Military Engineering is the collective name for various engineering buildings used for military purposes and engineering and technical measures taken to support military operations. It is part of military technology. Engineering construction refers to not only the objects of military engineering construction, but also technical activities such as engineering reconnaissance, survey, design, construction, and maintenance throughout the construction process, as well as the selection of engineering materials and equipment. Engineering and technical measures to support military operations include mine laying, sabotage operations, overcoming obstacles, water crossings, as well as non-structural engineering and technical measures for engineering camouflage and field water supply. Basic introduction Chinese name: Military Engineering Foreign name: Military Engineering Function: Comprehensive application in the military Application: Construction application, development, classification, engineering force, integrated construction, engineering construction culture of various military engineering facilities Application Military engineering is civil engineering and The comprehensive application of many other engineering technologies in the military. The construction, repair and maintenance of various military engineering facilities, and the engineering and technical measures taken in combat support require the use of knowledge and technology from many disciplines or professions, such as the use of engineering geological survey, hydrogeological survey, engineering surveying, engineering mechanics, soil engineering, etc. Mechanics, engineering cybernetics, engineering design, construction materials, construction equipment, railway engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, tunnel and underground engineering, airport engineering, port engineering, water conservancy engineering, special engineering structures, water supply and drainage engineering, river crossing engineering , blasting engineering, camouflage engineering, military systems engineering, engineering machinery and other disciplines or professional theories, technologies, organizational implementation methods, as well as electronic computers, mechanical testing, laser, remote sensing, remote control, telemetry and other technologies. Therefore, military engineering has comprehensive knowledge in terms of the wide range of scientific and technological knowledge involved. In addition, with the development of warfare, especially weapons and equipment, a variety of military projects need to be comprehensively used to effectively guarantee the military's combat operations. Therefore, modern military engineering often organically combines a variety of projects to form a complex for one purpose, and this complex has a tendency to further develop and expand. Development Military engineering emerged with the emergence of war and developed with the development of war. Ancient military engineering relied on manpower and simple manual work to complete. By summing up the successful experience and the lessons of failure in the war, continuous reform and innovation in craftsmanship, technology and methods were developed and progressed day by day. After the 17th century, with the combination of modern mechanics (material mechanics, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mass mechanics, etc.) and civil engineering practice and the development of civil engineering from experience to science, the long-term accumulated practical experience of military engineering has gradually become a science. ization and theorizing. The long-term development process of military engineering shows that practical engineering experience usually precedes theory and is the source and forerunner of theory; engineering accidents and new situations that arise during construction often reveal unforeseen new factors, thus triggering people's concern for new The exploration and research of engineering theories lead to the emergence and development of new theories. Especially under war conditions, many unpredictable enemy and enemy situations and very complex geography, terrain, weather, equipment and other conditions on the battlefield have a great impact on the construction of military projects and various engineering and technical activities. The decision-making and processing of many engineering problems , to a large extent, we need to rely on practical experience to adapt to changes and deal with them decisively. This characteristic of military engineering has been common in all previous wars and will continue to be so in the future. In addition, military engineering aims to meet the needs of war and achieve tactical requirements. Therefore, some principles and requirements are put forward for timeliness, concealment, project quality, and project construction that are different from those of civil projects. For example, national defense construction in peacetime mainly emphasizes project quality and concealment and camouflage; emergency project construction and repairs in wartime emphasize adapting measures to local conditions, using local materials, working quickly, and completing tasks with high quality and on time to ensure combat needs. The preparation of military projects on the territory during peacetime is an important part of the national defense strategic measures and war preparations of all sovereign countries. During wartime, the results of military engineering preparations can create a good battlefield environment and combat conditions for the army, and are of great significance for striving for the initiative in war; during campaigns and battles, various military engineering facilities and engineering technical measures are comprehensively used to It can improve the army's battlefield survivability and maneuver speed, bring into full play the combat effectiveness of weapons and equipment, ensure the safety of command institutions, communication facilities and military supplies, and smooth transportation, destroy and limit the enemy's maneuvers, and affect the process and outcome of campaigns and battles. , has a significant impact.
