Disposal of radioactive substances
Disposal of radioactive substances, we all know that radioactivity is very harmful, so if we encounter radioactive substances, we must be properly disposed of. Otherwise, whether for the environment or for ourselves have a great impact. Disposal of radioactive items
Disposal of radioactive items 1In large doses of irradiation, radioactivity exists in the human body and animals with some damaging effects. In addition to symptoms reflecting this, radioactivity can also damage genetic material, mainly by causing gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations, victimizing one or even several generations. The handling of radioactive materials has always been of particular concern to the international community and is the key to determining the sustainability of the nuclear industry and the `peaceful use' of nuclear energy.
Nuclear power plants inevitably produce radioactive waste during operation. The discharge of liquid and gaseous radioactive waste, and the transportation and disposal of solid radioactive waste all pose hazards to staff, the public, and the environment. Waste minimization through technical and managerial means has been the focus of attention of the state, nuclear power plant designers, nuclear power plant operators, and related organizations. Over the past 14 to 19 years, the amount of waste generated by nuclear power plants worldwide has been significantly reduced. Domestic nuclear power plants in operation have also reduced the amount of radioactive waste generated year by year by adopting a series of measures such as optimizing the process system, quoting advanced technology, and strengthening waste management
Radioactive material treatment and devices
Generally speaking, in order to achieve the purpose of safe disposal of the radioactive waste gas and low-level radioactive waste liquid, the use of purification or Attenuation to below the emission standards and then dilute and diffuse into the environment in the way of treatment and disposal of low-level radioactive solid material and all the medium and high levels of radioactive material, the use of its isolation from the environment in the way of treatment and disposal; for the short-lived radioactive material, the use of stagnation-decay, in order to reduce the level of its radioactivity. For low and medium-level radioactive wastes the main approaches are solidification and volume reduction. Curing includes cement curing, asphalt curing, plastic curing; volume reduction includes incineration volume reduction, wet oxidation volume reduction and compression volume reduction.
Take the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant radioactive material treatment as an example:
For the radioactive waste gas, the low discharge aerobic waste gas because of the low specific activity, without the need for storage decay and direct filtration and adsorption treatment, after passing the test, discharged by the emission chimney into the high altitude. The purification of high discharge oxygen-free exhaust gas is through the storage decay of the exhaust gas, so that the short-lived fission gas decay exhausted, and then through the filtration and adsorption of high-efficiency filters and activated carbon filters to remove aerosols and radioactive iodine, to achieve the purpose of purification, after passing the test, through the emission of the chimney control discharged into the high air.
For radioactive waste liquid, cement curing treatment. The cement curing of the radioactive waste liquid is carried out in the curing plant near the auxiliary plant, and the lifting and transportation of the cement curing barrels adopt the remote control technology to reduce the dose irradiation of the staff, and the curing barrels are temporarily stored in the cement curing material warehouse with a capacity of 10,000 barrels, which can be temporarily stored for more than 15 years.
For the storage of radioactive dry waste, mainly chemical capacity, boron recovery and other auxiliary system filter cores, these wastes have high activity of radioactivity, in the replacement of these cores, there are specialized agencies are they are loaded into the shielding containers, as well as the exhaust system of high-efficiency filters, activated carbon filters, overhaul of the waste, waste instrumentation, replacement of parts and components, uniforms, protective equipment and so on. These dry wastes have specialized containers or waste bins. For soft waste, the waste is compressed with a compressor in 200L standard drums and stored separately from the cured material .
Disposal of radioactive materials2There are 3 major categories of hazardous chemicals: the major categories of physical hazards, health hazards, and environmental hazards. According to GB13690-209 "Classification of Chemicals and Hazardous Publication General Rules", the details are as follows:
1, physical hazardous categories include: flammable gases, flammable aerosols, oxidizing gases, gases under pressure, flammable liquids, flammable solids, self-reactive substances or mixtures, spontaneous combustion of liquids, spontaneous combustion of solids, self-heating substances and mixtures, substances or mixtures that emit flammable gases in contact with water, oxidizing liquids, oxidizing solids, organic peroxides, and metal corrosives.
2. Health hazards are categorized as follows: Acute toxicity, skin corrosion/irritation, severe eye damage/eye irritation, respiratory or skin sensitization, germ cell mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, specific target organ system toxicity - one exposure, specific target organ system toxicity -Repeated exposure, inhalation hazard.
3. The broad categories of environmental hazards include: Hazards to the aquatic environment - acute (short-term), hazards to the aquatic environment - chronic (long-term), and hazards to the ozone layer.