Sports is not only people's exploration and challenge to the faster, higher and stronger human limit, but also an important symbol of social development and human progress, and an important embodiment of comprehensive national strength and social civilization. Nowadays, the importance of science and technology in promoting sports development is increasingly prominent-with the rapid development of computer technology, intelligent sports with digitalization as the foundation, networking as the condition and intelligence as the core are becoming a hot spot. By collecting and analyzing the data in the process of sports, it helps athletes to train scientifically and improve their sports level, and assists coaches and managers in making decisions and management, which not only meets the needs of competitive sports, but also changes and promotes the development of sports in the aspects of national fitness and sports socialization.
Intelligent training and competition of competitive sports
Modern sports competition is not only an arena for the speed and strength of athletes from all over the world, but also a big stage for countries all over the world to display their images and integrate cutting-edge technology with sports. With the persistent pursuit of human beings to challenge themselves, the achievements of various competitive events are approaching the limit of human ability. In order to further improve the performance of the competition, even if it is one percent or even one thousandth, coaches and athletes should try their best to achieve it in various ways and technologies, and the enabling role of science and technology is becoming more and more important.
In 218 fifa world cup, the Digital Representation and Tracking System (EPTS) was fully adopted for the first time. Its main function is to automatically collect and present the time and space information of sports in data, so as to realize the digital reading of training and competition. With the help of cameras and wearable sensors, EPTS system can track the movement information of players and football, and provide coaches with statistical data, position information and corresponding video clips through tablet computers to help coaches make decisions on the field. As a part of EPTS, Catapult wearable sensor was also approved for use in the World Cup for the first time. The core component of this athlete's intelligent tracking system is a matchbox-sized satellite positioning device worn in the middle of the athlete's scapula, which can monitor the athlete's running distance, speed, running rhythm, impact load, heart rate and other data, and make in-depth analysis. At present, in professional football, hockey and rugby teams all over the world, such equipment has become the standard for team training. Athletes often wear the "black vest" equipped with this device for training. Coaches can not only check the performance of the whole team in real time on the sidelines and give guidance, but also know the state of each athlete and give targeted training exercise regulation to reduce the probability of injuries.
In terms of digitalization, the National Men's Basketball League is also a successful example. Each club has a sports performance analysis team composed of experts from different fields such as data science, sports science and medicine. The use of data science is far from limited to simple event statistics (such as shooting, rebounding, assists, etc.), but based on the coach's tactical needs, the spatio-temporal data of basketball and players captured by the intelligent tracking system in the game are analyzed based on deep learning and data mining to help coaches and athletes understand the game mode, injury risk and opponent style behind the data and predict the success opportunities of various tactics. After mastering this information, the coach can evaluate the contribution of players in different positions to the team, design training plans and formulate corresponding tactics. In such a complex system, the intelligent system represented by SportVU plays a vital role. SportVU technology originated from the military multi-camera dynamic tracking technology. Through six cameras hanging from the ceiling of the arena, the system captures 25 images per second to track and analyze the players' movements. Traditional statistical methods only count the main results, while SportVU system can restore the whole process and provide more detailed and quantitative data, which also represents a major development direction of sports data science.
in addition to the analysis of multi-person spatio-temporal information in team sports, the technology of data collection, analysis and evaluation of athletes' individual technical movements has also made great progress in recent years, and the main driving force behind this is the progress of motion capture technology. Motion capture technology is a means to digitally collect three-dimensional human motion. In the past, it was very inconvenient to use because of the complicated equipment and environment. The main application of motion capture technology was limited to the production of large movies, and it was generally used only in scientific research in sports. With the continuous development of motion capture technology to be lightweight and easy to use, the motion analysis system based on motion capture technology has also entered the practical stage. For example, MySwing, a golf movement analysis and auxiliary training system based on wearable devices, can accurately capture the spatial movement data of players' bodies and clubs with the help of a plurality of micro motion sensors worn on players, and provide analysis results, and use a variety of different data visualization methods to help players and coaches have a better insight into technical details that are difficult to observe with the naked eye. With the help of such equipment, the coach's guidance to players is no longer "by feeling and experience", and subjective experience can be quantified to form a data model, which not only makes the analysis of technical movements more objective, but also makes the training more targeted and efficient.
