《申论》试卷
（满分100分 时限150分钟）
题号
1
2
3
4
Total Score
Checker
Score
I. Notes
1. The essay test is a test of the candidate's ability to analyze the material in a comprehensive manner, ability to propose and solve problems, and ability to express themselves in writing.
2. The time limit for answering the questions is 40 minutes for reading the given information and 110 minutes for answering the questions.
3. Read the information carefully and answer the questions in accordance with the "Requirements for an essay" given at the end.
4. Please answer the questions in the designated place, but not on the draft paper or elsewhere.
Second, the given information
1. The residents of a city still remember a rainstorm a few years ago. It was a Saturday, and the citizens into the net backcabin of the same weekend shopping, partying, leisure. Zhang Yimou's blockbuster "Ambush on Ten Sides" premiere is being held on this day, a large number of pouring tickets of "scalpers" to make a fortune. However, a sudden rainstorm left all the people outside in a terrible state. At about 16:00 that afternoon, the sky suddenly lightning and thunder, instantly downpouring rain, less than two hours of rainfall to the city's traffic paralyzed, overpasses under the water up to 2 meters deep, buses, cars into a boat. Similar events have occurred in many cities across the country. The phenomenon of unsynchronized municipal construction and urban renewal remains a considerable problem to this day. Some experts say that, measured in terms of due function, the municipal utilities of most cities in China are not even "healthy".
As of April 2009, the central government's 4 trillion investment has led to more than 30 trillion yuan of local investment. From 4 trillion to more than 30 trillion, these economic growth of the investment have flowed to what areas? Information shows that railroads, highways, aviation, energy and other infrastructure, as well as health care reform, housing security and other livelihood projects are the main flow of investment. For example, a city has made an additional investment of 6 billion yuan, mainly for rail transportation, small and medium-sized enterprises and agriculture, of which 2 billion yuan has been used for land acquisition and relocation for high-speed rail. A province allocated 9 billion yuan of funds, mainly for guaranteed housing, rural livelihood and infrastructure, and major infrastructure construction. A province has organized 330 billion yuan of investment, which is mainly invested in 100 billion yuan of basic network projects, 100 billion yuan of industrial upgrading projects and 100 billion yuan of projects for the benefit of the people. Among them, the project to benefit the people mainly refers to equipping basic service facilities such as education, medical care, culture and sports. However, some experts have pointed out that there seems to be a lack of attention to urban utilities everywhere, while China is still in a stage of relatively insufficient municipal facilities and rapid growth in demand for municipal facilities. Although there is a portion of investment in urban utilities, it is small in proportion and scale, and is not yet sufficient to reflect the important pulling effect of urban utilities on economic growth. The long-term study of urban public utilities experts said that urban public utilities are pioneering, basic, public welfare, need to get more attention. Municipal utilities including urban water supply, centralized heating, garbage disposal, municipal roads and bridges, public **** transportation, landscaping, sewage treatment, piped gas eight aspects of municipal facilities construction. In the urban infrastructure, urban public utilities is an important part, but also an important part of the national economy. In the early days of reform and opening up, talking about attracting investment, economic development, talking more about improving the investment environment. Roads and bridges, communications, water, electricity, gas, heat and other facilities, investors are willing to invest, no one is willing to invest. Municipal utilities have a pioneering and fundamental role in economic development. As a carrier of urban socio-economic activities of urban infrastructure construction, is increasingly being emphasized. Construction and management of urban municipal utilities, guide people to consciously care, maintenance of these facilities, to promote the stable and healthy development of the urban economy, the city function, quality improvement and urban modernization has a particularly important significance.
