Several risk control modes of financial leasing
Financial leasing as a high-risk industry, the ability to control the risk of its leasing business largely determines the business performance of enterprises. What are the relevant risk control models?
The financial leasing industry is a high-risk industry, the business philosophy must adhere to the principle of risk control first, must be in the risk of controllable premise to seek business development. The kind of business are not talking about risk control argument is naive, as if the game is also the existing rules before the race. Especially in today's economic state: the global economy has just gone through the financial crisis, China's domestic economic growth rate fell back, many enterprises turn to financial leasing mode to ease their supply chain tensions, financial leasing business volume presents a counter-trend upward trend. However, when the business volume is rising, we need to be more prudent and take good risk management.
The whole process of risk control
The whole process of risk control, that is, from business expansion, marketing, customer information management, due diligence until the project approval, contract management, asset management after the lease and compliance management, the whole process of leasing business operations, risk control is not a loop, layer by layer. Financial leasing enterprises can make use of information technology means, through desktop to-do matters, clients, emails, cell phone text messages and other mobile office means, so that employees, regardless of where they are, can participate in the whole financial leasing business at any time in the whole process, such as customer credit qualification confirmation, leasing object status query, project progress follow up, post-lease rent management, etc., through the business process of the whole financial leasing business process in tandem, and The company's business process is linked to the entire financial leasing business process through the business process, and the process management effect is strengthened by tools such as trace control and authority management.
All risk control
All risk control means that not only the first line of business personnel, such as account managers, project managers, etc., and the second line of business risk control personnel, such as the risk control manager, the review commissioner, etc. need to be particularly risk control, other personnel of the company, such as financial personnel, administrative personnel, etc., should also be from different angles and different information channels to pay attention to the risk of the company's business operations. Pay attention to the risks of the company's business operations. The risk control system of financial leasing should be closely linked with the company's organizational structure, enterprise management system and business processes, and clarify the specific duties and business processes of each department, such as the person who develops the project shall not be involved in the approval, the department that manages the money shall not manage the business, and the person who manages the project shall not manage the business development, etc., and bring into play the awareness of the employees of each department of the risk control and internalize the concept of enterprise's risk control through the process into the The company's daily work of each employee, all mobilized to strengthen the wind control.
Comprehensive risk control
Financial leasing is a marginal industry combining finance and trade, involving a wide range of systematic projects, risk control is also a systematic project. The risk control of financial leasing must be built on the basis of the industrial chain, make full use of the management functions of the relevant government departments, effectively integrate the advantages of the leasing industry chain such as financial leasing companies, equipment suppliers, funders and financial leasing intermediaries such as guarantees, insurance, and other leasing intermediaries, complement each other's resources, and will be the pre-precedent risk analysis, the matter of the control of the project, the process of supervision of the assets after the lease, from the financial, business, asset and revenue multi-perspective research, judgement and evaluation, and the development of the financial leasing industry. We investigate, judge and supervise from multiple perspectives, including finance, business, assets and revenue. Through the scientific financial leasing project structure and standardized business operation process, relying on the perfect internal management mechanism of the enterprise, the internal and external risks of financial leasing will be firmly grasped, so as to realize comprehensive risk control.
Financial leasing as a high-risk industry, its leasing business risk control ability to a large extent to determine the business performance. Risk control is an important part of the financial leasing business, and it is the management focus that enterprises need to pay attention to and continuously improve. Internally, the enterprise can combine the business system with the management system to improve the risk control ability of the business from the internal management; externally, the enterprise needs to strengthen the risk qualification research on the market, industry, and customers to provide scientific judgment basis for business expansion, industry selection, and customer selection. Through the use of process management, authority management, business management and other means, through the integration and optimization of various types of system resources within the enterprise, the establishment of the whole process, full staff, comprehensive risk control mechanism, the formation of three-dimensional, dynamic risk control system.
Types of financial leasing company riskFinancial leasing involves three parties financial leasing company, the seller and the lessee, the financial leasing company needs to sign a contract with the seller and the lessee, because of the existence of two contractual relationships, the risk of which is characterized by complexity and diversity. Financial leasing company's business risk mainly has the following types:
(a) credit risk. Traditional credit risk refers to the risk brought about by the default of the counterparty, and the credit risk in the modern sense not only includes the risk brought about by the actual default, but also includes the risk of loss due to changes in the credit status and performance ability of the counterparty, resulting in changes in the value of the creditor's assets.
(ii) Exchange rate risk. Exchange rate risk refers to the financial leasing company in the operation of international financial leasing business due to a country's currency into another country's currency rate of change may lead to the risk of economic loss.
