Geomagnetic storms are the result of interactions between the Earth's atmosphere and magnetosphere, causing violent disturbances in the magnetic field.
Geomagnetic storms are a state of intense global oscillation of the Earth's magnetic field, and the geomagnetic index shows the magnitude of a geomagnetic storm. Geomagnetic storms are caused by a representative indoor ambient plasma attraction plasma cloud arriving in Earth's indoor space. When a magnetic storm begins, the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field fluctuates and varies at higher levels than before the storm at all longitudes around the world for several minutes to several hours. This phase is called the "initial phase".
After the initial phase is over, the H-component suddenly drops to a minimum within half an hour to a few hours, which is known as the "main phase". The main phase is the main feature of a magnetic storm, and the size of the storm is measured by the magnitude of the minimum point at which the H-component falls during the main phase. Typically, the H-component of a magnetic storm decreases to a few tens to a few hundred nanometers, with individual large storms exceeding 1,000 nanoTesla.
Introduction of protective measures against geomagnetic storms:
1. Need to strengthen the monitoring and prediction of solar activity
Through the monitoring of changes in solar activity, the occurrence of geomagnetic storms can be foreseen, and timely countermeasures can be taken to mitigate their impact. For example, back-up power supply and voltage regulation equipment are added to the power system to improve the stability and reliability of the power system. In the communication and navigation system, multiple technologies and equipment backup programs are used to reduce the impact of geomagnetic storms on the accuracy of the system.
2, the need to strengthen public science education
Through publicity and educational activities, the public to understand the principles and hazards of geomagnetic storms, and enhance the awareness of prevention. For example, in the electric power system, the importance of power protection and equipment maintenance is emphasized, so that employees understand how to protect equipment and avoid the impact of geomagnetic storms. In communication and navigation systems, the training and education of technicians should be strengthened so that system failures and anomalies can be detected and dealt with in a timely manner.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia - Geomagnetic Storm