, exposed from the debris, remove the dust in the mouth and nose to ensure that their breathing is smooth, for serious injuries, can not leave the buried place of the person, should try to carefully remove its body and the surrounding buried pressure, and then the buried person lifted out of the waste of emptiness, do not pull the hard drag.
The hunger and thirst, injury, suffocation is more serious, buried and long time personnel, be rescued with dark-colored cloth blindfolded to avoid bright light stimulation, the injured, according to the severity of the injury, to take the bandage or sent to the medical point of resuscitation treatment.
Shock avoidance points
Shock is to run or hide, most of our experts believe that: when the earthquake is close to the shelter, after the earthquake quickly evacuated to a safe place, is a better way to emergency shock avoidance. Should choose a strong indoor, can cover the body of the object under (beside), easy to form a triangular space, small openings, there is support for the place, the room is open, safe place.
The body should take the posture:
Volts and stay fixed, crouch or sit down, try to curl up the body, lower the center of gravity of the body.
Grab a firm object such as a table leg.
Protect your head, neck, and eyes, and cover your mouth and nose.
Avoid crowds, don't crowd and don't light open fires, as there may be flammable and explosive gases in the air.
School earthquake
The class is in session, the teacher under the command of the rapid head, eyes closed, hiding under their desks.
When you are in the playground or outdoors, crouch down in place, protect your head with both hands, and pay attention to avoiding tall buildings or dangerous objects.
Do not return to the classroom.
There should be an organized evacuation after an earthquake.
Do not jump from buildings! Do not stand outside the window! Do not go out on the balcony!
Classes should be held outside if necessary.
Home earthquake avoidance
Earthquake warning time is short, indoor earthquake avoidance is more realistic, and indoor housing after the collapse of the formation of a triangular space, often people survived the relative safety of the location, can be called earthquake space. This mainly refers to the space formed by the large collapsed body and the support.
Indoor places where triangular spaces can easily be formed are:
Below the edge of the bed, near sturdy furniture;
Roots and corners of interior walls;
Kitchens, toilets, storerooms, and other places with small openings.
Avoiding earthquakes in public *** places
Listen to the directions of the staff on the spot, don't panic, don't crowd towards the exits, avoid crowding, avoid the flow of people, and avoid being squeezed into walls or fences.
In theaters, gymnasiums, etc.:
Crouch down on the spot or lie down under the rows of chairs;
Attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and fans;
Protect your head with a school bag, etc.
Wait for the quake to pass, listen to the staff's instructions and evacuate in an organized manner.
In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibitions, subways, etc.:
Choose sturdy counters, merchandise (e.g., low furniture, etc.) or the side of columns, as well as inside corners, etc., and crouch down on the spot, protecting your head with your hands or something else; Avoid glass windows, doors, glass cabinets, or counters; Avoid tall, unstable shelves, or shelves containing heavy or fragile objects; Avoid billboards
Allow the staff to guide you.