What are the requirements of clean operating room floor and wall?

The building materials for the wall and roof of the clean operating room are mainly divided into two categories: metallic and non-metallic. With the development of science and technology, clean operating room materials are now more and more. Now the main domestic use of several materials are analyzed and compared as follows. \x0d\ 1 Metal-based building materials for clean operating room wall and roof characteristics and construction points \x0d\ From the analysis of the conditions that should be met by the building materials for the clean operating room wall and roof, experts at home and abroad firstly recommend the best material as electro-galvanized steel sheet (also known as electrolytic steel sheet). \x0d\ 1.1 Galvanized steel \x0d\ electrolytic galvanized steel plate has eleven main conditions that should be met by the clean operating room wall and roof building materials, for on-site processing, and then tethered, and then subarc welding, surface scraping imported atomic grey, spraying imported anti-bacterial paint. After the completion of the operating room for the overall seamless airtight body effect is better, the cost is not high. Built in use, such as the surface layer was damaged by strong impact, can be scraped on-site atomic gray, spraying the same color coating or in use for several years after spraying antibacterial coating again, the operating room and the same as the new one. \x0d\ but in the construction should pay attention to solve the problem of steel beams, columns of rust, such as the use of square tube steel need to be in the square tube inside and outside the rust treatment. In addition to solve the steel plate assembled as a whole after the thermal expansion and contraction caused by the cracking of the coating layer. The solution for the two steel plates assembled between the joints should be designed to slow the force band, slow the force band with a slightly thinner than the panel of homogeneous material processing. After the steel structure construction is completed, the joints should be scraped and ground with high-grade atomic gray for many times, and then sprayed with imported antimicrobial coating after grinding and smoothing. This coating is not ordinary civilian with antibacterial function of the coating, is to be in the disinfectant water repeatedly rinsed does not affect the function of the special antibacterial coating. There are electro-galvanized steel plate back attached to the gypsum board should be thickened waterproof gypsum board. \x0d\ The various properties of stainless steel plate are basically the same as those of electro galvanized plate. Selection of stainless steel plate as a clean operating room building materials, the thickness of the plate is the same, up to 1.2mm to 1.5mm that is, its anti-corrosion properties are much higher than other metal materials. But the price is higher, no shielding function, the coating adhesion of the surface layer is slightly lower than other metal materials. There are two kinds of construction process, one is the same with the processing of galvanized sheet, and the other is the surface layer in the factory to do charcoal paint or plastic spraying treatment. In the field assembly joints glue, the operating room is not a seamless whole after the completion of the practice and the same construction process of aluminum panels. The construction period of the former practice is longer, while the construction period of the latter can be shorter. \x0d\ 1.2 Alloy Aluminum Sheet \x0d\ Alloy aluminum sheet (also known as antirust aluminum sheet) is also one of the commonly used materials for the wall and ceiling of clean operating rooms in China. It has most of the same properties of the last two materials, moderate price, no shielding function, softer material, less impact resistance. The main advantages are light weight, good anti-corrosion effect of the sheet itself, convenient and fast construction, easier modeling, and its advantages are obvious when the construction period time requirement is short. \x0d\ construction with square tube keel frame or special thickened keel frame, alloy aluminum plate using large plate hook type installation to the keel. The processing shape of the plate and electro-galvanized steel plate, stainless steel plate is basically the same, also using four sides of the folded edges of the stereotypes, the back attached to the gypsum board or other materials of the substrate, in order to increase the strength of the plate and to increase the effect of heat preservation, acoustic insulation, moisture-proof. Each piece of aluminum molding processing, surface paint processing are completed in the factory, the scene can not be changed for processing, such as panels in the transportation or construction caused by deformation, surface paint scratches must be provided by the factory to replace the new material. Hospitals in the use of the process if the panel surface by impact and other damage, can not be repaired, can only be replaced by the whole plate, and the replacement of the new plate color will be different from the surrounding plate color difference. In addition, the aluminum alloy plate each plate surface of the joints can only be filled with a special sealant. Sealant such as the selection