This time, Zhejiang University moved from Jiande to Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province, not as hastily as when it left Hangzhou, but more orderly. The students are divided into several groups, each led by one or two tutors. There are reception stations in Lanxi, Jinhua, Changshan, Yushan, Nanchang, Zhangshu and Ji 'an. Students, faculty and their families boarded a civilian ship in Jiande in three batches. After arriving in Lanxi, some left, some changed boats and returned to Meixi to Jinhua.
On February 26th, 65438, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province was bombed by three Japanese heavy bombers, and the city was devastated. Fortunately, a large number of teachers and students of Zhejiang University survived without being hurt. The day after President Zhu arrived in Jinhua, he was also bombed by Japanese planes. The impact point was not far from where he was, but fortunately he was not injured. Jinhua was bombed by the Japanese invaders. In an instant, the market was prosperous and residents fled. The news that the Japanese invading army had crossed the river and pointed directly at Jinhua spread like wildfire, and people were worried all day long. At this time, due to the military movement in zhejiang-jiangxi railway, the trucks have stopped and the people are fleeing like a flood. Therefore, most of the staff and students in Zhejiang had to gather in several temporary places in Jinhua. Many people have been hungry for a long time because rice is hard to find. The wall was depressed and hungry. It was a cold winter, and I sat there frozen all night. In this case, the teachers and students of Zhejiang University are not depressed, but have strengthened their determination to persist in their struggle. Some of them negotiated the allocation of personnel carriers, some set foot on the railway, and some climbed into coal trucks, convertibles, refugee cars and personnel carriers to the west, braving the wind and rain and enduring hunger and cold. It often takes six or seven days for people attached to chariots to reach Nanchang. Some teachers and students who were still in Jiande heard that Jinhua had been bombed, so they had to go back to Quxian by boat, transfer to Changshan, and then find a way to go to Jiangxi. After many twists and turns, these teachers and students arrived in Yushan by bus in batches.
Yushan, Jiangxi, was then the seat of the General Administration of zhejiang-jiangxi railway. All the staff of Zhejiang University, whether by car, boat or on foot, arrived one after another and finally gathered safely in Yushan. However, there are more than 700 boxes of books and instruments and more than 30 civilian ships, but they are moored on the river not far west of Jinhua Railway Station. At such a critical moment, the teachers, students and employees of Zhejiang University who are in charge of escort are running around, trying to find ways to load the goods onto personnel carriers, coal cars and trucks by themselves. It was not until the night of1938+1October 6 that all the school belongings were transported away from Jinhua, which was in a mess, and arrived in Yushan, Jiangxi.
But at that time, it was difficult to find a train wagon to transport teachers and students of Zhejiang University to Zhangshu Town near Ji 'an. So, Zhu Kezhen spent eleven days in Yushan from 1937 12/28, braving intermittent light snow and strong north wind, running around Yushan, asking people to intercede and contacting vehicles. It was not until 65438+ 10 on October 7 that the railway administration agreed to pull out more than 10 wagons for use by Zhejiang university. In fact, two days later, before the teachers, students and books of Zhejiang University were transported to Zhangshu Town, Jiangxi Province, a low-hook locomotive was finally contacted in Guixi. There are other teachers and students on the bus, but I don't know where they are. President Zhu asked again and again, only to know that the car was left in xiang tang, a village in Jiangxi. These teachers and students had a hard week before they arrived in Zhangshu Town.
1February 24th, 937 to the following year1October 20th, 65438+ Teachers and students of Zhejiang University started from Jiande, Zhejiang Province, passing through Jinhua, Yushan and Zhangshu, and arrived in Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province. The journey is 752 kilometers, with an average of 30 kilometers per day. They have withstood the shock, wind and frost, the test and exercise, but fortunately, there is no loss of personnel and materials, and they are safe and sound. The destination of this school relocation is Taihe. Due to the rapid development of the war, Zhejiang University moved out of Jiande ahead of schedule, and Taihe's house was too late to prepare. However, two schools in Ji 'an have winter holidays, and the houses are empty, so they borrowed Zhejiang University as temporary shelters.
Ji 'an is located in the middle of Jiangxi Province, where the Ganjiang River and its tributaries meet. This is the hometown of Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer in Song Dynasty, and Wen Tianxiang, a national hero. The first rural revolutionary base in China was established in Jinggangshan, Ji 'an area.
After Zhejiang University moved to Ji 'an, the teaching staff lived in rural normal schools, and their families rented some houses of local residents. All the students lived in Ji 'an Middle School on Bailuzhou. In order not to neglect their studies, the rural normal school and Ji 'an Middle School were used during the winter vacation, and the school decided to borrow a house to temporarily attend classes to end the semester. Because Ji 'an Middle School has some ready-made equipment, it doesn't take much effort, so it is more convenient. Students attend classes for two weeks, then take the final exam, then rest for a week, and then prepare to go 40 kilometers south and go deep into Taihe countryside.
