Date of birth: 1820 May 12
Death: 19 10 August 13.
Place of birth: England
Occupation: nurse
Florence nightingale is British. She was born in Florence, Italy on May 1820, and her parents named her after this city. 19 10 years, she died in her sleep. She was born in a well-known wealthy family and was educated in the family since childhood. Her father is a learned and educated man. He provided her with education in classical books, mathematics, philosophy and language. Her mother is very dissatisfied with her because she has no plans to get married. She chose to be a nurse among housewives, writers and nurses. /kloc-one day in 0/837, the nightingale thought she heard the voice of God and asked her to complete a task. Since childhood, she has often taken care of patients and disabled people in nearby villages and taken care of her relatives to alleviate the suffering of patients. Her parents opposed her becoming a nurse, thinking that it would damage her family honor. But feudal consciousness and social influence never made her lose confidence in nursing work.
In her day, no one of status was a nurse. Nurses are often ignorant, rude, alcoholic and untrained women. She took advantage of the opportunity to go to Europe to learn about nursing work in various places. Finally, she chose Kaiserworth Hospital, where she attended the four-month short-term training course 185 1, and finally realized her dream of studying as a nurse. During her study, she personally realized that nursing work must pay many efforts in order to relieve the pain and give spiritual comfort to patients. From 65438 to 0844, she set out from England and began to travel on the European continent, covering France, Germany, Belgium, Italy and other countries and visiting hospitals in various countries. 1850, regardless of her family's objection, she resolutely went to Waite, Kaysers for nursing training. Her intelligence was discovered, and she was hired by 1853 as the director of the London Women's Patient Care Association.
From 65438 to 0853, she was the director of London Women's Hospital. The following year, when the Crimean War broke out, she left London for Crimea with 38 suitable women at the invitation of the government on June/KOOC-0/854+/KOOC-0/October 2/KOOC-0/.
In Crimea, Nightingale found it difficult to work: military leaders doubted her work, hospitals were short of materials, and nurses had poor discipline. Faced with all kinds of difficulties, she focused on rectifying the rules and regulations. Due to the support from all sides, the hospital supply has improved; Careful nursing saved the lives of many soldiers. To show their gratitude, the soldiers stopped cursing and being rude. In the dead of night, nightingale was patrolling the ward with an oil lamp, and the soldiers were lying in bed kissing her figure lying on the wall. She should also pay attention to whether the wounds of the soldiers have been changed and whether they have received proper diet. She comforted the seriously ill and urged the soldiers to write home and send the rest of the money to help their families. She also sent hundreds of letters to the families of the fallen soldiers. In a short time, she became a legend among soldiers, and at the same time, the whole Britain also knew "Mrs. Lantern". During her short six months in Crimea, the death rate of soldiers dropped from 50% to 22%.
Nightingale suffered from Crimean fever in Crimea, and she continued to work until her health fully recovered. /kloc-in October, she returned to Britain as the last evacuee. After returning to England, she was extremely tired, but soon, she continued to be busy with the military health work returned by the Royal Special Investigation Committee. Therefore, although 1855 funded the funds for running a nursing school in many ways, she could not start running a nursing school immediately. She believes that nursing schools must be integrated with hospitals. Finally, she chose St. Thomas Hospital in London as her school base, and Nightingale Nursing Training School opened on 1869.
Nightingale Nursing School started with 15 females, aged between 25 and 35, and the training time was one year. Students' accommodation, uniforms and tuition fees are all free, and a grant of 10 is given every year. The school was entrusted to the nursing director of St. Thomas Hospital, and Nightingale had only been to the school twice. But she has been paying attention to the development of the school. The hospital nursing director has been asking her for instructions and reporting everything about the school. Nurses and head nurses often interview at nightingale's house. 1860, florence nightingale established the world's first formal nursing school, florence nightingale Nursing School, at St. Thomas Hospital in England with the florence nightingale Fund of 4400 pounds donated by the public. Subsequently, we began to train midwives and nurses in the workhouse. She made outstanding contributions in hospital management, military health care, nurse education and training, and was praised as the founder of modern nursing education by later generations. She also put forward the idea of public health care, arguing that preventive medical services should be provided through community organizations. She has trained 1000 nurses in her life. The main works "Hospital Notes" and "Nursing Notes" have become the basic teaching materials for hospital management and nurse education. It has promoted the development of nursing work and nurse education in western European countries and even the world. Because of her efforts, nursing has become a science. 190 1 year, florence nightingale became blind due to overwork. 1907, the king of England issued an order to award Florence Nightingale the Medal of Merit, becoming the first woman in British history to accept this highest honor. After her death, according to her will, there was no state funeral.