of inappropriate or construction is not meticulous, easy to cause dust accumulation or affect the airtightness of the room. Then the sealant in the long-term effect of sterilization solution aging, dust, fall off. It should be noted that the alloy aluminum plate is low strength, the choice of aluminum plate thickness should be more than 2mm. \x0d\ 1.3 Color steel plate \x0d\ Color steel plate is also used more in the early transformation of our country's clean operating room and some hospitals with tighter funding for the transformation of the clean operating room. Color steel sandwich panel is a color coated steel plate as the face material, self-extinguishing polyethylene, polyurethane, glass wool, rock wool as the core material, with heat curing adhesive in the continuous molding machine heated and pressurized composite and become ultra-lightweight building panels. The width of the plate is 1200mm, the length of the plate can be determined according to the needs of the project, and the thickness of the plate has various specifications such as 50mm, 75mm, 100mm and 150mm. \x0d\ Color steel plate is light in weight, 1/20-1/30 of the weight of concrete, high strength, can be used for light structure and maintenance structure. Heat preservation and insulation, its thermal conductivity value is 0.034W/mk. construction is convenient and quick, color steel plate is equipped with high degree, no need to support mold, no wet work, construction period is short. Color finish, there are a variety of colors to choose from, can be decorated with different interior design requirements, good decorative effect. Galvanized surface layer is thicker, wear-resistant and does not fall off, not easy to rust, corrosion-resistant, good heat preservation, sound insulation, moisture-proof, fireproof, and it is very convenient for maintenance and daily cleaning. \x0d\ Color steel plate has high airtightness, general service life and low maintenance cost, and the new color steel plate interlayer also has glass magnesium board, paper honeycomb and metal honeycomb. According to the actual demand of engineering installation, can be customized various thickness, specifications, size of a variety of bite form of composite color steel plate. \x0d\ Color steel plate is cheap, but color steel plate is poor impact resistance, in the construction should pay special attention to should not choose the surface layer for the baking paint color steel plate, because the paint film damage will produce rust, the existence of rust-resistant years. And color steel plate all cut off, splicing edge need to do gluing manger sealing, prevent the sandwich within the fiber, dust leakage. The requirement of gluing at the joints is the same as that of alloy aluminum plate. Its one-piece products are installed in the way of curved sky, ground rail, construction is simple, short construction period, the structure is simple and compact compared with the color steel plate, the keel spacing can be adjusted arbitrarily with the building structure, and higher strength, with the installation of additional equipment is convenient, and holes can be opened arbitrarily with higher strength, the substrate has a gypsum board or honeycomb aluminum board or flame-retardant waterproof cardboard, which has or is superior to the some of the characteristics of the color steel plate, but the shortcomings are also the same as the color steel plate. Roughly the same, the joints need to be very careful when gluing. Plate surface layer should not choose to use baking paint surface layer, it is best to choose the surface layer of plastic spraying. The cost of Xing iron storage board is slightly higher than the color steel plate. \x0d\ 1.5 Other \x0d\\\ metal building materials for the surface layer of the operating room are also enameled steel plate. Vitreous enamel steel plate is now mainly produced in foreign countries, the size and shape of each panel should be provided to the factory in advance before construction, and the factory produces the steel plate according to the drawings and then transported to the site for assembly, and the assembly process is basically the same as the aluminum alloy plate. The main advantage is that the panel's anti-corrosion ability is very strong, the surface layer of soft color, flat, smooth, non-glare, easy to clean and disinfect. However, the cost is very high, the production to the construction of a long period of time, the panel seams also need to do the glue treatment. If the surface layer is damaged, it is difficult to make up the match. It is recommended that there is no need to choose in the country. \x0d\ in the choice of metal clean operating room building materials, the choice of surface color should pay attention to the choice of operating room environment when open shadowless lamps and other lighting facilities, the wall and roof can not have glare, it is best to choose a light green or light blue color is preferred. \x0d\ 2 Clean operating room non-metallic building materials characteristics and construction points \x0d\ 2.1 Cassel plate Cassel plate (also known as Grass plate), mainly imported from Western Europe, and now China's Xi'an has also introduced a production line. Cassel plate is made of silicate, quartz, calcium oxide, natural organic fibers and selected mineral fillers