In mid-February, the winter vacation of Ji 'an Middle School and Rural Normal School has passed. On February 18, teachers and students of Zhejiang University moved to Taihe by water (Ganjiang) and land (Ganyue National Road). Shortly after Zhejiang University left, Bailuzhou was bombed by the Japanese invaders. Taihe, also known as Baixia, crosses the Ganjiang River from south to north, and the Jiangxi-Guangdong National Road runs along the river. The temporary campus of Zhejiang University is located in the west of Taihe City. 5 kilometers from Ueda Village. In ancient times, there were two academies in the village, namely Dayuan Academy (also known as Qian Qiu Academy) and Huayang Academy, as well as interesting gardens and overlooking halls (namely the library building). At that time, students came from afar to study, and their style of writing was as strong as that of Bailuzhou Academy. After arriving in Taihe, teachers and students of Zhejiang University settled down for a period of time, and then continued their teaching and scientific research without stopping. Students get up at dawn, and at sunrise, they are everywhere, reading silently. The day is not enough, and after the lights are turned off at night, I work hard. In order to make up for the impact during the relocation period, the courses and experiments of various colleges have increased compared with before. Working hours and study hours have been extended consciously, regardless of faculty and students. The tutorial system, which began in Tianmu Mountain, continues to be implemented here, and teachers and students learn from each other and have a closer relationship. The overall situation is so chaotic and urgent, but the small environment here is so orderly, which is rare in domestic universities during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, the Ministry of Education sent people to inspect all parts of the country and thought that Zhejiang University had the best teaching order and quality among all the universities that moved westward.
During the Taihe period, due to the war and lack of materials, the family life of teachers and students in Zhejiang University was very difficult. President Zhu Kezhen is honest and thrifty, dedicated to the public, regardless of personal interests, and follows his example everywhere. He is too busy to care about his family, even his wife Zhang Xiahui and his second son Zhu Heng are suffering from malaria. Due to the lack of medical technology and medicine, President Zhu's wife and second son died in Taihe successively.
However, teachers and students have not forgotten the outside world, nor have they forgotten the war of resistance when studying. Because there are no daily newspapers in Jiande, Taihe and other places where Zhejiang University moved, other newspapers can't read them in time, and the news is blocked. In order to change this situation, Zhejiang University organized the Information Committee and published Zhejiang University Daily from Jiande. Listen to and record the news with your own radio at night, and extract it. It was first posted in the form of a wall newspaper, and then printed in Jiande for more than 20 issues. After arriving in Taihe, there was no condition for printing, so I changed to mimeograph. From 9: 00 p.m. to 9: 00 a.m. every day, the work-study students (called work-study students at that time) and staff members listened and recorded, sorted at 10: 00 a.m., then printed and distributed around 12: 00. The work-study students peddled in the streets, which was very popular with the local people. In addition to domestic and foreign news, the content also includes news, essays and newsletters.
Teachers and students of Zhejiang University have also carried out national salvation propaganda for many times, and staged dramas such as Lugou Bridge, Doomsday of Traitors and Descendants of the Chinese Nation. Villagers from more than ten miles away came to watch. Zhejiang university students also went to Taihe, Ji' an and even Ganzhou to promote performances and raise money for the rescue of wounded soldiers; Professor Zhejiang University organized a first-line condolence group to go to Korea and sent it to the first line to save his meal money as a donation. As far as the impact is concerned, primary school students also responded enthusiastically. The spirit of the common enemy stirred all parts of the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River for a time.
Teachers and students of Zhejiang University are very enthusiastic about resisting Japan and have carried out many anti-Japanese activities. If the Student Self-government Association initiated the donation of cotton vests to the soldiers in front, Zhu Kezhen ordered to pull out two houses as sewing places and take the lead in donating them as production funds. He often went to the production workshop with his wife to encourage him, and his wife, Zhang Xia, went to the scene for guidance more often. Later, the Student Autonomy Association launched a fund-raising activity, and Mr. and Mrs. Zhu Kezhen took the lead in donating their wedding rings. Mrs. Zhang Xia Soul also initiated the July 7th commemoration, 1938, and personally wrote an article to commemorate it.
During their stay in Taihe, the teachers and students of Zhejiang University did three good things for the local people: building flood levees, establishing Chengjiang School and helping to open up reclaimed land in Shacun.
Building flood control levees is an urgent matter related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Because the main stream of Ganjiang River passes by, most of the banks are plains with siltation, which will flood almost every year when it rains heavily in summer. In the corner of the building wall of Shangtian Village, you can see the water marks in the past. Although the local people have suffered from repeated floods, they have become accustomed to it because of their inability to prevent them. After learning about this situation, Zhejiang University discussed with Jiangxi Water Conservancy Bureau and Taihe County Government, and decided to build a flood control dike, with local money and Zhejiang University responsible for all technical work. So a dike engineering committee was established, and President Zhu was elected as the chairman. Under the guidance of the teacher, the work-study students of the Civil Engineering Department of Zhejiang University measure the water level and lift the foundation. Construction started at the end of April and was completed at the end of June, which lasted for two months. The levee starts from Taihe County in the east and ends at Liangjiacun in the west, with a total length of 7? 5 kilometers, all earthwork, culverts, sluices and other projects were completed as scheduled, and the number of dike workers increased to 800 at most. Although this year coincided with less rainfall, there was no flood; In the second year, there was a flood, and the local people were not hurt by the flood, which was attributed to the worship of Zhejiang University. Since then, the area around Shangtian Village has never been flooded again. After the founding of New China, the government organized migrant workers to reinforce dikes many times, but the local people, especially the elderly, still praised the flood levees built by Zhejiang University teachers and students during the Anti-Japanese War. There is also a wharf by the river, which was then called Zhejiang University Wharf. This name has continued to this day, and it is also a permanent and beautiful memorial for Zhejiang University to stay in Taihe.
