What are EU Directives

The governments of the member states are responsible for harmonizing their national laws with the Directives, and any existing national laws that conflict with the Directives should be repealed. The fundamental purpose of the EU Directive is to eliminate technical barriers to trade between EU member states and to realize the "free movement" of products between member states. The directive mainly stipulates the basic requirements related to health and safety, and for electrical products, it also stipulates the requirements of electromagnetic interference and anti-interference. EU Harmonized Standards "EU Harmonized Standards" are European standards developed and approved by CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in accordance with orders issued by the European Commission in consultation with the Member States. 26 standardization mandates have been issued by the European Commission to European standardization bodies since 1999, 13 of which are related to the New Methods Directive. Since 1999, the European Commission has issued 26 standardization mandates to European standardization bodies, 13 of which are related to the New Methods Directive.The procedure for the elaboration of "harmonized standards" by CEN, CENELEC and ETSI is open and transparent and is based on the consensus of all stakeholders. The conversion of harmonized standards into national standards and the withdrawal of national standards that are contrary to the harmonized standards is mandatory for the Member States according to the rules of the European Organization for Standardization (ISO). The title and designation of the harmonized standard must be published in the Official Journal of the European ****embody and indicate the new method directive to which it corresponds. A manufacturer whose product complies with a harmonized standard published in the Official Gazette and which has been transposed into a national standard is presumed to comply with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU Directive. The implementation of harmonized standards is voluntary, and manufacturers are free to use any other technical method they choose to ensure compliance with the essential requirements. According to the EU website, by the end of 2002, there were more than 2,000 harmonized standards developed by the three European standardization organizations, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI. For example, the Low Voltage Directive (Directive 73/23/EEC) involves more than 600 coordinated standards, the Construction Products Directive (Directive 89/106/EEC) involves more than 50 coordinated standards, the Safety of Machinery Directive (Directive 98/37/EC) involves more than 400 coordinated standards, the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (Directive 89/336/EC) involves more than 400 coordinated standards, and the EMC Directive (Directive 89/336/EC) involves more than 50 coordinated standards. Directive89/336/EEC) involves more than 90 harmonized standards, Directive 93/42/EEC involves more than 200 harmonized standards, Directive 90/396/EEC involves 95 harmonized standards, Directive 99/5/EC involves harmonized standards, Directive 99/5/EC involves harmonized standards, Directive 99/5/EC involves harmonized standards, Directive 99/5/EC involves harmonized standards, Directive 99/5/EC involves harmonized standards, Directive 99/5/EEC involves harmonized standards. The Directive on Gas Equipment (Directive 90/396/EEC) has 95 harmonized standards, and the Directive on Radiocommunications and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (99/5/EC) has more than 180 harmonized standards. EU Technical Trade Measures System Author: Zhang Lili Meng Dong Cui Lu Wang Li Zhou Source: China Standardization Date: 2006-3-7 16:10:20 1. Introduction Technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures is the World Trade Organization (WTO) "Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade" (hereinafter referred to as the "TBT Agreement") governed by the technical measures of trade, is the first time for any economy in the construction of its technical measures of trade system. It is an indispensable element for any economy to construct its TBT system, and the three elements are interrelated, interactive, interdependent and indispensable. Of course, for different objects in trade in goods, based on the different trade policies and levels of economic and technological development of each economy, the role of the three elements is not equal, but has its own emphasis. Since the establishment of the European economy **** the same body, the creation of the European single market, to the process of political and economic integration of the European Union, the EU has formed a relatively complete system of technical trade measures, in which the three elements have the typical characteristics of synergistic effect. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the composition of the EU's system of technical trade measures and the application of the three elements to the specific trade in goods object, and to clarify that when an economy builds its system of technical trade measures, it must give the three elements the same important strategic position, take into account the development planning of the elements, and make them play a synergistic role in a unified organic whole, so as to be able to promote technological innovation, improve the level of science, at the same time, to cross and break other economies dependent on the European Union. In order to promote technological innovation and improve the scientific level, and at the same time, to cross and break the technical barriers to trade constructed by other economies relying on technical trade measures, so that they can form a good situation for the sustainable development of the economy and trade. 