Description of the problem:
School inquiry study, our topic is "on the garbage dumping and treatment of research", please give me some advice or related materials, thanks !!!!
Ans:
I. Basic status
China's garbage disposal started late, the capacity of harmless treatment of garbage is low, and there has been a serious situation of garbage surrounded by cities. In recent years, China's environmental sanitation industry has had a large development, so that the level of urban garbage disposal has increased, and the phenomenon of garbage surrounding the city has been eased. According to 1994 statistics, there were about 380,000 sanitation workers in cities throughout the country***, with about 34,400 various types of sanitation machinery, a garbage disposal rate of 35.8 per cent, and 609 harmless disposal sites, with the capacity for harmless disposal of garbage and the rate of disposal having grown very significantly in recent years. All major cities in China have set up scientific research institutions for environmental sanitation, and have carried out research on urban garbage disposal technology and equipment. During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, the state allocated nearly 10 million yuan, loans of tens of millions of yuan for the development of urban waste composting, landfill, incineration and resource utilization of scientific research, development and demonstration project construction.
Second, the application of garbage disposal technology
The management of urban garbage is a systematic project, including garbage collection, transportation, transfer, treatment and resource utilization and other aspects.
1. Collection of urban garbage
Most of the cities and towns in China are now using mixed collection methods for garbage collection (except hospital garbage). The garbage operation methods and equipment used are mainly the following: fixed garbage bins, storage collection of garbage, movable garbage bins, collection of garbage, garbage can collection, plastic bag collection. Sealed container collection and ground refuse collection, etc. The vast majority of cities are able to achieve timely collection of garbage to maintain a clean environment in residential areas.
2. Urban garbage transportation
As a whole, China's urban garbage collection and transportation rate of mechanization is low, sanitation workers labor-intensive, manual operation, insufficient machinery, equipment performance is poor, about 40% of the country's sanitation appliances, vehicles, etc. need to be renewed, each year, about 10 million tons of urban garbage can not be transported in time to the treatment site as a result.
3. Urban garbage disposal
At present, China adopts the garbage disposal site and resource technology with the rest of the world, mainly using sanitary landfill, composting, incineration and other methods, most of which are used in the city of garbage piles, simple landfill disposal, sanitary landfill, mechanical composting, incineration is also part of the application. China's municipal waste disposal methods are mainly garbage system building materials (bricks) and comprehensive utilization and so on.
(1) The application of landfill technology
For a long time, most of the cities in China have been using open piles, natural filling ditches and pits and other methods of treatment. Only general anaerobic treatment can be achieved. However, in recent years, the construction of landfills has become more and more perfect, and a number of landfills with a higher level have been built, such as Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Suzhou, Beijing, Chengdu, Baotou and other cities according to the actual situation of the city to establish a more complete sanitary landfill, at the same time, landfills produced by the methane gas recycling and utilization of the technology has also been developed. At present, landfill is still the most important way of landfill waste disposal in China.
(2) Application of composting technology
In recent years, China's waste composting development is faster. From the 80's onwards, the application of the "second fermentation process", due to the adoption of the mandatory sealing, aerobic fermentation, shorten the fermentation cycle, composting machinery is becoming more and more perfect, the production tends to industrialization. At present, Wuxi, Changzhou, Tianjin, Shenyang, Beijing, Wuhan and other cities have designed their own mechanized waste composting treatment line for China, many cities have a considerable part of the simple waste composting plant.
(3) the application of incineration technology
China's garbage incineration technology research started in the mid-80s, incineration technology for the garbage harmless, reduction, resource treatment of the most effective way for the future development of garbage disposal, at present, China only has a few cities such as Shenzhen, Leshan, Xuzhou and other cities to set up a garbage incineration treatment plant, incineration power generation demonstration test The system is running well, but the scale is not large and the daily treatment capacity is low. Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Beihai, Guangzhou and other large and medium-sized cities are currently planning to build larger-scale waste incineration sites.