The more seriously polluted are the upper reaches of the Wufosi, Shizuishan, Udaqiao River section and the middle reaches of the Longmen-Sanmenxia River section, of which the most seriously polluted is the Tongguan River section, the water quality category throughout the year for the class V, inferior class V [1]. From Tongguan to Gaocun section, is the Yellow River flowing through the section of Henan Province, Tongguan into the Henan Province, the water quality of Category V, to Sanmenxia became Category IV, flowing through Xiaolangdi for Category III, to Huayuankou became Category IV, in Puyang section is still Category IV, in the Gaocun section for Category IV. And the water quality of the tributaries in Henan Province is almost all inferior to five categories.
The main pollutants in the Yellow River water body are ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenols and other oxygen-depleting organic substances, while the pollution of toxic and harmful organic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, mercury, hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium and other heavy metals are also more serious.
The Yellow River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources recently tested and analyzed the water quality of the Yellow River and found that pollution in the river has rebounded since the second quarter of this year.
In January this year, the bureau in the national regulations along the Yellow River pollution sources to achieve discharge deadline arrived, the Yellow River trunk and tributaries of the key sections of the river to meet the standards of supervisory monitoring, the results show that the key sections of the river water quality has improved significantly, to meet the national provisions of the three types of water standards above the proportion of the river section by 38.6% to 45.5%, four to five types of water the proportion of the river section by 45.5% down to 38.6%. The proportion of four to five categories of water decreased from 45.5 percent to 38.6 percent. However, after entering the second quarter, the water quality of the Yellow River deteriorated significantly. The proportion of the key sections of the river to reach the water quality of more than three types of only 14%, 31.5% less than the standard, four to five types of water sections increased by 12.5%, and has lost the function of the water body worse than the five types of water sections of the river amounted to 35%.
In order to find out the truth, recently, the Yellow River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau of the organization's investigation team, went to Henan, Shaanxi, Jin and other provinces along the river to make unannounced visits, and found that some polluting enterprises "up to the standard" and then secretly discharged.
According to the inspection team responsible for Li Yuhong introduction, in Shanxi Ruicheng County, a chemical plant into the yellow sewage outfall, they saw the sewage here was blackish-brown, sampling and testing found that the sewage COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) indicators up to 4,900 milligrams / liters, exceeding the national standard 48 times. They entered the factory raids, found that the company invested 4 million yuan to install sewage treatment equipment is not running, sewage discharged directly into the Yellow River, while the local environmental protection department issued by the discharge certificate is hanging on the wall. In Sanmenxia, Henan Province, a chemical fiber factory outfall, inspectors also found a similar situation.
The inspectors also found that some shuttered small paper mills and small chemical factories were "shut down but not dead", and secretly turned on their machines to produce when they had the chance. Along the Fen River in Shanxi, they saw that there was no more natural runoff in the river, and the Fen River had become a big "sewage ditch." In Hancheng, Shaanxi Province, inspectors saw some small coke plants being built. It is understood that some areas along the Yellow River to take advantage of the country to strengthen water pollution control of the Huaihe River and Taihu Lake Basin, a large number of shut down the "five small" enterprises, the opportunity to buy equipment at low prices, on the many "five small" industry, to take over the "pollution baton! ".
According to the Yellow River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau comrades, with the massive increase in the population of cities along the Yellow River, urban sewage discharge has become another important source of pollution in the Yellow River. At present, among the large and medium-sized cities along the Yellow River, only Xi'an, Taiyuan． Baotou, Lanzhou, Hohhot and other nearly ten cities have sewage treatment plants, the entire Yellow River Basin urban sewage treatment rate of only 8%. Take the medium-sized city of Sanmenxia as an example, it discharges 50,000 tons of urban sewage every day, which is directly discharged into the Yellow River without any treatment. In Sanmenxia City, many people feel that the tap water has an odor, so they have to spend money to buy the neighboring areas of the well water, spring water to eat, thus appearing "guarding the Yellow River to buy water to eat" the strange phenomenon.
