Narrowly speaking, blockchain is a distributed ledger that combines blocks of data in chronological order into a chained data structure that is cryptographically guaranteed to be tamper-proof and unforgeable.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that utilizes block-chained data structures to verify and store data, distributed node**** knowledge algorithms to generate and update data, cryptography to secure data transmission and access, and automated scripting code to program and manipulate data through smart contracts.
Infrastructure
Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of a data layer, a network layer, a *** knowledge layer, an incentive layer, a contract layer and an application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks as well as related data encryption and timestamps and other basic data and basic algorithms; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism; the *** knowledge layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of *** knowledge algorithms of the network nodes; the incentive layer integrates the economic factors into the blockchain technology system, which mainly includes the issuance mechanism of the economic incentives and the distribution mechanism, etc.; the contract layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, and the contract layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts. etc.; the contract layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of the blockchain; and the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the *** knowledge mechanism of distributed nodes, the economic incentives based on *** knowledge computing power, and the flexible and programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.
Blockchain core technology
Blockchain mainly solves the problem of trust and security of transactions, so it puts forward four technological innovations for this problem:
1. Distributed ledger, that is, the transaction bookkeeping is completed by multiple nodes ****simultaneously in different places, and each node records a complete account, so that they can all participate in supervising the transaction legitimacy, but also can **** the same testimony for it.
The uniqueness of the blockchain's distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, each node of the blockchain stores complete data in accordance with the block-chain structure, and the traditional distributed storage is generally divided into multiple copies of the data according to certain rules for storage. The second is that each node of the blockchain storage is independent, equal status, relying on the *** knowledge mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while the traditional distributed storage is generally through the central node to other backup nodes to synchronize data.
No single node can record the ledger data alone, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to keep false accounts. Also because there are enough bookkeeping nodes, theoretically the books will not be lost unless all the nodes are destroyed, thus ensuring the security of the bookkeeping data.
2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology, the transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with the authorization of the data owner, which ensures the security of the data and personal privacy.
3.*** knowledge mechanism, that is, how to reach *** knowledge between all bookkeeping nodes to identify the validity of a record, which is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different *** knowledge mechanisms for different application scenarios, striking a balance between efficiency and security.
The blockchain's ****recognition mechanism is characterized by "majority rule" and "equality for all", in which "majority rule" does not exclusively refer to the number of nodes, but can also refer to computing power, equity, and other factors. The term "majority rule" does not exclusively refer to the number of nodes, but can also refer to the computational power, the number of stakes, or any other comparable characteristic of computers. "Equality" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to prioritize the *** knowledge results, which are directly recognized by the other nodes and may become the final *** knowledge results.
4. Smart contracts, which are based on trustworthy and untamperable data, can automate the execution of some pre-defined rules and terms. Taking insurance as an example, if everyone's information (including medical information and information about the occurrence of risks) is real and trustworthy, it is easy to automate the settlement of claims in some standardized insurance products.
In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as in the banking and securities industry, the reliance on trusted data is unabated. Therefore, the author believes that utilizing blockchain technology and cutting from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.
References:
Blockchain - Baidu Encyclopedia p>Blockchain - Baidu Encyclopedia