2. According to statistics, the current national investment in fixed assets of urban municipal facilities in about 1 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 2% of the national GDP. An expert pointed out that because of urban roads, water supply, gas, sewage treatment and garbage disposal and other construction tasks are still arduous, on the basis of the current scale of investment, the investment to expand one times to 2 trillion yuan, it is difficult to say that it will be able to solve the problem completely. China's urbanization process is still in a rapidly rising stage, the funding gap of public utilities rely solely on the Government's single financial input is obviously difficult to fill, the supply of public utilities seriously lagging behind the needs of the community, becoming a bottleneck for economic take-off. Therefore, it is necessary to broaden financing channels and establish a multi-channel, diversified urban municipal investment and financing mechanism. This requires further liberalization of the market and active promotion of market-oriented reform of urban public utilities. Now there are more than 500 million urban population in the country, and in the next 20 years, the country's urban population will reach more than 900 million, which will bring huge market demand for urban utilities. For investors, it is also a huge investment market. In the mid to late 1990s, some places in China have begun to explore the road to market-oriented municipal utilities, some of the city public **** eating food institutions began to be weaned, in December 2002, the former Ministry of Construction issued "on accelerating the process of municipal utilities industry market-oriented views", to encourage social capital, foreign capital to participate in the construction of municipal utilities. In the process of gradual liberalization of municipal public utilities, more and more social capital has entered. According to the statistics of a southern province, 40% of the property rights of urban public transportation, 50% of the property rights of urban water supply and 80% of the property rights of urban gas have been transferred to private capital or foreign capital.
Beginning in 2002, some of the world's largest foreign-funded water groups began to enter China, with huge sums of money to buy water plants. These multinational acquisition moves once confused the country. For example, in May 2002, for example, elegant water group spent nearly 2 billion to obtain the S city water wages 50% of the equity, the operating period of 50 years, and the transfer of the evaluation price of 760 million yuan, Veolia's offer more than the evaluation price of nearly two times. in August 2007, the Y city of water equity transfer project bidding, Sino-French Water Group to 895 million yuan won the bid, the offer for the value of the assets of about five times. Foreign capital this premium acquisition means that many local governments in the country excited. However, the domestic water plant is really worth so much? Some scholars have pointed out that foreign capital such a premium acquisition means that in the future to earn back exponentially, the burden will eventually be shifted to varying degrees to the people.
With the promotion of market-oriented reform of municipal public utilities, some unexpected problems began to appear. 2008 January, a city of more than 300 buses out of service, resulting in the city's more than 70 play the public travel difficulties. Caused by the original intention of the suspension of public transport privatization is running poorly. An industry insider pointed out that after the original Ministry of Construction documents, many local governments began to sell water plants, to door is to cooperate with foreign investors, or simply sold. He believes that the bus lines, water plants sold, itself is not wrong, but the basic analysis of the consolidation of Central Europe did not do thoroughly, only think of someone to buy, the government can still be some of the apprenticeship, sold but no one to manage, so that the loss is the country, the damage is done to consumers. Many places are not fully prepared before opening the door to investment in municipal utilities. This person said, franchising, that is, in the municipal utilities industry, by the government to grant enterprises in a certain time and scope of a municipal utility products or services for the right to operate, the government through a contractual agreement or other means to clarify the rights and obligations between the government and the enterprise to obtain a franchise. Foreign countries to carry out this type of operation generally first need to legislate, while China has skipped such a procedure, and policies and regulations, standards, management measures, management capacity are not matching. Part of the public utilities are destined to be ineffective, which can not be packaged and sold out, but need government investment in order to get up. Can not be handed over to the social capital management, more can not let it make money, not on its management.
3. July 31, 2009, L City, held a "city water supply price reform adjustment hearing", the 18 representatives of the hearing, 17 representatives agreed to adjust the price of water, only one person proposed that "it is best not to raise prices". Once the news came out, social uproar. A website launched a "how to see the price of water in L city" survey, more than 80% of the netizens voted against the August 4, L city through the government website, inviting the netizens to participate in a "water supply price reform adjustment" of the symposium. At the meeting, L City Development and Reform Commission came up with two sets of water price adjustment program, but no matter which set, the basic price of water rose more than 40%, which makes many people feel unacceptable. Some people said: "L city is not short of water, why still have to go up so high?6 years do not adjust the price does not mean you can always go up 40%."
The reporter carried out statistics, the actual presence of 59 representatives of the netizens at the meeting, in a discussion that lasted more than three hours, 39 people spoke. Nine of them starkly opposed the price hike. With the netizen survey more than 80% opposed to the price of water to form a hair difference is that 16 people on the scene clearly indicated that they are in favor of a conditional adjustment of water prices. The main reasons for opposing the price increase, one is that the city of L is not short of water, there is no need to increase the price; the second is that the water group's accounts are not transparent enough. the head of the L city water group suggested that the government later establish a new price monitoring mechanism. He said that some big water users will reduce their water usage due to the price increase. So how will this water price hike affect residents' lives?
