National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China (PRC)
Communiqué on the Implementation Results of 1978 National Economic Plan
1June 27, 979
1978, under the leadership of the Chinese production party, people of all ethnic groups in China conscientiously carried out the general task in the new period, won great victories in the struggle to expose and criticize Lin Biao and the Gang of Four, and the national economy was rapidly restored and developed. New achievements have been made in industrial and agricultural production, transportation, capital construction and domestic and foreign trade; Science and technology, education, culture, health and sports have further developed. The total industrial and agricultural output value reached 568.98 billion yuan, accounting for10/0.9% of the annual plan, an increase of 12.3% over the previous year. On the basis of an increase of eight percent in 1977, the national income in 1978 increased by twelve percent.
The implementation of the plan of the main sectors of the national economy is as follows:
I. Industry
1978, the total industrial output value was 423 1 100 million yuan, exceeding the annual plan 1.6% and increasing by 13.5% over the previous year. Among the 80 main products, 68 products, such as steel, pig iron, steel, raw coal, crude oil, power generation, wood, cement, sulfuric acid, automobiles, cotton yarn, paper and sugar, exceeded the plan, while 12 products, such as trucks, fishing boats and televisions, failed to complete the plan.
The output growth of main products is as follows:
1978 output 1977 output 1978 ratio
In 1977, it increased by 10%.
22.08 million tons of steel 654.38+633,000 tons 35.2
Pig iron 34.79 million tons 25.05 million tons 38.9
3 1.78 million tons of steel, 23.74 million tons, 33.9
Raw coal 6180,000 tons 550 million tons 12.4
Crude oil104.05 million tons 93.64 million tons 1 1. 1.
The power generation is 256.55 billion kWh, 223.4 billion kWh, 14.8.
Wood 565438+600,000 cubic meters 49.67 million cubic meters 3.9
Cement slurry 65.24 million tons 55.65 million tons 65.438+07.2
Sulfuric acid 66 1 10,000 tons 5.375 million tons 23.0
Soda 65438+329000 tons1.7700 tons 23.4
Caustic soda 1.64 million tons 1.38 million tons 18.3
Fertilizer 8.693 million tons 7.238 million tons 2.065438+0
(Calculated by active ingredients)
Agricultural medicine 533,000 tons 457,000 tons 16.6
Ethylene 380,300 tons 302,700 tons 25.6
Plastic material 679,000 tons 524,000 tons 29.6
40,400 tons of chemicals 35,200 tons 14.8
Power generation equipment 4.838 million kilowatts 3 1.08 million kilowatts 52438+0
Machine tool183,000 sets199,000 sets -8.0
Cars 14.95438+0 million cars125,400 cars 18.9
Tractor 1 13500 99300 14.3.
There are 324,200 walking tractors and 320,500 tractors 1.2.
Internal combustion engine 28 1.8 million horsepower 274 1.8 million horsepower.
Locomotive 52 1 293 sets 77.8
Truck 16950 6396 165.0
Steel ship 865,900 tons 634,300 tons 3.655
Chemical fiber 284,600 tons 654.38+089,800 tons 49.9
Cotton yarn 1.328 million pieces 1.229 million pieces 8 1.
(2.38 million tons)
Cotton110.29 million meters101.51100 million meters 8.6
(65.438+0.0286 billion square meters)
Machine-made paper and paperboard 4.39 million tons 3.769 million tons 16.5
The sugar consumption is 2.267 million tons1810.6 million tons 24.8.
Raw salt 1.952 million tons 1.7 1 10,000 tons 1.4
Synthetic detergent 324 1 10,000 tons 257,200 tons 26.0
8.54 million bicycles 7.427 million 15.0
4.865 million sewing machines 4.242 million 14.7
Watches 1, 35 1, 000, 1, 1, 004,000, 22.4
—— 1978, industrial production increased faster than that of the previous year, the quality of most products improved, and the material consumption and product cost generally decreased. However, coal and electricity still cannot meet the needs of national economic development, and the production capacity of many industrial enterprises cannot be fully exerted. 43% of the quality indicators of major industrial products of key enterprises in China have not recovered to the best level in history; Fifty-five percent of the consumption indicators of fuel, power, raw materials and materials have not recovered to the best level in history. Among the enterprises owned by the whole people in the national industrial system, there are still 24% enterprises with different degrees of losses. Some industrial products have wrong specifications and unqualified quality, forming a backlog. The task of industrial adjustment and rectification is still arduous.