2. The EU's technical trade measures system In the early stage of the establishment of the European **** body, the members of the purpose of maintaining their own economic interests, to formulate their own economic interests and the level of scientific and technological development in line with the technical regulations and standards, so that the lack of harmonization of technical regulations within the European **** body, standards and conformity assessment procedures, resulting in the trade of members of the European **** body of all kinds of inconvenience, hindering the establishment of the single market. The establishment of the single market has been hindered. The establishment of a harmonized system of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures, so as to build a unified market within the E*** body and promote trade facilitation has always been the direction of the E*** body's efforts. From the early 60's, the European *** body has begun to coordinate technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment of the formulation of the work, from the old methods directive to the new methods directive, supplemented by the European harmonization of standards and conformity assessment model standardization of the "global approach" to the development of the EU has initially formed a more systematic, mature and coordinated The EU has initially formed a relatively systematic, mature and harmonized system of technical trade measures covering technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures. 2.1 Technical regulations of the EU In the EU, the European Commission, the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament share the legislative power of the EU, while the Council of the European Union enjoys decisive power. EU technical regulations are mainly various normative legal documents formulated by the Council of the European Union and the European Commission on the basis of the four basic treaties (European Coal and Steel ****similar Treaty, European Economic ****similar Treaty, European Atomic Energy ****similar Treaty, and Treaty on European Union), and the main forms include regulations, directives and decisions, etc., and the formally ratified documents are promulgated in Volume L of the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), which is published on every working day. The officially approved documents are published in Volume L of the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), which appears every working day: - Regulations are of general application, binding in their entirety and directly applicable. Regulations have the character of implementing regulations for the basic treaties and are equivalent to acts of Parliament. It must be approved by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union after the third reading before it can be promulgated and put into effect, and the member states must implement it after it is published and comes into effect, and there is no need to transform it into national legislation. -Directives are provisions that require EU member states to incorporate relevant legislation into European **** body law, which can only be issued to member states as the target, and are binding on member states as European **** body law. The implementation method of the directive can be chosen by the member states, generally give the member states a certain period of time to make it into domestic law, the member states in the implementation of the directive at the same time must amend or repeal the domestic laws that are contrary to the directive. -Decisions (Decisions) is a binding legal document with a clear target, it can be issued for a specific member state or all member states, can also be issued for specific enterprises or individuals, but also for specific products imported from economies outside the EU. It has a similar effect to a regulation, but has a different scope of application. Regulations are universal and binding on all member states, while decisions have only specific application and are directed at individual, specific, identified groups, persons or events. Directives dominate the EU system of technical regulations. The vast majority of EU technical legislation for products is issued in the form of directives, and only a very small proportion is in the form of regulations or decisions, etc. There are two different ways in which EU technical harmonization directives are formulated and therefore their technical harmonization directives are divided into two types. -Old Approach Directives (0IdApproachDirectives): The technical harmonization directives before 1985 usually make detailed provisions on product specifications and technical requirements, and require member states to implement them completely. The EU directives formulated according to this method are mainly concentrated in the fields of drugs, pesticides, food additives and motor vehicles. In the theoretical study of the synergistic mechanism of the three elements, it can be categorized as "prescriptive technical regulations". Provision-type technical regulations refers to a class of technical regulations to determine the method to achieve a particular result, it determines the method to achieve a particular result, the focus is on the only way to achieve