The reporter went to an ordinary residential neighborhood and interviewed 74-year-old grandmother Lu and her partner.
Reporter: "Grandma Lu, your family a **** use right less water?"
Lu: "Use 4 tons, 3 tons."
Reporter: "How many people?"
Lu: "5 people"
In Lu's home, the reporter saw a lot of pots and buckets. The old man told reporters that this is all used to store water, save the water to be used to flush the toilet, mopping, watering flowers, in order to save water, the family also special transformation of the flush toilet switch. Grandma Lu and her partner together have a little more than 2,000 yuan per month of retirement pay, but because the son and daughter-in-law have little income, so a family of five people mainly rely on this more than 2,000 yuan, taxes and fees of more than 9 dollars per month.
Reporter: "If you spend a 12/13 dollars a month in the future for water, can you afford it?"
Lu: "I'm careful, I can care."
Shaw, a member of the neighborhood committee, told reporters that residents here are basically saving water in this way. Water charges may be okay if they go up a little, but I'm afraid of a chain of price hikes.
In L city, another big water user enterprise, the reporter learned that they have been in recent years on the equipment for water saving transformation, all industrial water can be recycled and reuse, water utilization rate reached about 97%.
Despite the fact that whoever is in L city has not yet gone up, but from enterprises to ordinary residents, everyone is already making careful use of water to save water. It also gives an answer to why L City used 500,000 tons of water a day in 1995, but now that the city has expanded and the economy has grown, water use has instead dropped to more than 300,000 tons a day.
In the documents of this water price increase in L city, there is a set of figures is very shocking: L city water resources per capita possession of less than 450 cubic meters, about 1/5 of the national per capita possession, the world's 1/20, belongs to the extreme water-poor area. L city hydrology department head said: "the water of the two reservoirs in the vicinity, basically does not count the water rights of the city of L, belongs to the transit water, is the upstream water resources. that are upstream water resources. Even for the several rivers that flow through L city, the amount of water is not as much as what people see. What people see as the wider surface of the L River is actually because of the rubber-plastic dams that hold the water, and the real incoming water, the little bit of water that flows above the dams, that's the real incoming water."
4. December 2006, Q City, urban areas, comprehensive water price adjustment, sewage charges from 5 yuan / ton up to 8 yuan / ton, residential water prices 1.3 yuan / ton up to 1.55 yuan / ton, special industry water from 21 yuan / ton up to 28 yuan / ton. Many people think that Q city is located in the south, rainfall is abundant, there is no need to save water. In fact, this concept is wrong. Q City Planning Water Conservation Office Senior Engineer Mr. Wang said, Q City is in the water resources tension zone, the average total water resources for many years about 10 billion cubic meters, per capita possession of water resources in 2005 was 1,330 cubic meters, of which the coastal counties and municipalities are less than 730 cubic meters, is a "water-poor area! It is a "water-poor area". The national average per capita water resources is 2,200 cubic meters, but Q city is far below this average level. In addition, 70% of the water resources of Q city are distributed in the mountainous areas with small population and low economic level, and the per capita resource possession is 3,595 cubic meters. The coastal areas with dense population and developed economy have less water resources.Q city has strong seasonality of rainfall, uneven spatial and temporal distribution, and about 60%-80% of annual rainfall and annual runoff are concentrated in April-September, especially the plum and typhoon rains, which are time-periods and large in quantity, and are very prone to flooding. Due to the existing water storage project on the river runoff storage regulation capacity is low, water abandonment phenomenon is serious. This unevenness in the distribution of water resources within the year results in an imbalance between supply and demand of water resources within the year. In addition, the loss of water to the sea is serious. Natural water-rich Jinjiang Xixi River Basin due to submerged cropland, immigration and other objective reasons, unable to build large and medium-sized reservoirs, a large amount of water resources directly into the sea, the loss of water accounted for about 30% of the city's water resources Prime Minister.
An expert listed the main problems of water conservation in Q city: the awareness of water resources and water conservation awareness is not strong; the long-term development of bad water habits; with the improvement of living standards, water consumption also increases, the more serious the phenomenon of waste; water prices are low, the water bill accounted for a small proportion of the disposable income, a large amount of water does not hurt; the city's domestic water consumption accounted for about 60% of total water consumption, most residents did not realize the water consumption, and the city's water consumption is about 60% of the total water consumption. About 60% of the city's total water consumption, the majority of residents did not realize the multiple use of water, water efficiency is not high; green water, road water and other public **** water or use of pure tap water; non-water-saving water spigots, tanks, flush toilets and other water appliances still exist in large quantities; the industrial structure needs to be further adjusted, and high water-consuming processes, equipment urgently need to be rectified.
