On the lifting machinery inspection problems and countermeasures in the analysis of the paper
The inspection of lifting machinery is very important, the inspector should strictly follow the inspection requirements and inspection procedures for lifting machinery inspection, to eliminate the omission of inspection, misdiagnosis and other situations, in order to protect the lives of the relevant personnel at the same time, to improve the safety of the lifting machinery working environment, so that it is a better service for the urban Construction services.
1 lifting machine profile and inspection requirements
1. 1 lifting machine profile
used for vertical lifting or vertical lifting and horizontal movement of heavy mechanical and electrical equipment is known as lifting machinery, including electric motors, couplings and other 11 components, the rated lifting capacity of the lifter for at least The scope of provisions for the rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 0.5t lifts; rated lifting capacity of not less than 1t, and lifting height of greater than or equal to 2m cranes and load-bearing forms of fixed electric hoist and so on.
Due to the lifting machinery on the material handling range of influence is very large, safety and quality issues are lifting machinery inspection of the important content, if these two work is not done, the light is caused by lifting machinery failures, affecting the progress of construction, or may result in a major special equipment safety accidents, resulting in loss of life and property. In addition, the main task of the lifting machine is to lift the goods and materials, loading and unloading, transportation, etc., and in the actual operation process, there is no fixed direction and path, lifting machinery loaded with the nature and shape of the goods and materials are different, even including flammable and explosive hazardous materials, coupled with external conditions and other uncertainties, such as rugged operating sites, extremely poor weather conditions, High-intensity production load, the safety of lifting machinery is facing a serious test, resulting in frequent safety accidents. It is worth noting that if the operator is in direct contact with the exposed moving parts, but also to the human body to bring serious injury, therefore, must be regularly on the lifting machinery to carry out all aspects of the inspection, found that the problem is resolved in a timely manner, to achieve safe production, safe use of equipment.
1. 2 lifting machinery inspection technology requirements
According to the different functions of the lifting machinery model is also a variety of different types of lifting machinery and equipment, each type of lifting machinery and equipment have their corresponding inspection technology requirements, but in the inspection process are carried out in accordance with the following principles: First of all, in the lifting machinery inspection, you need to familiarize yourself with the corresponding understanding of the inspection technology specification, using the inspection technology that meets the requirements of the inspection. First, before the inspection of lifting machinery, you need to read and understand the corresponding inspection specifications, the use of inspection techniques in line with the method of its inspection, and secondly, the need for lifting machinery in different locations of the components for an all-round inspection, check whether there is damage to the different types of parts and components, whether the function is effective and so on. Lifting machinery and equipment parts and complex, including electromagnets, hooks, suction cups, container lifting appliances, high strength screws, chains, wire rope sleeves, pulleys, reels, braking equipment, gears, anchor chains, wheels and safety hooks and so on. Secondly, the main stress components of the lifting machinery welding gap is also the focus of the inspection, take the welding gap, especially for the main girder cover plate, web and flange plate and other splicing places to carry out a careful and comprehensive inspection of the welding situation, to avoid cracking and other problems, once the problem occurs, with the relevant technical personnel to inform, and timely solution. For a long time in the friction effect of the use of parts, such as steel wire rope, lifting tools, pulleys, gears, etc. wear and tear consumption should also be in accordance with strict standards for inspection; for spare parts of the welded seams, specialized spare parts should be in accordance with the corresponding inspection standards and methods for inspection.
2 problems in the inspection of lifting machinery
2. 2 buffer and stop device does not match
In general, the crane manufacturer in the production process has been in the appropriate position of the crane end beams installed buffer, the use of the unit in the receipt of the goods only need to be welded and installed on the stop, but at present, the majority of manufacturers in order to pursue economic returns, the majority of manufacturers in order to pursue economic returns. Most manufacturers in pursuit of economic gains, only in the end of the rail track surface welding an ordinary iron plate to replace the stop device, this did not go through the standardized design of the strength of the check stop device, not only can not be realized with the buffer plate and buffer close fit, and, and its easy to collide with the wheel, when the collision amplitude of the larger wheels will have a huge impact on the wheels, resulting in deformation of the wheels to shorten the service life, the actual operation of the operation of the rail chewing, and the use of the cranes in the actual In the actual operation of the operation of the gnawing rail, long-term gnawing rail may lead to serious deviation derailment accidents.