the goal. Therefore, the most important characteristic of a prescriptive technical regulation is its methodological certainty. -New Approach Directives (NewApproachDirectiyes): In 1985, the Council of the European **** body promulgated the "resolution on the new approach to technical harmonization and standards" (85/C136/01), the establishment of a new approach to the main body of the directive of a more complete system of technical regulations. The characteristics of the new directive is that only in the safety, health, environmental protection and other aspects of the formulation of basic, mandatory requirements, to achieve the objectives of the directive requirements of the pathway is multi-faceted, there is room for choice, and the degree of compliance with the directive requirements by the corresponding conformity assessment procedures to be determined. In the theoretical study of the synergistic mechanism of j elements, this type of technical regulations can be categorized as "function-oriented technical regulations". Functionally oriented technical regulations specify in precise terms what is to be achieved, but allow the entity itself to be regulated to determine the means by which the result is to be achieved. 2.2 The EU standards system The EU standards system is characterized by a close connection to its technical regulations. EU technical regulations are limited to the basic requirements for safety, health, consumer protection and environmental protection that must be met by products circulating in the EU single market, and do not provide for mandatory compliance with specific requirements. Only fully compliant with these basic requirements of the product can be sold and used in the European Union, as to how to make products comply with the basic requirements of the directive, and does not list the specific technical details, but through the issuance of "harmonized standards" (EN) way for manufacturers and importers to provide guidance. The European Commission has delegated the development of technical standards to regional standardization organizations (European Committee for Standardization CEN, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CENELEC and European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI). The development of harmonized standards in designated areas of the EU is usually done by these three European standardization organizations, which provide technical support for the trade interests of the EU member states and their single market. The development of harmonized standards is based on the essential health and safety requirements, it is the "fast track" to meet the basic requirements of the directive, the harmonized standards have the status of "inferred compliance with the basic requirements", and it is a tool for manufacturers to prove that their products comply with the requirements of the directive. At present, there are more than 2,000 harmonized standards based on the basic requirements of the New Methods Directive, and the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) publishes from time to time a list of harmonized standards in accordance with the relevant directives. However, these harmonized standards still retain their voluntary nature in the New Methods Directive, which provides more choices for manufacturers to correctly implement the New Methods Directive. However, the directive often gives a special status to the harmonized standards, that is, all products that meet the harmonized standards can be presumed to comply with the basic requirements of the directive, which builds a platform for the effective implementation of the EU function-oriented technical regulations. With the help of harmonized standards, EU technical regulations reach their set goals. This presumption of conformity makes the adoption of European harmonized standards the preferred measure to meet the relevant EU directives for producers in the EU member states and producers in other countries who intend to export their products to the EU. 2.3 Conformity Assessment System in the EU In order to implement its technical regulations effectively, the Council of the European **** Body adopted the "Resolution on a Global Approach to Conformity Assessment" (90/C10/01) in 1989, which sets out the general policy and the basic framework for conformity assessment, and stipulates the conformity assessment procedures to be used in the technical harmonization of directives. In 1993, the Council of the European Communities adopted the "Decision on the modalities of the various stages of the conformity assessment procedure and on the rules for the affixing of the CE marking of conformity and its use" (93/465/EEC). In 1993, the Council of the European Union adopted the "Decision on the modalities of the various stages of the conformity assessment procedure and the rules for the affixing of the CE marking and its use" (93/465/EEC), which supplemented the resolution on the global methodology for conformity assessment by laying down the guiding principles and specific procedures for conformity assessment to be utilized in the new methodology directive scarf, and at the same time, also regulating the rules for the affixing and use of the CE mark. The EU conformity assessment procedure is subdivided into 8 basic models and 8 derived models. These models vary according to the stage of production (e.g. design, finalization, full production), the type of assessment (e.g. document review, type approval, quality assurance) and the subject of the assessment (manufacturer or Notified Body). According