Despite her poor health, nightingale lived to be 90 years old. Until the age of 80, she continued to engage in nursing. She kept reading and writing reports, giving suggestions on hospital construction, meeting people who wanted to discuss their work with her, meeting nurses and asking about their work. Nurses who graduated from Nightingale Nursing School went to various countries to help improve hospital care. Nightingale was very happy to hear about the progress made in nursing.
Nightingale's greatest achievement is the establishment of nursing specialty, but its influence goes far beyond this. In the early Victorian era, women learned very little outside the housekeeper, and few women's achievements were becoming ladies. Nightingale's achievement is that women have the ability to do more things. She didn't emphasize gender equality. She has done a lot for women and won the freedom she enjoys today.
Ms. nightingale devoted her life to nursing with the noblest dedication and struggled for it all her life. The British regard her as the pride of Britain, and set up a bronze statue for her in London, and printed her bust on the back of the British 10 banknote (the bust of Queen Elizabeth II is on the front). Longfellow (1807-1882), a great American poet, wrote poems for her, praising her noble spirit and being a hero in the female world. Now the whole world commemorates her with May 12 as the International Nurses' Day. Nightingale is listed as one of the great men in the world and is respected by people. Ms. nightingale has a kind and loving heart since she was a child. She loves life, and the small animals at home are injured. She bandaged it carefully. Nightingale has lofty ideals, and thinks that the real meaning of life lies in doing something beneficial to mankind. Being a good nurse is her only long-cherished wish in this life.
19 12 approved the establishment of the nightingale medal at the 9th International Red Cross Conference held in Washington, D.C., in order to reward nurses, volunteer assistants, activists and regular supporters of the Red Cross or medical units affiliated to the Red Cross in relevant countries, and to commend their selfless service, special dedication and outstanding achievements in courage for people who are injured, sick, disabled or threatened in wartime or peacetime.
The Nightingale Prize Fund was pledged by the Red Cross Societies of various countries. Under normal circumstances, it will be awarded once every two years, with a maximum of 50 pieces each time.
International Nurses Day
19 12 The International Council of Nurses proposed that hospitals and nursing schools all over the world take 12 Nightingale's birthday as the International Nurses' Day to commemorate the British pioneer of nursing and the founder of human nursing.
May 12 is the same holiday for nurses all over the world. Commemorative activities are being held all over the world to encourage nurses to carry forward the glorious tradition of nursing, treat every patient with "love, patience, care and responsibility" and do a good job in saving lives.
The most unique function of nursing work is to help patients and healthy people prevent diseases, relieve pain, restore health or promote health. It is a subject that integrates science, ethics and art, so nurses must constantly enrich themselves and cultivate their professionalism and optimistic and enterprising spirit.
With strong dedication and high sense of responsibility, the "angels in white" on the nursing front selflessly dedicated their sincere love to every patient, studied and carried forward the spirit of Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, and "burned themselves and illuminated others".
Nightingale medal
The Nightingale Medal established by 19 12 is the highest honor award in the international nursing field. It was named after florence nightingale, the founder of nursing career and modern nursing education.
19 12 approved the establishment of the nightingale medal at the 9th International Red Cross Conference held in Washington, D.C., in order to reward nurses, volunteer assistants, activists and regular supporters of the Red Cross or medical units affiliated to the Red Cross in relevant countries, and to commend their selfless service, special dedication and outstanding achievements in courage for people who are injured, sick, disabled or threatened in wartime or peacetime.
The Nightingale Prize Fund was pledged by the Red Cross Societies of various countries. Under normal circumstances, it will be awarded once every two years, with a maximum of 50 pieces each time.
Ye Xin, Li Xiaohong, Deng Lianxian and others won this medal.