Second, agriculture.
1978, many areas in China suffered from severe drought. After the struggle of farmers, agricultural production still achieved a bumper harvest. The total agricultural output value was145.88 billion yuan, 2.7% higher than planned and 8.9% higher than the previous year. Among the 12 main agricultural products, grain is close to the plan, while jute, sugar cane and tea have completed and exceeded the plan. Rural sideline has developed rapidly.
The output growth of major agricultural products is as follows:
1978 output 1977 output 1978 ratio
In 1977, it increased by 10%.
Grain and non-staple food 304.75 million tons 282.72 million tons 7.8
Cotton flower 2 1.67 million tons 2.049 million tons 5.8
Oil 52 1.8 million tons 40 1.5 million tons 30.0
Sugarcane 2116000t17752000t 18.9
Sweet vegetables 2.702 million tons 2.456 million tons 10.0
Yellow and kenaf 1.088 million tons 86 1.26 million tons 4
Cocoon 228,000 tons 265,438+6,000 tons 5.6
Tea 268,000 tons 252,000 tons 6.3
30 1.28 million pigs, 29 1.78 million pigs, 3.3
Sheep 1699,40016,1360,000 5.3
Large livestock 93.89 million head 93.75 million head 0. 1
Aquatic products 4.66 million tons-4.7 million tons -0.9
1978, grain production increased substantially, which was unprecedented since the founding of the People's Republic of China. However, the per capita grain output level is still not high. The output of cotton, peanuts and sugar beet has not reached the best level in history. The development of animal husbandry is slow.
After the reorganization of state-owned farms, the output has increased greatly. 1978, grain output increased by 14%, cotton output increased by 19%, and oil output increased by 22%. Management has improved.
The national afforestation area reached 4.497 million hectares, 6.2% less than the 4.793 million hectares in 1977.
1978, the ownership of agricultural machinery and the use of chemical fertilizers in China increased significantly. Large and medium-sized tractors reached 557,000, an increase of 90,000 over the previous year; Walking tractors reached1370,000, an increase of 280,000 over the previous year; Agricultural irrigation and drainage power machinery reached 65.58 million horsepower, an increase of 5.53 million horsepower over the previous year. The quality of some agricultural machinery is poor, the repair work has not kept up, and the utilization rate is not high. On average, 89 kilograms of chemical fertilizer was applied per hectare of cultivated land, an increase of 25 kilograms over the previous year.
The accuracy of meteorological forecast has been improving continuously. The drought of 1978 was generally predicted by meteorological stations all over the country.
Three. infrastructure
1978, the fixed assets delivered for capital construction nationwide reached 35.6 billion yuan, an increase of 37% over the previous year.
Over the past year, 99 large and medium-sized projects have been completed and put into operation, and 297 single projects have been completed. A number of large and medium-sized projects have been completed and put into operation in major industrial fields.
1978, the residential area invested by the state and self-raised funds reached more than 37 million square meters, an increase of 33% over the previous year.
1978, the total capital investment of China was 47.9 billion yuan, including 39.5 billion yuan invested by the state and 8.4 billion yuan raised by itself.
At present, the main problems of capital construction are long front, many construction projects, scattered use of manpower and material resources and poor investment effect. The state invested 95% of the plan, but only 70% of large and medium-sized projects were completed and put into operation, and only 82% of single projects were completed and put into operation.
Among the newly-increased production capacity of 39 major products, there are 13 that have completed or exceeded the plan, including iron ore sintering, ironmaking, steelmaking, crude oil exploitation, sulfuric acid, caustic soda, chemical fertilizer, internal combustion engine manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, log mining and transportation, crude salt, new railway track laying, commercial oil depot, etc. 26 kinds of coal mining, steel rolling, iron ore mining, 8 kinds of non-ferrous metal mining, soda ash, chemical fiber and ethylene have not been completed.