to these models, conformity assessment activities are carried out on a first-party (manufacturer) or third-party (EU-recognized conformity assessment bodies, known as NB bodies, or NotifiedBodies, because of the directory notified to Members in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU)) basis. Each of the EU's New Methods Directives sets out the conformity assessment procedures for the products covered and requires different conformity assessment methods depending on the degree of risk of the product. The conformity assessment modes provided in the directives provide manufacturers with a certain degree of choice, and NB organizations carry out conformity assessment in accordance with the conformity assessment procedures stipulated in each of the relevant directives to ensure that the products comply with the basic requirements of the directives before they are put on the market. 3.1 The Relationship among the Three Elements in the EU's System of Technical Trade Measures 3.1.1 The Main Body of the Measures 3.1.1 Technical regulations are formulated by the legislature, governmental departments or other institutions authorized by the legislature. The technical regulations of the European Union are various normative legal documents formulated by the Council of the European Union and the European Commission under the authorization of the basic treaties. Standards are developed by standards bodies that are not part of the governmental sector. EU standards are technical documents developed by European standardization organizations such as CEN and CENELEc. Conformity assessment program is to judge whether the product meets the requirements of technical regulations and standards of the program documents, it is not only to assess the conformity of the product to the standard, and more importantly, to assess the conformity of technical regulations. Technical regulations on the development of conformity assessment procedures of the department often with the development of technical regulations have the same level of the department. In the European Union and its members to develop technical regulations often provide for both the requirements of the product, but also provides for how the product meets these requirements, to become a mixture of technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, the European Union's new method of directives is this. Therefore, the EU's conformity assessment procedures in the new method directive is also developed by the Council of the European Union. 3.1.2 Mandatory and Voluntary Technical regulations and standards are different in legal effect, technical regulations are mandatory, while standards are voluntary compliance, which is the essential difference between the two. Technical regulations are mandatory implementation of laws, regulations or other forms of documents, technical regulations within the jurisdiction of the product must comply with the relevant requirements of technical regulations. EU technical regulations mainly in the form of directives issued by the European Commission and the Council of the European Union, must be mandatory. Standards are voluntary technical documents, and products under the jurisdiction of standards are for manufacturers to voluntarily implement the relevant requirements of the products. According to the definition in the EU Directive 98/34/EC, a European standard is "a technical specification adopted by the European Organization for Standardization for the purpose of meeting non-compulsory repetitive or continuous application", which indicates the voluntary nature of European standards. Conformity assessment is a conformity assessment activity carried out according to a conformity assessment procedure. Conformity assessment procedure is used to determine whether the product meets the corresponding requirements of technical regulations or standards of the operational procedures, either mandatory or voluntary, depending on the object of its assessment and technical regulations and standards for the corresponding object requirements. Conformity assessment procedures in the form of technical regulations is mandatory, such as mandatory product certification; in the form of standards is voluntary, such as standardized inspection and testing methods. The mark of conformity is the product of technical regulations and standards to prove compliance with the requirements. 3.1.3 Forms of Expression Technical regulations is a legally binding mandatory technical documents in general, with a variety of forms of expression. In the European Union's technical regulations system includes the EU level of laws, regulations, directives, decisions, etc., including the EU member states of the technical regulations. Standards are for repeated use of non-mandatory technical documents. In the EU, they include European standards, harmonized standards in the New Methods Directive, national standards of EU member states, and standards developed by other EU standards bodies. The conformity assessment procedure of EU in its new method directive is expressed in 8 basic modes and 8 derived modes of conformity assessment and their combinations. 3.1.4 Scope of constraints Both technical regulations and standards constrain product characteristics, processing and production methods, and may also constrain terminology, symbols, packaging, signs or labels. However, compared with the standard, technical regulations in addition to the above constraints on the applicable regulatory provisions. While technical regulations and standards define the requirements for a product, conformity assessment procedures define how to determine that the product meets such requirements. The conformity assessment procedure is a constraint on the specific method of operation for checking whether the product complies with the technical regulations and standards. 