Principles of Design
Principle of Ease of Use of Public **** Facilities
"A merchandiser throws a cookie at your feet and you have to bend down to pick up the broken item - no doubt nine times out of ten in this situation you will be very angry and express your anger, but the vending machine does so at ......" It's clear that the design of many public **** facilities with clear product attributes lacks "the ability to be used easily and effectively by people." We sometimes have to wait in front of ATMs for the elderly person in front of us to repeat the wrong operation over and over again without being able to give a helping hand. This is what the lack of ease of use of public **** facilities causes. Ease of use (Usability) in layman's terms means "whether or how well (the product) works". It is a matter of principle that must be considered in the design of public **** facilities that have a clear use function. For example, the design of the opening of a garbage can should take into account the waterproof function without making it difficult to throw the garbage, or when people use ATMs, how can they no longer use the easy-to-forgot password confirmation method, and how can they remember to retrieve their bank cards after the operation is completed. These are all principles of ease of use that should be considered in the design of public *** facilities.
Public **** facilities security principles
As set up with the public **** environment in the public **** facilities, the design must take into account the participants and users may be in the process of using any behavior, children's nature is to play and playfulness, which can not be changed, and can be changed to the height of the children as a yardstick, less than this height of the public **** facilities should be considered! To the safety of its materials, structure, technology and form, in the beginning of the design will try to avoid the safety hazards caused by the user, this is the principle of security of public **** facilities design.
Public **** facilities systematic principle
Often, in the public **** rest area, or in the public **** seats around the trash cans should be set up, and the number of trash cans should be matched with the number of seats in the public ****, too much will cause waste, and too little will be induced by the behavior of the randomly discarded garbage. It can be seen that there is some kind of matching relationship between public **** seats and trash cans. Another example is the relatively centralized public **** lighting around fitness facilities, which then plays a role in guiding the crowd to use them. In the absence of such centralized lighting, public **** facilities have a relatively low usage rate at night due to a lack of guidance, safety and interactivity. In fact, not only this, such as health facilities, leisure facilities, convenience facilities, fitness facilities and other public **** facilities system, between them and within them there is a natural match between the relationship between the design of this relationship can be summarized as the systematic principle.
Public **** facilities aesthetic principle
As mentioned earlier, the public **** facilities for the creation of the cityscape has an important role in promoting the function of good, elegant form of public **** facilities to meet the functional needs of the same time, but also with the function of aesthetic education. Thus, the public **** facilities design aesthetic should not be ignored, after all, good function and beautiful shape and there is no irreconcilable contradiction, a reasonably designed and very aesthetic public **** facilities, not only can effectively improve the frequency of its use, but also to enhance the care of the public **** facilities, care of the public **** environment awareness, enhance the sense of citizens to the city and the sense of belonging and participation, after all, a civilized public **** environment. Civilized public **** environment should be equally beautiful public **** environment.
Public **** facilities uniqueness principle
Some scholars do not classify the public **** facilities in the category of industrial design, the main reason is that industrial design has a machine, mass production characteristics. And public **** facilities design often use special design, small batch production characteristics, which has similarities with the characteristics of environmental design, and therefore more public **** facilities design as a continuation of environmental design. In fact, with the progress of contemporary processing technology and production technology, the early industrial design of mass production is being transferred to today's "humane", "personalized" small batch production. Design "people" and "environment" factors have been placed in a prominent position to consider, which is consistent with the basic characteristics of the design of public **** facilities. The principle of uniqueness in the design of public **** facilities lies in the fact that the designer should provide different solutions for the same facilities according to the differences in the cultural background, regional environment, city scale and other factors, so as to make it better integrated with the environmental "place".