Establish Chengjiang School (a section of Ganjiang River flowing through Taihe, also known as Chengjiang). Zhejiang University elected four professors to form a school board, and enthusiastic college students also served as teachers, which changed the situation of low level of rural primary school teachers and lack of equipment, and made rural children and children of Zhejiang University employees who moved with them get better education.
Assist in opening up a reclamation field in Shacun village. By 1938, the bonfire in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression had forced many people in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui to be displaced, and some refugees came to Jiangxi, so Zhejiang University negotiated with the Jiangxi provincial government to jointly establish a wasteland to solve some people's life and livelihood problems. There are more than 600 acres of wasteland in Gao Long area near Shacun, and a demonstration reclamation field in Shacun was established, which was demarcated and surveyed by students from the civil engineering department of Zhejiang University and planned by the Agricultural College. Two graduates from Zhejiang University gave specific guidance, and 140 refugees in the war zone were resettled, cultivated and collectively managed, which made some progress in reclamation even if the refugees' lives were settled. President Zhu is also very concerned about the decline of rural areas and the sharp decline of population in Taihe County. He specially commissioned two graduates working in the reclamation field to investigate some villages in Ji 'an area 1 1 county. They walked for three months and got a lot of information and materials about the local countryside.
Zhejiang University has also done a good thing of great significance, which is conducive to preserving national cultural treasures and avoiding war disasters, that is, assisting Zhejiang Province to carry Wen Lan Ge's Siku Quanshu to a safe place. At that time, * * * copied seven books of Sikuquanshu compiled during the reign of Qing Qianlong, three of which had already been destroyed, while the two books originally in Jehol and Fengtian had fallen into enemy hands after the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War. The remaining two books, one in the Wen Yuan Pavilion of the Forbidden City in Beijing, have been moved to Sichuan, and the other in the Wen Lan Pavilion in Hangzhou, with more than 36,000 volumes, was published in August? 13 Before the Sino-Japanese War in Songhu, it was packed in 140 boxes by Zhejiang Library and transported to Fuyang countryside for safekeeping. After the Japanese army advanced, the provincial library wanted to transport it to Jiande, and the province did not send funds. Zhu Kezhen immediately sent a school bus to help transport it to Jiande. Later, the provincial library was transported to Longquan countryside. After Zhejiang University moved to Jiangxi, President Zhu was worried about the safety of Sikuquanshu and thought it was not safe in Longquan. He made a special phone call to the Ministry of Education, pointing out that the Sikuquanshu should be moved to the mainland as soon as possible, and said that Zhejiang University was willing to send someone to help. The Ministry of Education called back to agree with President Zhu's opinion and prepared to move to Guiyang, asking Zhejiang University to assist in the relocation. President Zhu sent the teacher back to Zhejiang to discuss with the relevant departments. After many twists and turns, he finally took the Zhejiang Library out of the province, passing through five provinces, with a journey of more than 2,500 kilometers, all of which were safely transported to the basement cave near Guiyang for storage. After Zhejiang University moved to Guizhou, President Zhu visited the underground caves many times to learn about the situation and put forward suggestions for improving the preservation work, so that this cultural treasure could safely survive the Anti-Japanese War and be transported back to Hangzhou after the war.
On June 26th, 1938, a group of Zhejiang University graduates are about to enter the society. This is also the first batch of graduates from Zhejiang University during the Anti-Japanese War. At the graduation ceremony held that day, President Zhu delivered a philosophical and passionate speech on the understanding and efforts that college graduates should have. He encouraged students to be innovative, take the world as their own responsibility, and make China an immortal nation. He hoped that the students would not pursue high status and high pay, nor pursue the remoteness and hardship of the place, but do what we should do. At the end of the lecture, President Zhu said: The responsibility for saving the country now lies with you. I hope everyone can accept it.
On the way to the western expedition, some students joined the army with grief and indignation and went to the front to fight against the Japanese aggressors. Zhu Kezhen spoke highly of his classmates' patriotic enthusiasm and told them the story of Zhao's orphan during the Warring States Period: At present, young people have two ways to serve their country when facing the enemy. One is to go to the front to kill the enemy, which requires courage and courage, like Cheng Ying; Study hard at school first, and then engage in construction work, which requires perseverance and perseverance, just like Gongsun Chujiu. President Zhu's speech is an encouragement and spur to the students.