3.1.5 Impact on trade Technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures have different levels of impact on international trade. Compared with the standard, technical regulations and mandatory conformity assessment procedures due to its mandatory and legally binding so that its impact on international trade is greater, more direct, is the most important technical trade measures. Imported products that have not passed the mandatory conformity assessment are not allowed to enter the country; products that do not meet the requirements of technical regulations are prohibited from being sold in the market; while those products that are not in line with the standards are allowed to be sold in the market, but only due to the lack of conformity with the local standards, which may affect the share of the sales occupied by them in the market. 3.1.6 Transparency Requirements The TBT Agreement has the same transparency requirements for technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, while the transparency requirements for standards are different. Proposed technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures are required to be notified to the WTO Secretariat before they are formally approved and implemented, whereas for standards, the TBT Agreement only requires that the standardization bodies should publish their work plans at least once every six months, including their names and addresses, the standards they are working on, and the standards that have been adopted in the previous period. In order to fulfill the transparency obligation of the TBT Agreement, the EU WTO/TBT Consultation Point at the Directorate General for Enterprise of the European Commission is responsible for informing the WTO Secretariat of the basic information on the draft technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures in the EU, while the European Organization for Standardization is responsible for informing the ISO/IEC Information Centre of the work plan for the production and revision of the European standards. 3.1.7 Harmonizability Standards have relatively uniform and fixed characteristics, which are theoretically harmonizable and can achieve a certain degree of consistency in practice, for example, European harmonized standards, standards of international standardization bodies and regional standardization bodies are produced on the basis of harmonization. Technical regulations, on the other hand, lack such a uniform and fixed character, often varying according to national and cultural specificities and involving national sovereignty issues, and are therefore not harmonizable. Conformity assessment procedures also vary according to national and cultural characteristics, and such differences are not harmonizable. However, the TBT Agreement encourages members to sign a mutual recognition agreement (MRA) to recognize each other's conformity assessment procedures to avoid duplication of testing, in practical terms, this is for the two sides of the conformity assessment process to play a coordinating role. 3.2 The main linkage of the three elements 3.2.1 Relevance in content The three elements of the technical trade measures system are linked together by products. In terms of content, technical regulations and standards are the characteristics of the product, the process and production methods to do the provisions, but also may include terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labeling requirements. Conformity assessment procedures include sampling, testing and inspection procedures; conformity assessment, verification and assurance procedures; registration, accreditation and approval procedures and combinations thereof. However, the implementation of conformity assessment procedures is specific, and in the course of implementing conformity assessment, there is a direct link to the specific content of technical regulations and standards. 3.2.2 Rationale for Measures The TBT Agreement provides that WTO Members have the right to establish mandatory technical regulations or voluntary standards for products and conformity assessment procedures for determining conformity with these technical regulations and standards if the measures are established for the same reasons, i.e., for safety, health, or environmental reasons. 3.2.3 Basis for Measures The TBT Agreement encourages Members to use international standards as the basis for technical regulations and for conformity assessment procedures. Therefore, international standards are the technical support for the formulation of technical trade measures such as technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures. 3.2.4 The Role of Measures Technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures are a form of technical trade measures. Technical trade measures have the positive effects of promoting economic development, accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, upgrading the level of industrial technology, guaranteeing the quality of products, protecting the environment and safeguarding the safety of people's lives, etc. However, when used as a tool of protectionism in international trade, technical trade measures have a barrier effect on trade. Trade barriers. For the purpose of protecting the domestic market and industrial