Public **** facilities principle of fairness
Unlike private products, public **** facilities emphasize more on the equality of participation and fairness of use. The main manifestation is that the public **** facilities should be used equitably by all users regardless of factors such as gender, age, cultural background and education, which is the fundamental difference between public **** facilities and private products. The principle of fairness in design is expressed as universal design (Universal Design) principle or extensive design (Inclusive Design) principle, in our country is more often expressed by the "barrier-free design", since 1967, the European more use of the "design for all". Since 1967, the term "Design for all" has been more commonly used in Europe. In fact, if the meaning of barrier-free design is simply understood as public **** facilities such as blind alleys, ramps and other facilities for people with behavioral disabilities, it is very incomplete. This design principle should be implemented in all public **** products, including in any piece of public **** facilities, the designer should be specific, in-depth, detailed understanding of different genders, ages, cultural backgrounds and habits of the user's behavioral differences and psychological feelings, and not only for behavioral disorders, the elderly, children or women's groups to show the "special" care. The public is not only for people with behavioral disorders, the elderly, children or women, but also for those who are "special".
Public **** facilities rationality principle
Public **** facilities design rationality principle can be basically manifested in the functionality of the appropriate and reasonable material two aspects. The so-called functional moderation mainly refers to: public **** facilities in the single body to meet their own basic functions at the same time, should not induce users to give other functions. Again to public **** seat for example: public **** seat's main function is to provide necessary rest for public **** space in the walker or stay, but the degree of this "rest" level lies in the "sitting", rather than "lying". Sitting", not "lying". Unfortunately, many cities in the public **** seat length is designed to be greater than 150 centimeters, the middle and did not set up handrail partition, such seats often become homeless "bed", not only does not meet the needs of the general public "sitting", but on the contrary, the surrounding environment has a negative impact. Not only does it not meet the needs of the general public to "sit", but it also has a negative impact on the surrounding environment. The so-called reasonable materials mainly refers to: the cost of public **** facilities should be formed with reference to the general income level of the public, designers should give priority to the use of those inexpensive, easy to process and durable materials, to avoid the accumulation of expensive materials to achieve the visual effect of showy. Deliberate destruction of public **** facilities in any city, only the probability of occurrence of different, the quality of the public should not be an excuse for designers to avoid responsibility, the facts have proved that many cities will be cast iron sewer manhole covers replaced with cement material, the theft of manhole covers for the obvious to be curbed, this example effectively proves the rationality of the material for the protection of the public **** facilities are not intentionally destroyed is how important. This example effectively proves how important material rationality is to safeguard public **** facilities from intentional destruction.
Public **** facilities environmental protection principle
Since the 1980s, the ecological environment has gradually become the focus of attention, in the field of design has gradually appeared to advocate environmental protection of "green design", such as Victor Papanak's 1971 book, "For the Real World and DESIGN for REAL WORLD--Human Ecology and Social Change" by Victor Papanack in 1971 and "THE DREEN WORLD: Natural Design for the Real World" (THE DREEN WORLD: Natural Design for the Real World). (THE DREEN IMPERATIVE -- Natural Design For The Real World) have made important contributions to the development of green design. The three principles of green design are abbreviated as "3R", i.e. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. They are now widely used in most design fields. Public **** facilities should also implement the principle of green design, which is by no means the design of a few classified garbage cans can solve the problem, it requires designers in the choice of materials, facilities, structure, production processes, the use of facilities and waste disposal and other aspects must be taken into account to conserve resources and environmental protection principles.
Public **** facilities legal principle
Public **** facilities is the country's collective public **** property,
The state for the protection of public **** facilities developed a series of laws and regulations related to the protection of public **** facilities, such as the "People's Republic of China Public Security Administration Punishments Act", "Criminal Law", the "Constitution", etc., the sanctions against the destruction of public **** facilities of the illegal and criminal behavior made specific provisions for the intentional destruction of public **** facilities. Specific provisions for the intentional destruction of public **** facilities to be severely punished according to law. These laws and regulations vigorously maintain the normal operation of public **** facilities in society, thus guaranteeing the stability of social life. China's Constitution clearly stipulates: "Socialist public **** property is sacred and inviolable. The State protects socialist public **** property. It is forbidden for any organization group or individual to appropriate or destroy state and collective property by any means." Penalties in China include warnings, fines, detention, and revocation of licenses, depending on the crime.