through pressure molding, steam maintenance, the surface of a cold porcelain finish with excellent weather resistance. The overall size of the board is 1200mm x 3000mm, and the thickness is commonly used for 5mm and 6mm. \x0d\ Kasol board for keel partition wall construction, using 300mm x 500mm square tube keel, spacing of 400mm, the first full plasterboard, and then Toshiba Silicone adhesive Kasol board, filled with sponge at the corners. Kasol board has low thermal conductivity, the same as ceramic tile, good energy-saving effect, high surface hardness, strong scratch resistance and impact resistance. Convenient construction. Non-combustible, waterproof. Rich in color, the color is not affected by ultraviolet rays and organic chemical reagents. Convenient to remodel, will not lead to secondary pollution of the operating room caused by welding and spraying, etc.. No cracking and peeling, rust and other problems. It can save the area occupied by wall thickness. However, the cost is high, not easy to deform, and dust production is serious during construction. \x0d\ 2.2 UV St. Mark's Decorative Board \x0d\ UV St. Mark's Decorative Board is a material close to Casso Board. It is an environmentally friendly, non-flammable 100% asbestos-free calcium silicate board as a substrate, coated with special UV light-curing polyester surface treatment (UV light-curing is through ultraviolet irradiation, generating free radicals, so that the substrate and the coating film to form a solid claw-like penetration, instantly forming a dense film), so that the board has wear-resistant, high hardness, aging resistance, water-resistant, fire-resistant, bright colors, clean and environmentally friendly characteristics. Also has no asbestos (no dust production), lightweight, acid and alkali resistance, impact resistance, anti-static, heat and sound insulation, anti-ultraviolet, energy saving, anti-bacterial, easy to process and so on. \x0d\ UV St. Mark's decorative panels are basically equivalent to the construction process of Casso board. It is also easy to construct, requires less equipment and tools, has a short construction period, and the process is easy to master. Its advantages and disadvantages are also basically equivalent to Casso board, but the cost is quite a bit lower than Casso board. \x0d\ 2.3 Trespa Board \x0d\ Trespa Board is also a material of choice for clean operating rooms. It is also known as high-temperature and high-pressure laminated polymerized resin boards, and resistant to beetal boards. It is composed of wood fiber and methyl phenolic resin by EBC surface treatment. Board size 3050×1530mm, 2550×1860mm, 3730×1860mm three sizes. Commonly used thickness is 6mm, 8mm. it is available in a wide variety of colors and is highly selective. \x0d\ Trespa is impact resistant, as its solid core and melamine reinforced surface give the board exceptional impact resistance. Moisture resistant, as it is pressed under high temperature and pressure, all voids are sealed by pressure, no voids are open and porous structure is eliminated, therefore it is impossible to absorb moisture. Wear-resistant, scratch-resistant and easy to clean, both the core and surface are resistant to most common chemicals, such as acetone, xylene and other organic solvents, disinfectants, chemical sanitizers, juices and fuels, and the smooth and closed surfaces discourage microbial parasitism. Trespa boards are anti-static, environmentally friendly and fire resistant. \x0d\ Trespa Trespa adopts light steel keel partition wall construction, vertical keel for 100mm light steel keel or C-beam, installing supporting aluminum alloy special keel with spacing less than 400mm on the vertical keel, installing special hangers on the back of Trespa, hanging the panels with the hangers installed on the back in the corresponding position of the horizontal keel in the slot of the card piece, and the panel splicing joints are filled with sealant or special filler. You can also add the back panel to improve the impact resistance and thermal insulation performance according to the need. Trespa adopts the keel structure to facilitate the concealed installation of various pipelines and wall fixtures used in the operating room. \x0d\ Trespa is colorful and easy to replace. Even after many years, it is still possible to order panels of the same color as the original, making it possible to carry out remodeling and expansion plans smoothly, even without leaving any traces after completion. However, the cost of Trespa is relatively high. Problems to be noted: ①Panels should be delivered to the site and placed indoors where there is little change in humidity and temperature, and panels that are not unpacked should be stacked horizontally on wooden pallets. ② Sheets and processed sheets should not be leaning against the wall. ③The sheet should not be dragged to avoid surface scratches, and should be lifted by two people. \x0d\ 2.4 Aluminum composite panel \x0d\ Aluminum composite panel is a sandwich of PVC plastic, double-sided compound metal aluminum general-purpose decorative materials. It is low in price, rich in color, easy to construct, short in construction period, and can also be used as an option for wall and ceiling building materials in clean operating rooms. \x0d\ The construction process of aluminum composite panel