"Low water prices are an important cause of water overconsumption and waste." The expert pointed out that a 10-percent increase in water prices would reduce household water consumption by 3 to 7 percent. He presented a study on the price elasticity coefficient of water consumption in a major city. The study showed that for every 10% increase in water price, water demand will decrease by 3.8%; for every 10% increase in annual income of residents, excluding the impact of water price, water demand will increase by 2.2%. According to the analysis, water expenses accounted for 1 percent of household income on the psychological impact is not significant; accounted for 2% of the time when the amount of water began to pay attention to; accounted for 2.5% of the time to pay attention to water conservation; accounted for 5% of the time to seriously save water; accounted for 10 percent of the time to consider the reuse of water.
"Saving water and using water efficiently is the fundamental way to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. The core of water conservation is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of water use. Many cities across the country have carried out water price reforms and achieved significant results. The expert cited the example of a city in a foreign province. Since the implementation of the ladder price of water, the effect of water saving is very obvious. 1 year and 7 months of time, the authorities, enterprises and institutions to save water rate of 3% to 5%, residents to save water rate of 10% to 15%. The city's Zhengmao community is an old community of more than 1,400 residents, the implementation of ladder price of water, the entire community's monthly water consumption from the previous more than 14,000 tons down to the current 4,200 tons or so, the community residents do not have a monthly water consumption of more than 12 tons of water price range of the first level. This year, Yinchuan city's water-using population increased by nearly 20,000, while residential water consumption fell by 15 percent, reducing the water supply gap by more than 10,000 tons a day due to water conservation.
He believes that changing bad habits can save 70 percent of water. There are many habits related to wasting water, such as using a flush toilet to flush out cigarette butts and crushed fine waste; letting the water run all the time when washing hands, faces and teeth; and equipment that leaks and is not repaired in time....... In addition to good water use habits, the use of water-saving appliances is very important and most effective. There are many water-saving appliances, such as water-saving water tanks and water-saving toilets. Everyone saves a little water, accumulated is a lot of water. It has been determined that 1 drop of water in 1 hour can be set to 3.6 kilograms of water, 1 month can be set to 2.6 tons of water, residents in the purchase of sanitary ware products, the first thing to consider water-saving features.
"This water price hike has increased the cost of washing cars." Car wash store C boss said, "This is a big problem for the development of the industry. If the conditions of municipal supporting facilities are sufficient, such as downtown laid pipes, can be from the sewage treatment plant will be treated water to the car wash store to use, as long as the owner agrees, as a businessman can save water, but also save the water bill, why not do it?" Chen believes that this also requires car owners to change the concept. Because some car owners may think that the water is used sewage, do not want their cars with this water cleaning.
The water pricing reform is also aimed at promoting rainwater harvesting, sewage reclamation and water utilization in the future. After treatment at sewage treatment plants, the water can be reused, for example, to flush toilets, wash cars, water lawns, sprinkle roads and other non-potable water. Stored rainwater has a similar function to that of water.
5. It is reported that a large community developed by a real estate group has a sewage return area, community residents' laundry, washing vegetables, washing face, bathing water all concentrated in this place, used for watering the green space within the area, washing the road. Toilet flushing water is piped to an outdoor septic tank, and then discharged to a sewage treatment plant via city sewers. A responsible person of the group said, "The community has a lot of green area, if all watered with tap water, it is a waste of water resources, and this part of the cost are to be amortized to the owners of the community, resulting in the public share of the cost is also more." He introduced the community area of more than 100,000 square meters, when the initial planning to set up sewage return facilities into the construction costs. Invested 1.5 million yuan to build a sewage return system, can handle 150 tons of sewage, is not after the statistics, I do not know whether it is cost-effective, but this practice not only reduces the burden of the owners, but also save water resources.
Industry experts, the so-called "water", is the discharge of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater recycling, after treatment can be reused water. "Water" in Japan, "water" definition has a variety of interpretations, in the sewage engineering known as "reclaimed water", the factory is called "back to the Water quality is generally used as a distinguishing mark. Its water quality between the tap water (water) and discharged into the pipeline between the sewage (sewage), also known as "water", mainly refers to urban sewage or sewage treatment to meet certain water quality standards, can be reused within a certain range of non-potable water.