interests, these technical trade measures sometimes become the tools of unreasonable trade barriers, such as discriminatory technical regulations, overly harsh standards, overly cumbersome conformity assessment procedures, etc., will bring unnecessary obstacles to international trade. From the analysis of the EU as an example, we can see that, in an effective system of technical trade measures, technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures of the three elements are interrelated, mutually supportive, synergistic, indispensable, *** with the composition of a comprehensive, three-dimensional system of technical trade measures. However, WT0 members due to the imbalance in the level of economic and technological development, politics, history, cultural heritage differences, many members have not yet formed a complete system of technical trade measures, or in the process of construction did not achieve the mutual coordination of the various elements, coordinated development. The technical regulations system of the European Union, with its structural completeness, maturity in development and coordination among various elements, has played a good role as a model for WTO members to build their own technical trade measures system. EU technical regulations and standards overview analysis and discussion Date:2009.11.05 News Sources:Cold and thermal shock test box | high and low temperature impact test box - Zongzhi Cold and Thermal Shock Tester Factory Views:0 EU technical regulations and standards overview analysis and discussion of EU norms and management system is composed of EU technical regulations, the new method directive, the EU harmonization norms, the EU conformity assessment order of the EU The basic requirements set out in the directive " that is, goods must be met when placed on the market to ensure that the basic requirements of health and safety. The task of the European standardization bodies is to formulate the corresponding technical specifications (i.e., "harmonized specifications") that comply with the basic requirements of the Directives, and it can be assumed that the products comply with the basic requirements of the Directives if they comply with these specifications. Where the new method of directives covered by the safety, hygiene, health and environmental protection products, the EU regulations. All must pass the corresponding conformity assessment order, and attach the CE marking before entering the EU market. Once the CE mark is attached to the product, it indicates that the product complies with the basic requirements of the EU New Approach Directive on safety, hygiene, health or environmental protection, and can circulate freely in the EU market.1 EU Technical Regulations and the New Approach Directive Then it will be promulgated and implemented. Technical regulations refer to the mandatory provisions of the characteristics of the product or the corresponding processing and production methods, including the applicable administrative regulations; technical regulations may also include or specify the terminology used for the product, processing or production methods, symbols, packaging, marking or labeling requirements. Technical regulations play a pivotal role in international trade, the European Union technical regulations are usually proposed by the European Commission, and then discussed and adopted by the European Union Council and the European Parliament. Developed countries to construct technical barriers to trade is an important means. EU technical regulations are mainly in the form of decrees, directives, resolutions and other forms of mandatory documents related to safety, health, hygiene, environmental protection and other content. In order to reduce the internal barriers to free trade, the new method directive is an important part of the EU technical regulations. The process of establishing the EU single market. Elimination of technical barriers to trade, standardization and coordination of technical regulations and standards among its members, and at the same time in order to overcome the original technical regulations (directives) exist technical requirements are too specific, the development of a long time, through the entry into force of the conditions of too many shortcomings can not adapt to the European economy, science and technology, and the requirements of the development of trade, the EU announced the implementation of the "new approach to technical coordination and standardization," and has introduced a series of directives, that is, the New Approach Directive, the free flow of goods within the legal framework of the European **** body legislature and the European standardization bodies between the responsibilities. 2 European standardization system and the EU coordinated standards At the same time, the provisions of the European standardization organization, the composition of the European standardization system mainly includes the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) European Electrotechnical Standardization Committee (CENELEC and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) European countries of the national normative bodies as well as a number of industries and associations of the standards group. EU "Harmonized Norms" are European Norms developed and approved for implementation by CEN CENELEC and ETSI on the basis of an order issued by the European Commission in consultation with the Member States. Harmonized norms are developed in an open and transparent manner and are based on the consensus of all stakeholders. Member