The Yellow River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau of Supervision and Administration, Shang Xiaocheng told reporters that the pollution rebound to make the quality of the Yellow River water was not good worse, not only affects the water supply security of the cities along the river, but also on the entire Yellow River Basin ecological environment has a potential impact.
Earlier this year, the Yellow River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau organized an expert group to quantify and analyze the status and hazards of water pollution in the Yellow River, and found that nearly 40% of the water quality of the mainstem of the Yellow River is inferior to five, basically losing the function of the water body. With economic development, the amount of waste sewage discharged in the Yellow River Basin has doubled to 4.4 billion cubic meters compared to the 1980s, and pollution incidents continue to occur. The vast majority of the upper reaches of the Yellow River tributaries are subject to varying degrees of pollution, while the middle and lower reaches of almost all the tributaries of the water quality is always in the poor five categories, tributaries into the "sewage river".
Wuliangsuhai total drainage is the Inner Mongolia Bayannur city territory to the Yellow River, a major drainage channel. The reporter saw in this total trunk along the distribution of many paper, coking and other enterprises, these highly polluting enterprises of different sizes, once the environmental protection facilities are out of operation or no treatment facilities, a large number of pollutants will be discharged directly into the Yellow River, affecting the downstream water supply security.
Earlier this year, the Baotou section of the Yellow River suffered unprecedented serious to volatile phenols as a representative of the pollution, volatile phenols, ammonia nitrogen and other exceeded the standard by several times to dozens of times, due to the production of Baotou City, the main source of water from the Yellow River, more than 1.2 million people can only be hard to drink "bitter water". Reporters in Baotou City Environmental Protection Bureau reported to the National Bureau of information to see, caused by the Yellow River volatile phenol pollution is the main source of the Uliangsuhai total emissions of emissions, and ammonia nitrogen pollution mainly from Ningxia and Baotou.
Industrial pollution has always been the "bane" of the Yellow River water pollution. From Qinghai, through Gansu, Ningxia, to Inner Mongolia, the Yellow River along the energy, heavy chemicals, non-ferrous metals, paper and other highly polluting industrial enterprises, resulting in a large number of pollutants, including COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), ammonia, heavy metals, permanganate index, and volatile phenols. Due to the environmental protection facilities investment, high operating costs, along the yellow key sources of pollution is still relatively serious phenomenon of stealing emissions, and some "fifteen small", "new five small" enterprises are many and extensive, it is difficult to eradicate.
Baiyin City, Gansu Province, interviews, the local environmental protection department cadres to guide the reporter viewed across the city straight into the Yellow River East ditch, the natural flood drainage ditch has now become a sewage ditch. People have not yet got off, the ditch sewage emanating from the stench on the face of pungent, red acidic wastewater in the river flowing slowly, next to the branch fork of the ditch is also injected from time to time into a small green water flow, the ditch beach soil erosion by sewage, showing the color of metallic copper.
Baiyin City, cadres of the Environmental Protection Bureau said that the East Ditch along the 8, 9 polluting enterprises, including domestic sewage, including nearly 50,000 cubic meters of wastewater discharged into the Yellow River every day, the largest source of pollution from the smelting plant of the Baiyin Nonferrous Metals Company, which operates more than 40 years of old copper smelting enterprises, equipment, serious deterioration, although by the state, Gansu Province, the relevant departments of the many deadlines for the management of the so far there is no effect, now there are more than 8,000 per day. Effect, there are now more than 8,000 cubic meters of acidic wastewater discharged directly into the Yellow River every day, and the content of heavy metals in the wastewater, such as copper, lead, zinc, arsenic, etc., exceeds the national standard dozens of times to thousands of times." Baiyin District, the original most important source of drinking water for residents is located in the lower reaches of the East Dagou, from the mouth of the Yellow River is only more than 200 meters, and now the water here because of the purification of water quality is difficult to meet the standard, has stopped to the city water supply."