is basically equivalent to that of Trespa. The main disadvantage is that the top layer has poor impact and scratch resistance and is easily damaged. Between the panel and the backing plate, if not handled properly, easy to produce the phenomenon of leaving the shell. In the selection of backing board should be the best choice of glass magnesium board or high-quality, flat and consistent cement board. If you want to choose density board or gypsum board, the backing board should be coated with waterproof glue. \x0d\ 2.5 engineering plastics \x0d\ engineering plastics is the western developed countries in the construction of clean operating rooms in the choice of the most of a material, it is the use of high-tech, environmentally friendly composite materials, processed under high temperature and high pressure molding, has a high strength, lightweight specific gravity, moisture-proof, corrosion-resistant, solvent-resistant, maintenance-free, dimensionally stable, can withstand high temperatures of 180 ℃, the surface of the product is smooth, dense, easy to clean, has a Excellent and long-lasting antibacterial and anti-mold performance, warm and soft color, good handfeel. It itself is non-toxic and tasteless, no radiation, no pollution, thermal insulation, heat insulation, weather resistance, easy to process and install, with the strength and toughness of high-quality metal materials, good impact resistance and anti-scratch and abrasion resistance, while having excellent flame retardant properties and significant dielectric strength, insulation, good resistance to electric arcs, safe, non-conductive. Engineering materials are strong, not easy to aging, service life of up to thirty years or more, is a new, practical alternative to traditional materials, environmental protection, energy-saving products. \x0d\ Its construction is completely dry operation, plate processing is convenient, can be cut on-site assembly, no pollution of the environment, the amount of labor is very small, the construction period is extremely short, is currently the shortest construction period in the construction of clean operating rooms. Often the construction of an operating room wall and roof only takes up to three days, and the quality has a better guarantee. \x0d\ construction, first with a good anti-corrosion treatment of the square steel to build the frame, in the square steel frame and then fixed U-shaped keel (within the pads), and then special hangers will be used to fix the engineering plastic plate and U-shaped keel together, adjusted, and the seams are glued to deal with. \x0d\ At present, the price of engineering plastics in China is still relatively high, is electro-galvanized steel plate 2 to 3 times. However, the extensive use of engineering plastics in the construction of clean operating rooms will be a direction in the future. \x0d\ 2.6 Other \x0d\ (1) In addition, some manufacturers have developed materials for walls out of PVC composite plastic flooring and PVC through-type plastic flooring, which were widely used in the past in hospitals and other public **** areas. \x0d\ The material has the effect of inhibiting bacteria, anti-static, anti-dust accumulation, anti-fouling, waterproof performance, can be arbitrarily rinsed, impact resistance, scratch resistance, sound absorption and noise reduction and thermal insulation effect, chemical corrosion and smoke corrosion, good fire resistance, construction is simple, optional colors, patterns are diverse. It is a cost-effective material. \x0d\ Construction process is basically the same as aluminum composite panel. Only in the base liner plate must be pasted with high-quality special adhesive. The joints are welded with homogeneous materials, and the whole surface layer is a seamless whole after construction, with good airtight performance. \x0d\ (2) China's scientific research institutions developed nano-antibacterial cloth can also be used as an option for building materials for clean operating rooms. Its characteristics are basically equivalent to PVC plastic material. It is lighter in quality and easier to construct. The construction method is basically the same as that of PVC plastic material. \x0d\ In the western developed countries in the construction of clean operating room, there are a lot of wall face material or the choice of tiles, while in our country has been transformed in the clean operating room has no longer use tiles. Tile low cost, easy to work, can basically meet the requirements of clean operating room surface material. But heat preservation, sound insulation performance and impact energy is poor. Need to have a solid wall as the grass-roots level, solid wall and thicker, will reduce the useful area of the operating room. Construction requires wet work, and the workload is large. The joints after the tiles are pasted need to be equalized with better materials to prevent accumulation of dust and breeding of bacteria. \x0d\ Two-component polymer-modified cement can also be used as a material for wall facing in operating rooms. In the solid wall coated with two-component polymer modified cement, its molecules can penetrate the grass-roots level under the cement sand and gray layer of about 2cm to 3cm, forming a strong, tight and intact shell, and then spraying antibacterial coating on the surface layer can be.