1978, rapid progress has been made in geological exploration and new achievements have been made. The newly-increased reserves of iron, coal, copper, aluminum, phosphorus and pyrite 17 major minerals all exceeded the national plan. The proven new reserves include 2.3 billion tons of iron ore, 8 billion tons of coal, and more than 30 kinds of minerals such as rutile, niobium, tantalum, boron and silver. In the whole year, geological drilling footage15.54 million meters, and nearly 100 new mineral deposits were discovered. New achievements have also been made in offshore oil exploration and geological exploration.
Four. Transportation and post and telecommunications
1978, China's transportation, post and telecommunications industries developed rapidly. The national railway operating mileage reached more than 50 thousand kilometers, an increase of about 900 kilometers over the previous year; The mileage of highways opened to traffic was 890,000 kilometers, an increase of about 35,000 kilometers over the previous year; The length of civil aviation routes reached149,000 km, an increase of1.7,000 km over the previous year; Inland navigation mileage136,000 km.
With the development of production and construction, the turnover of goods has increased greatly. 1978, the turnover of railway goods was more than 530 billion tons kilometers, an increase of17% over the previous year; The turnover of road freight was 274 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year; The turnover of waterway cargo was 377.9 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 36.8% over the previous year; The turnover of air cargo was 97 million tons-kilometers, up by 27.8% over the previous year. The throughput of coastal and Yangtze ports was 280 million tons, up by 26.5% over the previous year.
1978, the total post and telecommunications business in China was11.70 billion yuan, an increase of 50 million yuan over the previous year.
Although the transportation situation has been greatly improved in 1978, the transportation capacity of some transportation hubs and the throughput capacity of ports are still not suitable for the development of national economy and foreign trade.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) domestic trade
1978, the purchase and sale of goods increased substantially. Total commercial purchases174 billion yuan, an increase of11%over the previous year. Among them, industrial products128 billion yuan, an increase of11%; Agricultural and sideline products reached 46 billion yuan, an increase of 1 1.3%. The total retail sales of social goods152.75 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3% over the previous year. The total retail sales of major consumer goods increased to varying degrees over the previous year. Pork increased by15% over the previous year; Sugar growth19%; Cotton increased by 4.3%; Various chemical fiber fabrics increased by13.9%; Machine-made paper increased by 20.5%; Coal increased by 4.5%. The retail sales of durable consumer goods such as bicycles, watches, sewing machines, radios and televisions are growing at a faster rate.
At present, although the commodity supply situation has improved, the supply of main non-staple foods is still relatively tight, and there are few varieties of daily industrial products, which cannot meet the requirements of people's growing living standards.
1978, except for some commodities such as dried fruits and vegetables, the market prices of important commodities such as grain and oil, meat, cloth and coal and people's daily necessities remained stable.
Foreign trade of intransitive verbs
1978, China's foreign trade developed rapidly. The total import and export trade in the year was 35.5 billion yuan, an increase of 30.3% over the previous year. Among them, exports16.76 billion yuan, an increase of 20%; Imports18.74 billion yuan, up by 4 1. 1%. Imports exceed exports1980 million yuan. 1978, non-trade income exceeded expenditure by 2 1 100 million yuan. The annual foreign exchange balance, a slight surplus.
1978, the performance rate of export contracts has been improved compared with the previous year. However, due to some problems in production and sales arrangement, delivery time, quality, variety, transportation and packaging, the performance rate of light industrial products, handicrafts and mechanical products is still low.
Seven. labor cost
At the end of 1978, the total number of employees in China reached 94.99 million, an increase of 3.87 million over the previous year. Among them, the actual number of employees in units owned by the whole people is 745 1 10,000, an increase of 2.55 million over the previous year; There are 20.48 million employees in urban collective ownership units, an increase of1320,000 over the previous year.