the improvement of athletes' competition results not only comes from the improvement of training level, but also the improvement of scientific and technological gold content of sports equipment, which even brings great changes to sports in some cases. Throughout the Olympic history, the scientific and technological progress of equipment has played an important role in promoting the improvement of competitive performance, and the British team, which dominated the cycling field in the last three Olympic Games in succession, is one of the representatives. In this game, the result is determined by one thousandth of a second. Every slight deviation and improvement can change the result of the game. The British team used high-tech means to achieve the perfect combination of people and cars. Based on the analysis of fluid dynamics and ergonomics, every British athlete's racing car has been carefully adjusted to achieve the highest degree of fit between people and cars. In addition, high-tech competition clothes and special racing tires have also become the "state secrets" of the British team. In order to prevent the high-tech secrets from leaking out, the British cycling team even stipulated that the equipment and instruments should be turned over immediately after the race, and recovered and destroyed in a unified way.
China's sports science and technology is also entering an intelligent era. With the approach of the Beijing Winter Olympics in 222, the preparations for the Winter Olympics have been deepened, and many high-tech means have been applied to all aspects of athletes' training. With the help of artificial intelligence, big data and Internet of Things technology, a new model of "training-technical assistance-guarantee" for competitive sports has been formed, which has become a key factor for winter events to fill the shortcomings and achieve leap-forward development. For example, in the wind tunnel experimental auxiliary training system independently developed in China, with the help of wind tunnel simulation technology, not only experimental research can be carried out, but also auxiliary training for ice and snow projects can be carried out; Through the panoramic VR ski simulator, a digital virtual training venue environment is constructed to provide simulations of different terrain and snow conditions for Chinese alpine skiers and snowboarders, so that athletes can complete training with real skiing speed and gravity experience indoors and improve their competition adaptability; A variety of different motion capture techniques are widely used to collect and analyze athletes' technical movements, which provides effective help for athletes to finely polish their technical movements.
in the future, with the help of big data and artificial intelligence, it will be not only feasible, but also indispensable to evaluate athletes in many dimensions, such as technology, tactics, physical fitness, mind and personality, and to build a quantifiable "champion model". Intelligent technology will also have a far-reaching impact on coaches and athletes in training and competition.
digital stadium and intelligent game watching
in some foreign professional sports events, spectators can watch the game at home with "zero delay" and "zero distance" through head-mounted VR display equipment.
After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic that spread all over the world, it was hard to hear the shouts of the audience in the competition venues where it was hard to get a ticket in the past, and watching the game broadcast has become almost the only way to watch the game at present. It has become an important link in the development of sports industry to enrich the means of sports broadcasting, so that fans and sports enthusiasts can enjoy the events of interest in a more interactive and immersive way.
One of the key points to cultivate the audience's enthusiasm for sports is to help them understand the events, understand the games and read the games. In order to let the audience who are not familiar with the project know the competition information quickly and comprehensively, and the audience who are interested in the project can see more interesting content, the application of video AI technology will become the mainstream. This technology learns, analyzes, understands and recognizes video images through artificial intelligence methods, involving video classification, character recognition, voice recognition, character recognition and so on. Its main application scene is to break through the single form of watching the game under the traditional broadcast and form a personalized watching mode. When the audience watches the game through a specific APP, the system constantly learns and obtains their points of interest. By identifying their favorite players and key actions in the game, the game highlights are generated in real time, and the best viewing seats are automatically selected during the game, and the most interesting moments of the game are played during the game. The audience can also view and obtain information of different dimensions of the competition at any time, for example, viewing the detailed personal information of athletes and understanding the introduction of project rules. With the continuous progress of video AI technology, this application has a broad development space.
The combination of new visualization technology, wireless communication and emerging Internet technology has continuously broken through the distance limit, creating conditions for spectators to realize non-contact, close-range watching and interactive experience at home. Among them, the application of 5G and virtual reality (VR) technology has accelerated the development of intelligent game watching. In some foreign professional sports events, the audience can already sit at home and watch the game with "zero delay" and "zero distance" through the head-mounted VR display device. Taking advantage of the network characteristics of 5G "high speed and low delay", the 222 Beijing Winter Olympics will adopt 5G+8K live broadcast technology. At that time, viewers can watch high-definition broadcasts anytime and anywhere, and share wonderful pictures with friends and relatives in real time through social software of mobile terminals. At the same time, the Beijing Winter Olympics will also realize the 5G+VR broadcast. Through the 36-degree viewing angle brought by VR technology, the audience can freely rotate the viewing angle to watch the game and realize the immersive sense of the scene. In VR, you can not only see the completely real game scene, but also achieve an experience beyond reality. In the process of watching the game, through the identification of the venue environment and moving targets, according to the preferences of users, a variety of digital information can be superimposed to realize personalized watching experience and achieve better watching effect.
