One of the causes of pollution
1, the pollution caused by ships
What is pollution caused by ships, is due to ship maneuvering, maritime accidents and sea dumping by ships to cause all kinds of hazardous substances into the ocean, the balance of the marine ecosystem has been damaged. Ship-caused pollution is characterized by: (1) the introduction of various types of pollutants into the sea by ships. (2) Polluting substances enter the sea due to human factors rather than natural factors, that is to say, the pollution behavior in the subjective performance of people's intention or negligence. (Such as: washing sewage, cabin sewage untreated discharged into the sea) (3) pollutants into the sea, caused or may cause damage to the marine ecosystem.
Pollution caused by the ship is mainly manifested as: (1) the ship operation of the source of pollution, the generation of this pollution is mainly caused by the ship's staff intentionally or negligently. Such as: some ship staff will contain harmful substances will deliberately wash the sewage discharged into the sea, the ship cabin staff will contain oil cabin sewage untreated discharged into the sea, there are also due to the work of the responsibility is not strong wrongly open the door will be the fuel oil discharged into the sea. (2) maritime accident pollution sources, ships due to maritime accidents, such as: ship collision, grounding, reefing and other accidents so that a variety of pollutants, mainly fuel oil spillage, oil tanks due to accidental rupture caused by the leakage of pollution caused by the sea. (3) Ship dumping pollution source; this source of pollution is mainly manifested in the fact that, through the ship intentionally will be produced by the land factory production of production waste, living garbage, clean up the polluted waterways and rivers with pollutants produced by the sludge sewage, dumped into the sea. Therefore, ship pollution is one of the causes of marine pollution.
2, marine oil development on the ocean caused by pollution
China's oil reserves in the sea is very rich, most developers are currently focused on offshore marine exploration and development. With the rapid development of marine oil exploration and development, there are drilling ships and oil platforms, man-made large amounts of waste and oily sewage continuously discharged into the ocean, therefore, marine oil development is also one of the causes of marine pollution at present. In different degrees, it has caused a certain impact on the natural environment of China's offshore waters. The pollution of the sea caused by marine oil development is mainly manifested in; (1) the discharge of living waste, production (working) waste and oily sewage into the sea. (2) Accidental oil leakage, oil spillage, well blowout and other accidents. (3) Waste and oily sewage produced in man-made and natural processes flow into the sea. The harm to marine life is very serious when oil enters the sea water. When oil enters the sea water, a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the sea water is absorbed by the oil, and the oil film covers the surface of the water, isolating the sea water from the atmosphere, resulting in the lack of oxygen in the sea water and causing the death of marine life. The harm to young fish and fish eggs is very great, the young fish hatched in oil-polluted seawater are twisted and lifeless, and the oil film and oil lumps can stick to a large number of fish eggs and young fish and cause them to die. Oil pollution makes economic fish, shellfish and other seafood produce oil odor, adult fish, shellfish living in the polluted seawater for a long time in its body accumulation of certain harmful substances, when entering the market is consumed by people endangering human health.
3, factory pollution of the sea
With China's reform and opening-up policy continues to take root in people's hearts, there is a planned economy to the market economy across the coastal residents of the mudflat aquaculture use area is expanding year by year. From fish farming, shrimp farming, crab farming, to farming than the aforementioned more economic value, more rare aquatic plants and animals. The development of these aquaculture industries has led to the prosperity of the aquaculture market, enriched the people's dietary life, and improved the level of diet. It has increased the economic income of farmers and created employment opportunities for some people. However, in recent years, seawater red tide and other seawater deterioration phenomena have occurred from time to time along the coast of China. What is the cause of that? In addition to weather factors, and then is caused by human factors. In addition to the two reasons mentioned earlier, there is another very important reason, which is the pollution of the sea by land-based factories. Pollution of the sea by land-based factories is mainly manifested in (1) paper mills and chemical factories on both sides of rivers connected with the sea use the rivers to discharge sewage into the sea. (2) Containing pollutants of industrial garbage, domestic garbage dumped on the riverbanks or river, with the river or the rising and falling tide into the sea. For example, in 2001, tianjin maritime court accepted the hebei province leting county 19 farmers sued hebei province qianan city calligraphy and painting paper industry limited company and other five units of the beach pollution damage dispute case, is a typical land factory use through the sea river discharge caused by marine pollution case. The 19 plaintiffs in this case are in Hebei Province, Leting County, Wangtan Town, Xiaohezi (Luan River) into the sea on both sides of the shrimp and mudflat shellfish aquaculture area engaged in Japanese shrimp and green clam farming. The Luan River is located in Chengde City and Tangshan City, Hebei Province, and flows from Chengde through Qiangxi, Qian'an, Luanxian, Luannan, and Leting in the Tangshan area, and enters the sea at Jianggezhuang in Leting County. Luan River in Luanxian ringing mantis diversion, into the middle of the tributaries of the Leting eventually flow into the Xiaohezi, in the town of Wangtan new sea into the sea, in the Xiaohezi into the sea on both sides of the tens of thousands of acres of shrimp ponds and shoals of shellfish breeding areas. 2001, late April to mid-May, due to the discharge of sewage from the upper reaches of the Luan River caused by pollution in the fisheries waters of the two sides of the Xiaohezi into the sea on both sides of the part of the aquaculture caused by the shrimp and shoals of shellfish fatal accidents. Accident caused by the Xiaohezi estuary on both sides of the polluted waters of the breeding area *** counted 7056.15 acres, of which the shrimp culture water area of 6561.15 acres, the mudflat shellfish culture area of 495 acres. May 30 investigators on the Xiaohezi locks breeding area of shrimp and mudflat shellfish death site investigation, the results found that 67.96% of the death of the green clams, the Japanese shrimp mortality rate of an average of 51%. The cause of this accident is due to the industrial and mining enterprises along the Luan River in Tangshan City, discharging sewage to the Luan River without meeting the standards of treatment.