Nightingale's story
Nightingale f1820 ~1910) is British. Born in Florence, Italy, he has a well-off family, received higher education, read many literary classics, is familiar with history, philosophy, mathematics and religion, is good at music and painting, and is proficient in English, French, German and Italian. When I was young, I gradually became interested in nursing because I often helped my father's old friend (a doctor) to care for patients carefully. She visited hospitals and charities in Germany, France, Greece and other places, which enriched her reading ability and strengthened her determination to engage in nursing. She taught herself nursing knowledge and actively participated in the discussion of social welfare, children's education and improving hospital facilities by the Medical Association. 1850, went to Germany to study nursing at the age of 30, and went to Paris to study nursing organization at the age of 33. After returning to China, he served as the director of nursing in a hospital in London. August 1853, 12 With the support of charity committee, Florence Nightingale set up a nursing home atNo. Harley Street 1 in London and began to show her ambition. She took many measures, which surprised people at that time. If the patient is asked to ring the bell and a winch is set in the kitchen to deliver food to the patient, she emphasizes that "any woman, regardless of her faith or wealth, can accommodate her illness …" She shows extraordinary ability in her work and everyone listens to her.
1853, the Crimean war broke out between Britain, France and Russia. At the beginning of the war, the medical conditions of the British army were very poor. The death rate of the wounded is as high as 42%. When these facts were disclosed by the media, they caused an uproar in China. At the request of the British government, Nightingale led 38 nurses to the front. With her ideals and ambitions, she developed the modern nursing career on her own in the front line. It was a very difficult challenge for a 35-year-old woman at that time. At that time, female nurses called "Srsters" appeared in advanced European countries, but due to religious and social prejudice, Britain has always opposed the emergence of female nurses in hospitals, especially field hospitals. So there was no female nurse service in the army in the past. Nightingale fully demonstrated her talents in all aspects at the front. She used her position and prestige to break through the obstacles of the military authorities. I took out my own 30,000 pounds to buy medicines and medical equipment for the hospital, reorganized the hospital, established and improved the living environment and nutritional conditions of the wounded, and reorganized the operating room, canteen and laboratory, which quickly changed the face of the battlefield hospital. The field hospital, which can only accommodate 1700 wounded, received 3000 ~ 4000 wounded after her arrangement. Here, her management and organization can be brought into full play. Six months later, great changes have taken place in field hospitals, and the death rate of the wounded has dropped rapidly from 42% to 2%. This miraculous remarkable nursing effect shocked the whole country, changed the evaluation of nurses in the British government and the public, and improved the status of women. Since then, nursing has attracted social attention. The importance of nursing work is also recognized by people. At the same time, it also opened up and created a lofty cause for women. Nightingale made great efforts to this end, and she established a nurse patrol system. Every night, she always carries lanterns to patrol the ward, and the distance of one night patrol is more than 7 kilometers. Nightingale worked more than 20 hours a day, and overwork made her suffer from lifelong illness. After many soldiers returned to England, Nightingale's achievements in field hospitals were compiled into pamphlets, and countless poems were circulated everywhere. There is a poem that is still recited when British soldiers meet again 50 years later. In the poem, Florence Nightingale is called "the protector and patron saint of the injured". She has no selfish interests and a pure heart. Miss Nightingale is God's greatest blessing to us.
Marx and Nightingale, revolutionary instructors, were contemporaries. He admired nightingale's courage and dedication and was moved by it. He wrote two enthusiastic newsletters, which were published in German New Ode and American new york Tribune respectively, and let the world know this great woman. Florence nightingale's great contributions are as follows: First, she founded the first formal nursing school in the world. Florence nightingale left the front line after the war of 1856+0 1. After returning home, she had no time to take care of her tired and weak body, and immediately set out to write a book and devoted herself to the intense work of running a nursing school. Her works and more than 65,438+000 papers have been regarded as important contributions to nursing education and hospital management for many years.