In the past, an improper penalty often ruined the whole game, which adversely affected the fairness of the game itself and the experience of watching the game. In order to solve this problem, intelligent technology is being introduced into the stadium to create a "smart stadium". As early as 26, "Hawkeye" system was used in tennis match. The flight trajectory of tennis was captured by high-speed cameras from different angles, and the three-dimensional reconstruction and landing point calculation were carried out. When there was a disputed score, "Hawkeye" system assisted the referee to determine the exact landing point of tennis. Similar technology has also been introduced into the football match to become goal-line technology. With the help of computer, it can be judged whether the football crosses the goal line, so as to determine whether the goal is valid. This technology was officially introduced into the World Cup by FIFA in 213, which became a historic decision that high technology was adopted in the history of football. During the football match in 218 fifa world cup, FIFA adopted the Video Assistant Referee System (VAR) for the first time. When there are four situations in the game, such as the ball entering the door, the red card, the red and yellow card being sent to the wrong object and the penalty, the VAR system will remind the referee on the field and correct the misjudgment and omission through video playback and automatic identification technology. In addition, artificial intelligence referee is also brewing in the project of scoring skills and difficulty represented by gymnastics. Due to the fierce competition, the movement differences between gymnasts become more and more subtle, and the ability of referees is increasingly demanding, and it is more difficult for referees to maintain the accuracy of scoring after long-term work. The artificial intelligence gymnastics scoring system measures and establishes the athlete's three-dimensional human motion model through the 3D laser sensor, and makes an extremely accurate record of its rotation speed, limb swing amplitude and jumping height, and compares it with the database data, so as to judge whether the athlete's technical movements are successful or not, and whether it is necessary to add points or subtract points. It is predicted that if the artificial intelligence scoring technology is successfully tested in gymnastics, it will be extended to other events such as figure skating and diving.
professionalizing mass fitness and enhancing entertainment
Intelligent technology is gradually being applied in different sports, and the evaluation and training assistance of sports technology is an important application field of artificial intelligence technology in the development of mass fitness industry.
People want to exercise in a planned and step-by-step manner under the guidance of professionals, but there is a lack of professional fitness guidance information resources and ways, which inevitably leads to blindness, randomness and risks in mass fitness activities. In some countries with developed sports science and high popularity, it is generally accepted to exercise scientifically according to "sports prescription", but in China, sports prescription is still a new concept for most people, and sports prescribers are even scarcer. Exercise prescription is to guide people to adopt the most suitable exercise items, to formulate the appropriate exercise content, exercise intensity, exercise time and frequency in the form of prescription according to the basic situation and evaluation results of the exerciser, combined with subjective and objective conditions, and to point out the matters needing attention in exercise, so as to achieve scientific and planned fitness purposes. In view of the contradiction between the people's urgent need for scientific fitness and the lack of scientific guidance information resources, it can be predicted that the sports prescription management system based on artificial intelligence technology will have great development potential in China.
The intelligent exercise prescription system is based on a large number of experts' knowledge, based on users' physical fitness test data, fully evaluates users' exercise ability, predicts possible exercise risks, formulates fitness exercise prescriptions in combination with their exercise purposes, dynamically monitors the exercise process, continuously checks the effectiveness of exercise prescriptions, and continuously optimizes exercise prescriptions through machine learning on the basis of big data.
The rapid development of smart wearable devices has created favorable conditions for the formulation and effective implementation of exercise prescriptions. When more and more indicators such as running distance, speed, heart rate, ECG and blood oxygen are realized in wearable devices such as smart bracelets and smart watches, large-scale professional equipment has become a health assistant that everyone can carry with them. In the past, complex tests have been completed unconsciously, and intelligent exercise prescriptions are no longer far away.
It is equally important for exercisers to maintain good sports skills while achieving a proper amount of exercise, which also requires the guidance of professional knowledge. Taking the most common running as an example, if there are problems in the technical movements of runners, it will not only affect the performance of running, but also be the key factor leading to sports injuries. For professional researchers,