Water utilization is also known as sewage reuse. "Water" reuse, on the one hand, for the town water supply to open up a second source of water, can significantly reduce the "water" (tap water) consumption; on the other hand, to a certain extent, to solve the "downstream water "(sewage) on the pollution of water sources, thus playing a role in protecting water sources, water.
6. The price of water is divided into different steps, within different quotas, the implementation of different prices, called step-type water prices. Use of water within the basic quota, the use of benchmark water prices, if the use of water more than the basic quota, the excess part of another ladder of water prices according to the standard charges. Laddered tariffs can be divided into two types: step-up and step-down tariffs. Step-up tariffs mean that as water consumption increases, the price of water increases; step-down tariffs, on the other hand, mean that the greater the water consumption, the lower the price of water. In the case of water scarcity, incremental tariffs should be used. For example, in 2005, a large city in the south announced the domestic water price program: the first level of water base for each household monthly water consumption of 22 cubic meters and below, according to the basic water price of 1.32 yuan / cubic meter water charges; the second level of water base for each household monthly water consumption of 23 cubic meters to 30 cubic meters of the part of the basic price of 1.5 times the water charges; the third water base for each household monthly water consumption of more than 30 cubic meters of the part of the basic price of water charges; the third water base for each household monthly water consumption of more than 30 cubic meters of the part of the basic price of water charges; the third water base for the part of the basic price of water charges. The third tier of water quantity base is the portion of water consumption per household per month above 30 cubic meters, which is charged at two times the basic water price.
The stepped water price shows that the more water consumption you use, the more you pay. Perfect for water resources that are in short supply. Although there are challenges in implementing laddered water pricing, such as infrastructure development, the ratio of steps and how to determine the basic amount of water, they can all be solved through democratic consultation. Step water price advantages are obvious, conducive to promoting water conservation, so that more water users pay a higher price to promote their water conservation, is an important tool for economic means of managing water resources, should be utilized scientifically.
For industrial water users should be the implementation of ladder water price focus. First of all, they use relatively large amounts of water, and secondly, the amount of water facilities are more complete, the number of relatively few residents, but also easy to monitor, will be the focus of the implementation of the recent step water price is very necessary.
7. For many years, the government in order to provide cheap water resources, water prices below the cost of water supply. Theoretically, the composition of the price of water should have included the value of water resources itself, the cost of water projects, the cost of water treatment and water management costs, but also includes the cost of sewage treatment. In fact, the current price of water in China only includes the cost of water projects and water treatment costs (a large city in the north also includes the funds raised for the north-south water transfer). So from the overall situation, urban water prices below cost is a common phenomenon, the government has varying degrees of "secret subsidies", but the people do not really feel the subsidies.
Because of the increase in water prices, water users will pay more attention to water conservation, and increase the enthusiasm of water users to save water. If such an operation were to take place, it would mean that water companies would reduce or even cut off government subsidies, and their main benefit would depend on the water market. Of course, this market is the water market under the government's control, not the water market in the full sense.
March 9, 2009, the Ministry of Water Resources, a responsible comrade said, for a long time the price of water is unreasonable and low price of water, did not respond to the degree of scarcity of water resources and the cost of water environment, resulting in the current waste of water resources is quite serious, water pollution can not be effectively managed. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the water price reform, give full play to the market mechanism and the role of price leverage. The National Development and Reform Commission Price Division thought the official said, local governments have the right to independently adjust the price of water, do not need to go through the National Development and Reform Commission's approval, and do not need to record. But from the goal of resource price reform, the future, including water prices, including resource price reform will certainly be accelerated, which the State Council executive meeting has been clearly done requirements.
Requirements:
One, according to the "given material 1 to 5", briefly answer the following two questions. (20 points)
1. Try to point out the main content of the construction of municipal utilities, and talk about the importance of municipal utilities. (10 points)
Requirements: accurate, concise, no more than 150 words.
