(A) the industrial structure and layout is not reasonable. Industrial projects are mainly processing industries, with relatively simple structure and prominent structural pollution. The industrial layout of the river basin is not in harmony with the local environment. Some industrial parks are located near the Ili River, and the selected enterprises are not suitable. For example, the paper mill under construction in Yining Development Zone is close to Yili River and Yining City, and the site selection is obviously inappropriate; Some heavily polluting and high-emission enterprises are built in areas with good environment or environmentally sensitive areas such as rivers, and the sewage generated directly enters rivers, causing pressure and even threats to the basin environment.
(2) The basic work of environmental protection needs to be strengthened. Up to now, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for environmental protection in Yili Prefecture has not been determined, and the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, special plan and industrial park plan of national economic and social development in Autonomous Prefecture have not been evaluated according to law. River basin environmental protection has not yet embarked on the track of standardization and legalization.
(3) Environmental violations of industrial projects are common. In the implementation of the "three simultaneities" system of national "environmental assessment", problems such as "getting on the bus first, making up the ticket later" or "not buying the ticket after getting on the bus" and illegal approval are prominent. In the preliminary investigation, 36 of the 134 enterprises inspected did not implement the "environmental impact assessment", accounting for 30% of the total number of new projects; 62 enterprises failed to implement the "three simultaneities" system and passed the environmental protection acceptance, accounting for 53.9% of the total number of enterprises that have been completed and put into production.
Construction of pollution control facilities for key pollutant discharge enterprises, especially those in leather making, sugar making, flax, steel, paper making, coking, food processing and coal mining. , that is, backward or abnormal work, excessive discharge of sewage is widespread. Of the 22 key sewage enterprises in Yili River Basin, 16 have built pollution control facilities, and 12 have been discharged after acceptance. Although the four enterprises have pollution control facilities, the above-mentioned enterprises discharge 2.898 million tons of wastewater to Yili River every year, with a discharge rate of only 50.8%.
The construction of environmental protection facilities in many projects is lagging behind or the facilities are not perfect, and the pollution control level of most enterprises is not high, the management is not in place, and there are problems of excessive discharge. For example, Xinjiang Tunhe Xinyuan Sugar Co., Ltd. and Sifang Group Xinning Sugar Co., Ltd. have not achieved the discharge standards at present, and the "oxidation pond" is built by the river, which has potential environmental safety hazards.
Enterprise leaders have insufficient knowledge of environmental protection, weak awareness of environmental protection and insufficient investment in pollution control funds. Many enterprises do not build pollution control facilities according to the requirements of EIA approval during construction and production, resulting in excessive discharge. Yili Iron and Steel Company, its subordinate enterprises Jinzhi Coking Plant and Kolk Coal Mine are all facing such problems.
(D) The construction of urban sewage treatment facilities is lagging behind, and the existing treatment facilities are poorly managed. There is no domestic sewage treatment plant in all counties and cities in the basin except Yining City, and the sewage is directly discharged into Yili River or its tributaries without treatment. The total treatment scale of two secondary domestic sewage treatment plants built in Yining City is 65,000 tons/day, of which the West Sewage Treatment Plant (25,000 tons/day) is not operating normally, and the effluent concentration of major pollutants seriously exceeds the standard, which has affected the water quality in the lower reaches of Yili River.
(5) Overloading and overgrazing degraded the ecological function of natural grassland, and some minerals were extensively exploited, which destroyed the ecological environment, aggravated natural geological disasters and soil erosion, and affected the water quality of rivers.
(six) environmental supervision and management is not in place. Improper administrative intervention exists in the environmental protection examination and approval of construction projects, and the relevant departments at the state and county levels are ineffective in environmental supervision, failing to perform their duties, lax in law enforcement and impunity, which leads to ineffective implementation of environmental protection measures of enterprises and even serious violations of laws and regulations. The personnel quality, professional level and self-construction ability of environmental protection departments need to be improved.
(VII) The existing monitoring instruments and equipment of the environmental protection department are aging, and the monitoring ability cannot meet the needs of the work. The capacity of environmental monitoring is insufficient, and the level of administration according to law needs to be strengthened.
Second, the Yili River Basin environmental protection countermeasures and suggestions
In view of the main environmental problems existing in Yili River Basin, it is suggested to take the following measures to effectively strengthen environmental ecological protection and pollution prevention:
(1) In accordance with the requirements of coordinating economic development with environmental protection, Yili Prefecture should implement the policy of giving priority to ecological environment in the development and utilization of resources, follow the laws of nature, and delimit areas for optimized development, key development, restricted development and prohibited development according to the resource endowments and environmental functions of different regions, determine appropriate development directions and policies, and optimize industrial structure and layout.
(2) Accelerate the basic work of environmental protection. Accelerate the formulation of the 11th Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection in Yili Prefecture and the Plan for Pollution Prevention and Control in Yili River Basin. It is suggested that laws and regulations such as Regulations on Environmental Protection in the Ili River Basin and Measures for Ecological Restoration of Mining Development in the Ili River Basin should be formulated, various planning environmental impact assessments should be carried out according to law, environmental functional zoning should be improved, and the level of classified management of environmental zoning should be improved.
(3) Further intensify the prevention and control of industrial pollution. Establish a good environmental protection governance structure, use various means, increase the intensity of enterprise pollution control, and formulate a deadline governance plan and pollutant reduction plan. Governments at all levels should urge existing polluting enterprises to control within a time limit, and those that fail to meet the discharge standards within the time limit should take compulsory measures to shut down. Strengthen the daily supervision of enterprises to ensure the normal operation of pollution control facilities. It is necessary to strictly examine and approve new projects in accordance with the law, strictly implement environmental impact assessment and the "three simultaneities" system, and avoid leapfrog approval. Newly-built industrial projects should be located reasonably, water pollution should be strictly controlled, and heavy pollution projects such as papermaking should not discharge sewage into rivers. It is forbidden to build high-emission and heavy-pollution projects in sensitive areas of water environment. Enterprises should implement cleaner production, improve management level and reduce sewage discharge.
(4) Accelerate the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities, formulate corresponding policies, reduce the operating cost of sewage treatment plants, strengthen government supervision, urge the normal operation of sewage treatment facilities, and ensure that domestic sewage in cities and industrial parks meets the discharge standards.
(five) to further increase the intensity of ecological protection and construction, strengthen the environmental management of the development of mineral resources and tourism resources in the basin, and implement the measures of ecological protection and vegetation restoration; Accelerate the pace of returning farmland to forests and grazing land, strictly raise livestock with grass, control soil erosion, and reduce the pressure of agricultural non-point source pollution on river water quality.
(6) Party committees and governments at all levels should select cadres who are politically strong, professionally competent and well-managed, strengthen the leadership of environmental protection teams, strengthen the construction of basic environmental protection capabilities, improve environmental monitoring and supervision equipment, and achieve standardization. It is necessary to support the law enforcement of environmental protection departments and put an end to administrative intervention that violates environmental protection laws and regulations.
(7), environmental protection departments at all levels should conscientiously perform their duties, environmental protection law enforcement personnel should learn usage, scientific usage, good usage, dare to enforce the law, dare to encounter difficulties, increase punishment, severely investigate and deal with all kinds of environmental violations according to law, and resolutely put an end to the phenomenon of administrative inaction.
(eight), increase environmental protection propaganda, improve the environmental awareness of leaders at all levels and business leaders.