1, r knife
"Gamma knife" named "knife", but in fact is not a real scalpel, it is a hemispherical helmet covered with a straight aligner, the helmet can shoot 201 cobalt 60 high-dose ionic rays --- gamma rays. gamma rays. It is precisely localized in a certain area, which we call the "target point", by modern imaging techniques such as CT and magnetic **** vibration. Its positioning is extremely accurate, often with an error of less than 0.5 millimeters; the dose gradient of each gamma ray is so large that there is almost no damage to the tissue. However, 201 rays gathered together from different locations can lethally* destroy the target tissue. It is named for its function as if it were a scalpel, and has the advantages of being non-invasive, requiring no general anesthesia, no incision, no bleeding and no infection.
Gamma Knife is divided into Head Gamma Knife and Body Gamma Knife. The head gamma knife is a cobalt source mounted in a spherical helmet, which is focused on a point inside the skull to form a narrow beam of gamma rays with sharp edges. The narrow beams are converged on the lesion to form a confined high-dose zone to destroy the lesion during treatment, and are mainly used for the treatment of small intracranial tumors and functional diseases. Body Gamma Knife is mainly used to treat various tumors in the whole body.
2, gas pedal
Accelerator is a device to increase the speed (kinetic energy) of charged particles. Gas pedal can be used for atomic nuclear experiments, radiomedicine, radiochemistry, radioisotope manufacturing, non-destructive flaw detection. The energy added to the particles is generally above 0.1 MeV. There are many types of gas pedals, cyclotron, linear gas pedal, electrostatic gas pedal, particle gas pedal, pressure-doubling gas pedal and so on.
3, TOMO
TOMO is a CT scanning with fan-shaped field of spiral irradiation to achieve intensity-modulated radiotherapy equipment. Spiral TOMO bed and frame similar to the spiral CT type continuous movement, slip ring frame structure so that TOMO can easily capture CT images of the patient's treatment position, and use this information to achieve image guidance. TOMO's history of development is also an advanced technology from academic research to the University of industrial cooperation, and ultimately commercialized and large-scale clinical applications of the story.
Because TOMO is an MVCT image scan that is performed before each treatment and re-planned based on changes in GTV, it significantly reduces the volume of normal tissue irradiated at high doses. Moreover, it has the method and ability to deal with large-scale, systemic multiple metastases, intermediate and advanced, strange and extremely complex tumors, and can even change the previous "palliative treatment" to "radical treatment".
Professor Xia Tingyi, director of the All-Army Tumor Radiotherapy Center, once introduced that radiotherapy is mainly divided into four parts, i.e., the modern radiotherapy "four parts": positioning, locking, calculating and implementing.
TOMO, compared with traditional therapies, has the most important features: higher tumor dose conformity, more accurate tumor dose intensity regulation, and finer dose regulation of normal tissues around the tumor. Specifically embodied in:
(1) 360-degree rotation, 51 arcs, all-round tomography irradiation. The online imaging system determines or precisely adjusts the tumor position, and thousands of radioactive subfields implement precise irradiation in a spiral fashion around the patient. This allows a highly conformal prescription dose to be delivered to the target area, with sensitive organs greatly reduced or avoided.
(2) Superior image guidance: TOMO's imaging and treatment utilize the same radiation source, the megavoltage ray, which allows CT data to be collected at the same time as radiation therapy, allowing for the smooth integration of radiation therapy and spiral CT.
(3) Adaptive radiotherapy with dynamic tracking and positioning: The CT imaging detector collects X-rays that penetrate the patient's body while radiotherapy is being administered, thus projecting the actual amount of radiation energy absorbed by the tumor, and providing scientific and accurate reference data for future radiotherapy doses.
(4) Wide treatment range, fewer treatment sessions, and high degree of automation: TOMO integrates treatment planning, dose calculation, megavoltage CT scanning, positioning, verification, and spiral radiation functions, and the degree of automation of treatment positioning and verification is high, spending less time.