2.2 Limiter failure
Limiters have travel limiters and rising limiters two kinds of lifting machinery is a very important safety device, with the gradual increase in the working time of the lifting machinery, the degree of wear and tear of the brake pads will become more and more serious, accompanied by the aging and the brake gap is too large and other issues, any of which will give the operating mechanism of the brake to bring about the impact of loosening, ultimately leading to the brake stopping distance, the brake stopping distance, the brake stopping distance, the brake stopping distance, the brake stopping distance, the brake stopping distance, the brake stopping distance. Loosening, ultimately leading to brake-stop distance becomes larger, will have an impact on the stroke limiter, leading to the failure of the stroke limiter, resulting in an over-travel accident. In addition, the human factor of negligent operation leads to impact on the upper limit when the speed is too large, improper operation of slanting hanging problems, resulting in changes in the movement path of the wire rope, by the tilt direction of the tension, the wire is easy to appear entangled resulting in slow action, jumping off, and ultimately lead to lifting machine limiters fail. Finally, the lifting machinery of the trolley brake is too tight, will lead to problems with the wire rope, limit screws, etc., is also prone to cause lifting machinery safety accidents. In the actual inspection process, the inspector is often easy to ignore the limiters of the inspection, for the occurrence of accidents buried hidden danger.
2.3 Electrical line problems
In general, the crane wants to complete the operation, must be controlled by a number of lines **** the same to complete, so the quality of the electrical line inspection is also a top priority. However, due to the intricate field conditions. For the electrical line whether to meet the national regulations, whether the electrical line is aging and other issues are difficult to be found.
3 measures to solve the problem of lifting machinery
First of all, in China's existing management system and related institutional conditions, gradually change the monopoly status of lifting machinery inspection, the introduction of competition, strong support for the opening of the lifting machinery inspection market, in the role of the competition mechanism will increase the lifting machinery inspection of the market competition. Inspection agencies in order to find a way out, is bound to improve the quality of inspection; Secondly, we must strictly establish and improve the market access system for lifting machinery inspection, for institutions that do not meet the standards, the company resolutely do not allow its entry into the market, the quality supervision department should also change the traditional concept of mind to improve the sense of service, convenience and benefit to the public, to promote the quality supervision department's service efforts and level of service, and to actively accept the supervision of the higher authorities to work with the Management of the relevant departments. Inspection agencies in the inspection process, once found unqualified lifting machinery and equipment, we must report the results to the relevant departments in a timely manner, unqualified report of the project must be comprehensive and accurate. Secondly, the supervision department should do a good job of supervision: so that the installation unit can be strictly in accordance with the installation specification requirements for their own, standardized installation of lifting machinery, timely to the relevant departments for the notification procedures in the completion of the installation of lifting machinery, in a timely manner to the inspection agency to apply for the inspection procedures. Inspection agency received the application of the installation unit, should be based on the actual situation as soon as possible on the lifting machinery inspection, inspection is completed, the inspection report should be issued in a timely manner to the relevant inspection departments to report the results of the inspection and the existence of problems. If there are problems with the lifting machinery, the relevant monitoring department should promptly urge the unit to rectify. Third, improve the inspection level of inspectors to ensure that each lifting equipment inspection can be effectively standardized. Fourth, the establishment of relevant systems to encourage enterprises to install inspection, construction units in the installation should be strictly in accordance with the installation specifications for installation, inspection links should not only be done on each lifting machine to standardize the inspection, but also for the various components should be carried out a comprehensive and detailed inspection, to avoid negligence due to the emergence of the inspection of safety accidents caused by the negligence. Through the inspection of lifting machinery, timely detection of problems, to avoid the occurrence of lifting machinery safety accidents, to enhance the safe use of lifting machinery has a guiding role.
4 Conclusion
In the process of modernization, lifting machinery in the promotion of economic construction plays a pivotal role, along with its role at the same time, but also lurks a lot of safety hazards. Only the installation of enterprises to enhance safety awareness, lifting machinery inspection agency to standardize the inspection work, improve the inspection capacity and level of supervision and management agencies to strengthen the supervision and management, in order to fundamentally find hidden dangers to eliminate hidden dangers, to ensure that the economic development at the same time, and more importantly, respect for each person's life, for the maintenance of social stability to do their small part.
;