A. timely disinfection, B. thorough disinfection, C. effective disinfection, D. avoiding secondary infection.
Answer analysis: a, b, c, d.
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Physical methods of disinfection and sterilization include heating, ionizing radiation, ultrasound, filtration, etc. Thermal sterilization: it can be divided into two categories: dry heat sterilization and wet heat sterilization. Dry heat sterilization includes incineration, cauterization, dry baking and infrared lamp. Wet heat sterilization includes pasteurization, boiling, circulating steam, step-by-step sterilization and high-pressure steam sterilization.
Physical methods of disinfection and sterilization include heating, ionizing radiation, ultrasound, filtration, etc.
Thermal sterilization; There are two types: dry heat sterilization and wet heat sterilization. Dry heat sterilization includes incineration, cauterization, dry baking and infrared lamp. Wet heat sterilization includes pasteurization, boiling, circulating steam, step-by-step sterilization and high-pressure steam sterilization.
Chemical disinfection and sterilization method: according to the different chemical structures and properties, disinfectants can be divided into enzymes, alcohols, heavy metal salts, oxidants, surfactants, alkylating agents, dyes, acids and bases.
Common chemical disinfectants:
Halogen compounds are effective disinfectants and disinfectants, which are used to disinfect water, food and facilities.
Iodophor is often used to disinfect the skin.
Phenolic compounds are powerful fungicides, which are usually used to disinfect articles, and mild phenolic compounds can also be used to sterilize skin and mucous membranes.
Alcohol dissolves cell membrane lipids, destroys cell protein, and generally plays an antibacterial role.
Hydrogen peroxide has bactericidal effect and is used for wound preservation and instrument disinfection. High concentration of hydrogen peroxide can kill spores.