1On June 24th, 860, she used the huge sum of money donated by people from all walks of life in Britain as the "Nightingale Fund" and established the "Nightingale Nurse Training School" at St Thomas Hospital in London. St Thomas Hospital was established in 12 13, and enjoys a long-standing reputation in Britain. The difference between this hospital and other hospitals is that it has never been controlled by religion. This school, regarded by later generations as the first formal nursing school in the world, aims at taking nursing as a scientific profession and testing a new non-religious school. She made clear regulations on school management, student selection, curriculum arrangement, practice and performance evaluation, formally established a nursing education system, and created a great cause of modern nursing specialty. This is an unprecedented contribution to all mankind. Because of this, she should be praised as a pioneer of nursing career by future generations. She deeply felt that it was extremely difficult to train nursing talents, so she formulated two principles: first, nurses should not just do "scrubbing" work; Secondly, don't be a head nurse and teach others unless you are trained.
Nightingale's plan and basic principle for the school are: "Nurses must receive technical training in specially organized hospitals, and nurses must live in school dormitories that are adapted to improving morality and observing discipline." She drafted the "Daily Report of Students' Conduct and Academic Achievements". 187 1 year, the new building of St. Thomas hospital was completed, and the nightingale nursing school was also expanded. She advocates that schools should become nurses' homes and training places for morality, religion and practice. All the students live on campus, with nuns as housekeepers, encouraging them to read books, attend Bible classes and listen to music to cultivate their interests. She wants her students to be absolutely loyal and enthusiastic, diligent and ethical to professional nursing. There are 15 students in the first class of this school. By 1890, after more than 30 years of nursing education, 1005 students have been trained. Most excellent students are employed by hospitals in Britain, America and Asia to set up nursing schools.
Nightingale's students are all over the major hospitals in Britain, far away from Britain. At the same time, nightingale-style nursing schools have been established in Europe and America. The curriculum and organization management of "Nightingale Nurse Training School" has become a model for many nursing schools in Eurasia. With the increase of trained nurses, the nursing career has developed rapidly, which is called the Nightingale era internationally. Before nightingale's nursing reform, nursing work was regarded as a lowly occupation, which was not respected by people and the salary was very low. She cooks three meals a day alone in the ward. At that time, the image of British nurses was a vulgar and conservative woman, ignorant, dirty, drunk and rude. She is notorious in the hospital and can't perform any medical tasks, but her status is only slightly higher than that of a domestic nanny. At that time, most of the wards in the hospital were a large unified room, and the beds were closely connected and messy. The walls and floors are covered with blood and stains, and the smell is unpleasant. This bad phenomenon is almost the same everywhere.
The significance of Nightingale's nursing training is to let the whole society know that nursing work is a kind of "technology" and raise it to the status of "specialized occupation", so Nightingale is called "the founder of modern nursing work", which is the natural result of nurses' superior moral character, improved social status and increased salary. There are three main ways for nightingale to accomplish and improve these tasks, namely, setting an example, writing books, preaching and practicing in person.
Since nightingale's time, nursing practice education has been regarded as the main content of nursing specialty. From the19th century, the formulation of nursing operation standards, tasks and work contents of nurses were discussed. Developing nursing career in the front line; Reform the British military medical system; The establishment of modern nursing education, the treatment of the wounded in the Franco-Prussian War and the establishment of the International Red Cross all benefited from nightingale's assistance and support. Nightingale's achievements are very famous in Britain. Europe and America also admit that she is an expert in nursing. 186 1 year, during the American civil war, the union army wanted to ask her to help set up a hospital to treat wounded soldiers, and she provided relevant US military combat medical system and statistical data. After the war, the Christian Union of America sent a special thank-you letter. Since then, whenever countries have major medical problems and plans, she is always the first person to be consulted. Although her work is like a mountain, she has always maintained close contact and concern for nursing education and nursing work. She once helped the nursing home of Liverpool Reformatory for the Poor establish a nursing system and sent her proud disciple and 12 professional nurses to work.
1863 The naming and classification of diseases in Britain are confusing, and hospitals in different places are fragmented. Nightingale developed a standard model of medical statistics, which was adopted by hospitals in Britain one after another and was recognized as a great contribution.