States are required to transpose harmonized norms into national standards and to revoke national norms that are contrary to the harmonized standards. Harmonized norms are published in the Official Journal of the European Communities and indicate the new methodological directives that correspond to them. A manufacturer whose product complies with a harmonized norm published in the Official Gazette that has been transposed into a national standard is presumed to comply with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU Directive. The implementation of harmonized norms is voluntary and manufacturers are free to use any other technical method to ensure compliance with the essential requirements. Analysis and Discussion of the Overview of Technical Regulations and Standards of the European Union 3 Conformity Assessment Sequence and CE Marking in the European Union and its Combined Sequence. The contents of the conformity assessment sequence include 2 main categories A conformity assessment sequence is any sequence used directly or indirectly to determine whether a product meets the relevant requirements of a technical regulation or standard. These include sampling, testing and inspection procedures; evaluation, verification and conformity assurance procedures; and registration, recognition and approval procedures. : i.e. product certification; 1 A sequence of laboratory tests on the peace of mind, functional characteristics, etc. of a product. That is, the so-called system certification. Among them, 2 by the national accreditation body of the enterprise or other organizations and institutions of internal quality management or environmental management, etc. for the accreditation sequence. Product certification is divided into two kinds of safety certification and qualified certification. Safety certification is mandatory certification of conformity and system certification is voluntary machine on the market, it is necessary to attach the CE mark to show that the product meets the basic health and safety requirements of the directive. EU regulations and standards on ecological textiles Font size:Small Medium Large 2008-04-15 In recent years, the European Union has implemented strict protective measures for textiles, put forward more and more stringent ecological requirements and social responsibility issues, including the successive release of the regulations on the banning of dyes and other chemicals has been the formation of all members of the European Union's unified action. The European Union is one of the main markets for textile exports from Zhejiang Province, so it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the EU's eco-textile regulations and technical standards. 1, EU 67/648EC Directive The EU issued 67/648EC Directive in 1997, which is a decree of the EU countries to prohibit the use of azo dyes in textiles and leather products that can be cleaved and release certain carcinogenic aromatic amines. The difference with the regulation of the German government at that time is the addition of o-aminoanisole and aminoazobenzene, ****22 carcinogenic aromatic amines. 2, the EU 2001/C96E/18 Directive The EU issued the 2001/C96E/18 Directive on March 27, 2001, which further specifies the textiles included in the scope of control. The directive also stipulates three test methods for banned dyes, and the detectable amount of carcinogenic aromatic amines shall not exceed 30mg/kg. The three test methods are: 35LMBGB82.02-2-1998 (textile and daily necessities), B82.02-3-1997 (leather), B82.02-4-1998 (polyester). The directive is included in the carcinogenic aromatic amines minus p-aminoazobenzene, only 21 kinds. 3、EU Directive 2002/61/EC The EU issued Directive 2002/61/EC on July 19, 2002, which re-listed p-aminoazobenzene as a carcinogenic aromatic amine and evaluated its test methods, reiterated the maximum limit of carcinogenic aromatic amines as 30mg/kg, and banned azo dyes in all member states on September 11, 2003, and began to implement. 4、EU Directive 2003/3/EC The EU issued Directive 2003/3/EC on January 6, 2003, reaffirming Directive 67/648/EC and Directive 2001/C96E/18 and banning a blue colorant for textiles and leather products, which is a mixture of two acid metal complex dyes, classified as: 611-070-00-2 and EC. The blue colorant is a mixture of two acidic metal complex dyes: 611-070-00-2 and EC.NO.405-665-4; the former is CAS.NO118685-33-0. The EU Directive on the suspected ban of dyes due to carcinogenic aromatic amines is lagging behind the German government regulation and the Oeko-Tex standard 100. According to the current situation, the total ban of suspected dyes has been fully implemented in the international textile trade, therefore, the ban of azo dyes containing carcinogenic aromatic amines has become a global action. The EU Eco-Label The EU Eco-Label was established by the EU Law Enforcement Council under Decree 880/92. The application of the label is purely voluntary, companies hope to use this to raise public awareness of environmental protection, so as to cultivate their own market, but also to improve the visibility of the enterprise's products. The earliest textile standard, Eco-Label, was established in accordance with the European Commission Decree 1999/178/EC of February 17, 1992, and on May 15, 2002, the new European Union standard for determining eco-criteria for textiles was published. It is divided into three main categories, i.e. criteria for textile fibers, criteria for textile processing and chemicals, and the applicability of the criteria for use.