Therefore, in modern warfare, military engineering has become an important part of the overall combat effectiveness of the combined army. Classification by purpose Military engineering can be divided into position engineering, strategic and theater command post and communication hub engineering, military transportation engineering, military river crossing support engineering, military blasting engineering, military camouflage engineering, military water supply engineering, military port engineering, and military airport. Engineering, weapons test site engineering, military training base engineering, logistics base and base warehouse engineering, military oil pipeline engineering, barracks engineering, and obstacle engineering that are mostly subordinate to the above projects. Position projects include established defensive position projects (Figure 1) based on permanent fortification (see fortification) built on the front lines of border defense, coastal defense and deep strategic locations; urban defense projects combined with civil air defense projects; strategic missile positions Engineering; temporary field position engineering constructed in combat areas during wartime, etc. Strategic and theater command post and communication hub projects include the following projects for headquarters and theaters (or large military regions and front armies): underground permanent command post projects; military radar stations, weather stations and engineering facilities used to support electronic countermeasures equipment; Construction projects of communication hubs, satellite communication earth stations and other communication stations, etc. Military transportation projects include national defense highways, military special roads built in peacetime, and military road networks built by the army in combat areas during wartime; military railway projects (see Railway Engineering Support), military bridge projects; inland waterway shipping projects, etc. The army's river-crossing support project includes basic ferry sites and preliminary ferry sites that are pre-selected and constructed based on engineering reconnaissance of rivers in peacetime; various ferry sites and various ferries that are organized, constructed and maintained to support the army's river-crossing operations in wartime Cao ferry operations, etc. Military blasting engineering includes blasting operations for the construction of military engineering facilities; blasting methods are used to open passages through obstacles and destruction operations are carried out using blasting methods. Military camouflage engineering includes engineering camouflage measures taken for various military facilities that have been built or under construction, as well as military deployment and operations in peacetime and wartime. Military water supply projects include field water supply and fortified position defense water supply. The main contents include: water source reconnaissance in defense areas and military combat activity areas; engineering operations to open up and expand water sources; construction of permanent and field water supply stations, water distribution stations, and water delivery Pipelines, surface and underground water storage facilities, etc. Military port projects mainly include harbor pools, entry and exit channels, anchorages and wharf facilities for ships to berth and garrison; hard-surface landslides for launching and landing hovercrafts and seaplanes; bank protection and wave-proof buildings; ship caves and support command , communications, vehicles, and personnel safety protection projects; ship maintenance and other technical service support engineering facilities; port road traffic engineering and logistics support engineering facilities; military port defense projects, etc. Military airport projects mainly include flight site engineering facilities for aircraft take-off, landing, and parking; airport protection projects to ensure the safety of aircraft, vehicles, personnel, command, and communications; facilities used to implement aviation engineering support; airport road traffic engineering and logistics Support engineering facilities; airport defense engineering, etc. The weapons test site project includes test sites for conventional weapons, technical equipment, strategic missiles, nuclear weapons and other new weapons and equipment. Its engineering facilities mainly include: test site facilities; engineering facilities for observation, command, testing and measurement control systems; engineering facilities for transportation, repair and other technical service support, etc. Military training base projects mainly include engineering facilities, classrooms, and camps for various training grounds, operating fields, and shooting ranges. Base warehouse projects mainly refer to logistics base projects above theaters and base warehouse projects of various services and arms. Including various ground warehouses, underground caverns and engineering facilities dedicated to medical and repair systems; engineering facilities for base road traffic and transportation systems; engineering facilities for command, control, and monitoring systems. Military oil pipeline project is an independent and dedicated fuel pipeline project constructed by the military. Including oil pipelines laid from the national oil depot to the troops (or military bases, defense areas, positions), as well as oil pumping stations, military oil depots and gas stations, etc. Barracks projects include various buildings and ancillary engineering facilities used to support military teaching, training, work and living. Obstacle engineering refers to the obstacle system formed to prevent the enemy from attacking, occupying and destroying targets. Including various explosive and non-explosive obstacles set around position projects and other projects and targets, on the ground, in the water and in the air in the hinterland. There are many records of military road engineering in ancient Chinese military books and historical materials. As early as the Warring States Period, the army used Wu Dao as a military road. The Chidao built by Qin Shihuang for his patrols was later mainly used for military purposes.
In order to fight against the Xiongnu, the Qin Dynasty also built a military road "eight hundred miles" from Yunyang to Jiuyuan (see Qin Zhidao). In addition, military roads in ancient China also included corridors and plank roads (see Military Roads). In ancient Europe, the armies of some countries also built many military roads. For example, the Roman army established a large-scale military road network in conquered areas, and Japan built more than 75,600 kilometers of military roads. This transportation system not only helped strengthen the defense of the Roman Empire at that time, but also played an important role in spreading cultural and scientific knowledge to uncivilized areas of Western Europe. Military bridges and river crossing protection have been valued in ancient Chinese wars. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period, embankment-type military bridges, movable suspension bridges, and machine bridges appeared. River crossing equipment includes Feijiang, Tianhuang, Tianfu, and Huanli cables for crossing large waters, as well as flying bridges, switchboards, windlass, and windlass for crossing ravines and chasms. By the end of the Warring States Period, early military floating bridges appeared on the Yellow River. In the middle period of feudal society, China's military pontoon bridge erection technology made great progress. The most famous one is the pontoon bridge built by the Northern Song Dynasty army on the Yangtze River in Caishiji. In ancient wars in West Asia and Europe, the army also built many military bridges. Among them, the earlier and more famous ones include the three pontoon bridges erected by the Persian army on the Bosporus and the Hellespont (today's Dardanelles), and the wooden pillar bridge erected by the Roman army on the Rhine. Engineering Corps The army needs to build roads and bridges when marching, dig fortifications when fighting, and set up camps for military camps. These tasks are all technical aspects of civil engineering and are completed by the Army's professional arm, the Engineer Corps. Military engineering has been around since ancient times. The Great Wall in ancient China is the largest defense project in the world. In addition, there are also castles built, water forts built, trenches dug, fences built, etc. With the development of the times, weapons have improved, combat methods have also changed, and the content of military engineering has also expanded. There are position projects, such as permanent border and coastal defense fortifications; urban underground air defense projects; command and communication projects, such as command posts, radar stations, and satellite communication ground stations; military transportation projects, such as national defense highways, military road networks, bridges, and ferries. Fields, pontoons, oil pipelines, water pipelines, etc.; in addition, there are military ports, airports, weapons testing grounds, training bases, logistics warehouses, barracks, shooting range projects, etc. The above are all constructive tasks. In addition, military engineering also includes two special tasks; one is blasting, and the other is camouflage. Blasting may be required when constructing military projects. During combat, blasting is used to open passages through obstacles and to blow up enemy fortifications, bridges, dams, etc. The laying of landmines and the removal of landmines are the tasks of engineers. Camouflage is a protective measure. Engineering camouflage measures are adopted for various military facilities and military operations in peacetime and wartime to confuse the enemy and prevent enemy reconnaissance from detecting them; sometimes, some false targets are made and arranged, and even fake ferries, fake airports, and fake buildings are built. It makes it difficult for the enemy to distinguish between real and fake objects, misleads the enemy to attack false targets, and thereby protects the real targets and the real actions of the troops. Due to the continuous development and progress of science and technology, many new technologies and new materials have been applied to the field of military engineering. The tasks of engineering troops are increasing. For example, when natural disasters occur, such as floods, earthquakes, wind disasters, etc., engineering troops are often dispatched for rescue and disaster relief. Integrated Construction The first working meeting of the Military Construction Industry Expert Steering Group was recently held in Guangzhou. Experts and leaders from the headquarters and the construction industry of various services and arms attended the meeting. The meeting was chaired by Su Jingbin, deputy secretary-general of the People's Liberation Army Engineering Construction Association, and Lin Maoguang, leader of the expert steering group, made a speech on how to do the work of the expert steering group. At the meeting, the representatives also held in-depth discussions on how to strengthen the construction of expert guidance groups, the application of new technologies in the field of engineering construction, and promote the construction of information platforms, etc., and reached a broad understanding. The meeting heard that the Guangdong Konggong Engineering Bureau is adopting a military-civilian integration model. Development path practices. Experts attending the meeting fully affirmed the Guangdong Konggong Engineering Bureau's reliance on scientific and technological innovation and management innovation to promote the improvement of the combat effectiveness and scientific and technological innovation capabilities of the engineering troops. The Military Construction Industry Expert Steering Group is formed by the Military Engineering Construction Committee by hiring engineering academicians and well-known experts and scholars within the military to form a group that not only has high-end academic and policy leadership, top-level overall planning and demonstration, but also has the support of academic research units and works with front-line construction experts. The combined think tank team covers all fields of military engineering construction. Establish an expert guidance group to build a technical exchange platform for high-level experts from all branches of the military and front-line construction engineering technicians, and provide policy consultation for scientific research innovation, research planning, technology development, talent building and quality management of military engineering construction. and scientific decision-making basis.
It is of great significance for improving the management level of military engineering construction, enhancing the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of the engineering troops, accelerating the transformation of the combat effectiveness generation model of the engineering troops, and further improving the system's combat logistics support capabilities. Engineering construction culture The definition of military engineering construction culture is:
The values ??and systems that objectively exist in military engineering construction and play the role of guidance, promotion, and cohesion in "moistening things silently" , the sum of habits, styles, images, etc. Military engineering construction culture is mainly based on engineering troops. Military engineering construction projects are the extension point, carrier, and position of the cultural construction of engineering troops, and a culture that is constructed, presented, and precipitated is the extension and implementation of the culture of engineering troops. The specific performance on military engineering projects is an important support and component of the engineering force culture.
Military engineering is the basis and carrier for my country’s implementation of defensive national defense policies. The military engineering construction culture formed and reflected in the construction of military projects is an integral part of military culture and an integral part of socialist culture and national The foundation and guarantee of cultural soft power. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated: "Continue to cultivate the core values ????of contemporary revolutionary soldiers and vigorously develop advanced military culture." The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized: "Build a socialist cultural power and enhance the country's cultural soft power." Therefore. , attaching importance to, strengthening and improving the construction of military engineering construction culture is a new responsibility and mission given to the engineering troops in the new era.
In the long-term combat and construction practice, our army’s engineering troops have undertaken a large number of military engineering projects, tangibly or intangibly forming a military engineering construction culture and accumulating a rich military engineering construction cultural heritage. It has played a corresponding positive role in the construction and development of our army's advanced military culture. In the new era, there is still room to further standardize and improve the construction of military engineering construction culture. It is also necessary to further give play to the leading and promoting role of military engineering construction culture in the construction of military engineering projects. It is also necessary to further give play to the role of military engineering construction culture in the construction of military engineering projects. Guiding and promoting role in the scientific development of engineering forces.