Second, nightingale's contribution and influence on modern nursing. Nightingale believes that the concept of nursing is "to protect people's health and take care of patients to make them in the best condition." 1859 65438+February, she wrote in her nursing notes that "we didn't have a better language to express the word nursing, so we used the word' nursing'". As soon as the book was published, it was regarded as "the first important work" and "an epoch-making rare work" by celebrities in the medical and health circles. Nursing notes have become a classic that nurses must read. It is very popular not only in Britain, but also in America. Later, as a teaching material for nursing schools, it was translated into many foreign languages and distributed. The book brilliantly points out the social, biological and spiritual influence of nursing work on self. Based on facts, data and observation, she summarized working principles, experiences, laws and training methods. She made an important contribution to nursing science. She pointed out that "what nurses should do is to put patients in the best condition and let their bodies recover on their own", put forward the earliest and most common concept of nursing essence, and established the beginning of nursing specialization. She stressed that nurses should be held by people with good moral character and noble dedication, and asked nursing students to be "obedient, temperate, neat and loyal". She not only attaches importance to nursing education, but also attaches importance to the moral education of nurses. Every year, she selects 15 ~ 30 students from1000 ~ 2,000 applications for admission. She selected most of the students. Conditions are educated, enterprising, quick thinking, dexterity, strong judgment, a certain degree of education and religious beliefs. She thinks these qualities and conditions are suitable for becoming a nurse. She asked women to be "true, honest and solemn" and said, "Without these three things, nothing can be done."
Nightingale believes that nursing should not only be carried out in hospitals, but also preventive medicine should be organized through communities. At the same time, she pointed out: "Home care needs to educate nurses more than well-equipped hospitals or sanatoriums, how to improve living conditions according to patients' conditions, carry out home health care and disease prevention education, and demonstrate how to care for patients at home. She stressed that special training schools should also be established to do a lot of home care work. With her encouragement, she initiated modern family nursing in the field of public health, which greatly enriched the content of nursing.
Nightingale believes that disease is a "repair process". She also believes that in order to maintain or restore health, treat or prevent diseases, nursing should create a good environment for patients, distinguish between nursing patients and nursing diseases, and treat patients as a whole. Nightingale, as the director of London Women's Hospital, clearly pointed out that nurses should not only treat patients, but also do the following nursing work, such as making wards fresh, comfortable, clean and quiet, doing well in life care, diet care and increasing nutrition. Specific requirements and standards are put forward for patients' diet, sunshine, ward air and absolute quiet environment. She attaches great importance to the psychological factors in the process of patient care, and even requires "social workers, priests and managers to work together to care for patients." In the nursing memorandum, she emphasized the importance of observation and expounded the necessity of targeted work and basic nursing behavior.
Nightingale pointed out the architectural deficiencies of many hospitals, and thought that the first condition of hospital architectural design was not to bring harm to patients, and emphasized that hospital architecture should first consider the comfort, layout, welfare and hygiene of patients, not its luxury. According to the survey data, she made a more detailed demonstration on the environmental sanitation management, ward construction, furnishings, number of beds, cleaning equipment and the difficulty of work and management layout of the hospital. 1859, Nightingale completed a Hospital Digest, which put forward revolutionary theories on hospital architecture and hospital management. She emphasized that good building, sanitation and management can make patients get better care. She put forward new views on ward management and changed the concept of nursing. This book had great influence and impact at that time, and was regarded as an authoritative statement and model of hospital reform. Many nurses at home and abroad have bought them in succession. Nursing has been developing continuously for more than 100 years since nightingale went to school. Nursing in the 20th century is very different from that founded by Nightingale. The knowledge structure, purpose, object and role of nurses have changed greatly. However, nightingale's understanding and improvement of nursing work, as well as his insightful and original views, still have far-reaching influence and guiding significance at that time and now.
19 10 In August, Nightingale died suddenly in her sleep at the age of 90. Throughout her life, throughout the Victorian era, she made superhuman contributions to the creation of nursing career. She devoted all her life to the reform and development of nursing and achieved brilliant achievements that attracted worldwide attention. All these make her an outstanding and great woman admired and praised by the world in the19th century. In order to commemorate her achievements, in 19 12, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) proposed that hospitals and nursing schools all over the world hold commemorative activities on Florence Nightingale's birthday on May 12 every year, and change May 12 to International Nurses' Day to remember and commemorate this great woman.
In the history of China and foreign countries, there are not many figures, especially female figures, who can overcome all difficulties and establish special achievements with persistent beliefs. Nightingale, the originator of modern nursing and the founder of modern nursing specialty, is the most representative great woman.