Topic Analysis: This topic is entitled to summarize the importance of analysis
Reference Answer: (Answer Key)
Municipal utilities construction is pioneering, basic, public welfare, including: urban water supply, centralized heating, garbage disposal, municipal transportation, gardening, sewage treatment, pipeline gas in eight areas. It is the carrier of the city's economic development, construction and management of urban municipal utilities, economic development has a pioneering, basic role; to promote the stable and healthy development of the urban economy, the function of the city, the quality of the city to improve the modernization of the city has a particularly important significance.
2. What is the problem referred to in the "given material 1" that "not even healthy"? What are the reasons for the problem? (10 points)
Requirements: comprehensive, accurate, organized, no more than 100 words.
Topic Analysis: This question is entitled summary + cause analysis questions
Reference Answer: (Answer Key)
The given information in the first said "not even healthy" refers to: the development of urban municipal utilities lagging behind, can not meet the needs of urbanization, the reason for the existence of this phenomenon, is that the local government of the urban utilities to meet the needs of urbanization. The reason for this phenomenon is that local governments do not attach great importance to urban public utilities, the capital investment in this area is insufficient, the proportion is very small, the scale is not large.
Two, assuming you are a street office staff, please refer to the given information, for the local residents of the community bulletin board to develop a water conservation publicity materials (20 points)
Requirements:
1. reflect the spirit of the state of saving water resources, explaining why we need to conserve water;
2. concise, popular, conducive to the bosses last name understanding;
3. no more than 400 words. 3. No more than 400 words.
Topic Analysis: The title of the official response questions
Reference Answer: (Answer Key)
China's water resources are in short supply, and the distribution of serious uneven, per capita possession of water resources is very small. At present, China's urban residents of water resources and water conservation awareness is not strong, the long-term development of bad water habits; with the improvement of living standards, water consumption increases, the phenomenon of waste is serious; water prices are low, water expenses accounted for a very small proportion of disposable income, a large amount of water does not hurt, the majority of residents did not realize the multi-purpose use of water, the water use is inefficient, and the city of non-water-saving water appliances exist in large quantities. Therefore, we should vigorously advocate the concept of water conservation and efficient water use, on the one hand, actively promote and use of water-saving appliances, on the other hand, the extensive development of rainwater harvesting, sewage recycling and water utilization.
Three, the development of China's municipal utilities are facing a number of urgent problems, a municipal department is ready to draft a program to promote the reform of public utilities, please combine the given information, point out that the program should be clear what problems. (20 points)
Requirements:
1. accurate and comprehensive, well-organized, targeted;
2. concise expression, no more than 400 words.
Reference Answer: (Answer Key)
1. Insufficient capital investment in public utilities, accounting for a small proportion of the national economic development, the scale is not large.
2. In the market-oriented reform of municipal public utilities, the premium acquisition of foreign enterprises, and the burden shifted to the people.
3. In the absence of in-depth pre-analysis and planning, * sell municipal utilities.
4. The law for the operation of municipal utilities rights and obligations are not clearly defined, and the policies, regulations, standards, management measures, management capacity is not supporting.
5. The government lacks supervision and review of municipal utilities.
4. A considerable number of people believe that water is a public **** product or quasi-public **** product, so water should be low-priced. In response to this view, with reference to the given information, write an essay on the basic idea of national water price reform. (40 marks)
Requirements:
1. make up your own topic, with a clear center, a clear point of view, and in touch with the reality;
2. well reasoned, with a complete structure and fluent language;
3. no less than 800 words.
Reference Answer: (Answer Key)
Rebuttal to the erroneous view: although water is a public **** resources, but the current price of our water is lower than the cost of water supply, can not reflect the degree of scarcity of water resources and the cost of governance of the water environment, and therefore, we must speed up the reform of the price of water to give full play to the market mechanism and price leverage (material seven of the third natural paragraph of the Ministry of Water Resources of a The authoritative point of view of a responsible comrade in the Ministry of Water Resources).
Explain the basic idea of the national water price reform: ladder water price, divided into increasing ladder type and decreasing ladder type, explaining the implementation of the increasing ladder nature of the reason is that more water consumption to pay the greater the cost, in line with China's current situation of this water scarcity. This form of price adjustment is conducive to promote water conservation, so that more water to pay a higher price to promote their water conservation, is an important tool for economic means of managing water resources, should be utilized scientifically.
The importance of the national water price reform: first, to promote urban residents to establish the concept of water conservation; second, to promote industrial water users to carry out technological transformation of water conservation; third, it is one of the initiatives to improve water efficiency and effectiveness.