(iii) interest rate risk. Interest rate risk refers to the international or domestic political, economic and even military reasons for uncertain changes in the level of bank interest rates, and cause losses to the actors, it is an opportunity risk.
(d) political risk. Political risk refers to the risk arising from the political environment that affects the normal business activities of the financial leasing company or certain policy measures taken by the government that affect the business activities of the financial leasing company.
(v) technology risk. Technical risk refers to the risk of obsolescence of leased property due to technological innovation and constant changes in market demand.
Preventive measures for financial leasing company risks
According to the characteristics of the existence of various risks in the financial leasing company, relevant risk defense measures can be formulated:
(a) Preventive measures for credit risk. Financial leasing transaction is a kind of object as a carrier, for the purpose of financing transaction. On the one hand, the lessee relies on its own good credit to attract the financial leasing company to finance for it, on the other hand, the financial leasing company should also rely on its good creditworthiness to attract the society to raise capital and inject funds for it. It can be seen that the creditworthiness of any party in the process of financial leasing transactions will lead to the generation of financial leasing risks, so it is necessary to establish an all-round credit risk prevention system.
The financial leasing company should utilize all kinds of information to investigate the credit situation of the supplier before concluding the sale and purchase contract. For poor credit or creditworthiness of the supplier really can not be identified, you can ask the lessee to replace or provide appropriate security to prevent the supplier's default risk. When the financial leasing company enters into a financial leasing contract, it may require the counterparty to provide a certain amount of security deposit, so that when the lessee has difficulties in delivering rent, the security deposit may be used to offset the rent. When signing the contract, the parties to the financial leasing contract, should be in strict accordance with the relevant laws and decrees of China, to clarify the rights and obligations of the parties, as well as the way to take when the dispute is resolved. In the process of fulfillment of the financial leasing contract, the financial leasing company should improve the internal risk control mechanism, conduct regular business monitoring of the lessee, and require the lessee to provide business statistics during the lease period, in order to facilitate the mastery of the dynamic situation of the leased assets.
(ii) Preventive measures for exchange rate risk. Between the purchase of leasing equipment to pay for the goods, due to changes in the exchange rate caused by the loss of the transaction risk, financial leasing companies can take the full amount of risk avoidance strategy. The so-called full risk avoidance strategy refers to the financial leasing company to use a variety of methods and techniques to compensate for exchange rate risk to reduce or eliminate future losses that may be suffered due to exchange rate changes. If the financial leasing company in the process of purchasing the leasing equipment needed by the lessee, the strength of the stronger, in the absolute advantage of competition, you can eliminate the exchange rate of the transaction risk by using the way of RMB valuation.
(C) the preventive measures of interest rate risk. The basic principle of interest rate risk avoidance is: financial leasing company will be the future uncertainty of the interest rate risk reduced to a tolerable range. The central bank according to the needs of the national macro-control to decide the development of interest rate levels and interest rate structure of the 'adjustment, financial leasing company can not control. Therefore, for the financial leasing risk brought about by interest rate fluctuation, especially when the future expected interest rate level rises and increases the cost, the financial leasing company can sign a floating interest rate contract with the lessee, and agree to adjust the original interest rate level accordingly when the bank interest rate rises to increase the rent; or agree in the financial leasing contract to calculate the rent payable in each installment according to the market interest rate at the time of payment of the rent, so as to reduce the risk brought about by the interest rate fluctuation in advance. This is to minimize the risk of interest rate fluctuations in advance.
(d) Political risk prevention measures. Political risk comes from the changes and adjustments of national policies, which cannot be predicted and controlled by the financial leasing company through various ways in the process of operation. Therefore, the financial leasing company has to comprehensively examine the domestic and international political and economic situation, pay attention to the policy direction at any time, and take necessary measures in time to reduce the business risks.
(E) preventive measures of technical risk. Reduce technological risk, focusing on the project and financial and economic feasibility studies, do a good job of similar products and forecasts. In science and technology continues to change rapidly today, to prevent technical risk is particularly important, usually, the lessee will be based on the market market and the trend of development, in a full understanding of the technical level of the leased goods and the speed of renewal on the basis of the choice of leased goods. In the financial leasing transactions, the leased property is generally selected by the lessee, but the financial leasing company in the conditions allow, should also be the leased property of the technical situation of the necessary investigation and prediction, because the leased property is too outdated technology, will be very eliminated due to technological updating, which leads to a decline in the lessee's ability to pay rent, affecting the financial leasing company's rental interests.
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