1978, the piecework wage and reward system was tried out in some enterprises, and year-end bonuses were generally distributed to all units. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 1977, some employees raised their wages, so the total wages increased a lot. The total wages of employees reached 56.9 billion yuan, an increase of 5.4 billion yuan over the previous year. Among them, the total wages of employees owned by the whole people was 46.9 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3 billion yuan over the previous year; Total wages of urban collective workers1000 billion yuan, an increase of 1 1 000 billion yuan over the previous year.
1978, the average wage of employees owned by the whole people was 644 yuan, an increase of 42 yuan over the previous year.
1978, the labor productivity of industrial enterprises owned by the whole people increased by 12.3% over the previous year.
Eight, science and technology, education, culture
1978, the number of natural science and technology personnel in China reached 5 1 1 10,000. There are 6,200 independent scientific research institutions at or above the county level, with 268,000 researchers. More than 600 major scientific and technological research achievements have been made nationwide. Comprehensive progress has been made in the scientific experiments of comprehensive utilization of Panzhihua, Baotou and Jinchuan, and industrial experiments are under construction. Through extensive cultivation experiments, we have a new understanding of the environmental adaptability of hybrid rice, and new development has been made in hybrid combination and seed production technology. The planting area of hybrid rice in China has reached more than 4.3 million hectares, with an average yield increase of more than 700 kilograms per hectare. China's first integrated circuit computer with 5 million operations per second was put into operation, and several devices and test instruments for producing large-scale integrated circuits were successfully trial-produced, and large-scale integrated circuits with high-speed random access memory were successfully developed. Many new materials such as copper-steel composite plate, synthetic mica, optical fiber panel, pure iron and many new catalysts such as petroleum refining and petrochemical industry have been successfully developed. The Ministry of Textile Industry has developed and popularized the spinning equipment for treating medium and long chemical fibers and the Quan Song continuous printing and dyeing finishing unit. Basic theoretical research in structural chemistry and pure mathematics. New great achievements have also been made.
After adjustment and rectification, the quality of education has been improved. There are 598 institutions of higher learning in China, an increase of nearly 200 over the previous year, with 850,000 students, an increase of 230,000 over the previous year, of which 400,000 were enrolled in that year, an increase of130,000 over the previous year. There are 880,000 students in secondary specialized schools, an increase of 200,000 over the previous year. There are 65.48 million middle school students. Pupils146.24 million. 7.87 million children are educated in kindergartens. There are 550,000 students in factory-run universities and amateur universities. There are more than 68 million amateur primary and secondary school students. College graduates165,000.
1978, 46 art films were produced in * * * all over the country, about double the previous year; 76 new art films were released and 375 art films were restored; There are more than110,000 projection units. There are more than 3 100 art performance groups and more than 600 plays in China. There are more than 2,700 cultural centers and 1256 libraries in China. There are radio stations 100, 487 transmitting stations and relay stations, and 66% farmers in rural areas have installed wired speakers. There are 32 TV central stations and 237 TV transmitting stations and relay stations. National and provincial local newspapers issued10.94 billion copies throughout the year, an increase of 3.8% over the previous year; Various magazines published 760 million copies, an increase of 36.3% over the previous year; Books were published in 4.26 billion copies, up by 28.9% over the previous year.
Nine. Health and sports
1978, there was a new development in health undertakings, and the number of hospital beds nationwide reached1850,000, an increase of 4.5% over the previous year. There are 2.46 million professional health technicians in China, an increase of 5.3% over the previous year. Among them, there are 250,000 Chinese medicine practitioners, 350,000 western medicine practitioners and 420,000 western medicine practitioners. About 80% of the production brigades in rural areas in China have implemented cooperative medical care, with more than 600,000 barefoot doctors.
1978, the sports technical level was improved. The athlete broke five world records; Break 166 national records. Mass sports activities are increasingly widely carried out, and more than 22 million teenagers have reached the national physical exercise standards; Sports meetings at or above the county level were held10.9 million times throughout the year.
X. population
At the end of 1978, the national population was 975.23 million. The natural population growth rate is 12%.
Note: The data of economic and cultural development in this bulletin does not include Taiwan Province Province. The national population includes Taiwan Province Province.