Two, prevention and protection of marine pollution countermeasures
Marine pollution is caused by a variety of factors, is a long-term accumulation, and gradually from quantitative to qualitative changes in the process. Therefore, only focusing on a single governance is not a real solution to the problem of marine pollution. As we all know, our country since 1979 has formulated and promulgated the "Chinese People's *** and State Environmental Protection Law", "Marine Environmental Protection Law", "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law", "Prevention and Control of Ship Pollution of Sea Waters Management Regulations", "Marine Dumping Management Regulations", "Port Waters Protection Regulations", etc. Specialized in the environmental protection and prevention of marine pollution, water pollution laws and regulations. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Township and Village Enterprises adopted at the 22nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on October 29, 1996, clearly stipulates that "township and village enterprises must abide by the laws and regulations relating to the environment and, in accordance with the national industrial policy, operate under the supervision of the local people's government in order to prevent pollution. national industrial policy, under the unified guidance of the local people's government, take measures to actively develop non-polluting, less-polluting and low-resource-consuming enterprises, to effectively prevent and control damage to the environment and ecology, and to protect and improve the environment."
"Local people's governments shall formulate and implement environmental protection plans for township and village enterprises, and improve the ability of township and village enterprises to prevent and control pollution."
"Township and village enterprises constructing projects that have an impact on the environment must strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system."
"Facilities for preventing and controlling pollution in construction projects of township and village enterprises must be designed, constructed and put into operation at the same time as the main project. The facilities for preventing and controlling pollution must be accepted by the administrative department in charge of environmental protection before the construction project can be put into production or use."
"Township and village enterprises may not adopt or use production processes and equipment that are expressly prohibited by the state from seriously polluting the environment; they may not produce and operate products that are prohibited by state order from seriously polluting the environment; those that discharge pollutants in excess of the national or locally stipulated standards and that seriously pollute the environment must be treated by a specified date, and those that fail to complete the treatment task after the specified date shall be closed down, shut down, or transferred to another production. or change production."
With the gradual deterioration of the environment, all kinds of disasters are approaching the public life in different forms, which have aroused great concern of the public and the government. In order to curb the continued deterioration of the environment, the government has enacted strict laws and regulations. Various activities organized by the public on their own with the theme of environmental protection have also come to a climax.
From the current stage of China's marine pollution phenomenon, the main pollution is not caused by the people. The reason for this is that most of the industrial and agricultural pollution and ecological damage are caused by different levels of managers for various reasons successively. For the people, to measure the environment of a city is good or bad, often only pay attention to the city's surface hygiene, whether the streets are clean, whether the market is prosperous, generally will not go to study the surface of the environment of the city, her sewage treatment is in line with the national standards, whether the surrounding environment caused by pollution. Take Dalian City as an example, people who have been to Dalian will say, Dalian's environment is really good, but who will go to study whether she has caused pollution to the surrounding environment. When you analyze the environmental statistics of Dalian you can see the source of marine pollution, the number of sea outfalls around the Bohai Sea in the city of Dalian amounted to 66, accounting for 30.4% of the country's major sea outfalls. This is only a city of Dalian statistics, and the Bohai Sea region has three provinces and one city, most of the city sewage or directly discharged into the sea or discharged into the rivers connected with the sea, so that China's inland sea - the Bohai Sea pollution mainly from the land is based on. Whether it is the pollution of the sea by ships, or the pollution of the sea by land. The result is the impact on human beings, marine organisms, marine plants and even the whole ecological environment. Therefore, I think: (1) to strengthen law enforcement efforts, and truly achieve the "law enforcement must be strict, and violations of the law must be investigated", to strengthen the law enforcement supervision of the government environmental protection departments, to overcome local protectionism, and to require local governments at all levels to environmental protection must be mentioned in the day-to-day agenda up. (2) Strengthen the anti-pollution management of ships and drilling and oil recovery platforms, first of all, should be the owner of the ship and drilling and oil recovery platform managers, must carry out anti-pollution education, to enhance the awareness of anti-pollution, and improve the skills of decontamination and disaster relief. Operators must do it in accordance with national laws and regulations. Make the sewage treatment equipment is always in good working condition, strictly control the quality of decontamination chemical reagents, strictly prohibit the use of toxic chemical reagents decontamination. (3) around the fisheries department, port supervision and pollution prevention department should be within the jurisdiction of the waters of the pollution situation, the source of pollution, geographic environment, hydrological conditions, biological resources, etc. must be clearly understood, according to the understanding of the situation to make the pollution prevention planning, as a good government staff, once the pollution accident can be based on the understanding of the situation as soon as possible in order to develop the best mitigation program.
In short, the responsibility of environmental protection is significant, it is related to future generations, therefore, the requirements of each person should be made to understand environmental protection, support environmental protection, improve environmental protection of all the people on the precautionary awareness, line into all people care about environmental protection. Let's join hands to fight against all the people and things that affect the environment