The garbage from the transfer stations is transported to sanitary landfills, where it is filled into prepared pits, covered and compacted, so that it undergoes biological, physical, and chemical changes to decompose the organic matter, and to achieve the purpose of minimization and harmlessness. These pits are lined with specialized pipes and impermeable layers to collect the gas and leachate produced by the fermentation of the waste.
The gas is burned, part of the leachate is purified and processed into water, which is used to clean garbage trucks as well as ground dust, and part of the leachate is filtered to meet national-level standards before being discharged, without polluting the environment.
Some of the garbage was transported to a composting plant, where it was composted into hygienic, odorless humus, which was used as fertilizer for plants. Others are sent to incinerators for burning, which fully oxidizes the combustible components of the garbage and generates heat that is used to generate electricity and heating.
China has 140 waste-to-energy plants that have been built, are under construction and are being submitted for approval. One ton of garbage can generate 300 degrees of electricity, and the waste heat can also be used for heating. The Tianjin Shuanggang garbage power plant, which handles 1,200 tons of garbage a day, generates 120 million degrees of electricity a year for 50,000 households, which is equivalent to saving 48,000 tons of standard coal.
For garbage that can be recycled, it will be recycled and reused. In the process of dealing with garbage, China has formulated a number of relevant standards, such as standards for controlling agricultural use of urban garbage, standards for harmless sanitation of feces, and standards for emission of incineration exhaust gas.
Among the waste treatment methods, incineration is slower to develop in China, mainly because of the lack of funds. The upfront investment in incineration is large, and it takes about 700-800 million yuan to build an incinerator that treats 1,000 tons of garbage per day and ancillary heat recovery equipment.
And because incineration produces dioxin gas, many cities don't use it much except for medical waste. Many cities are more likely to use sanitary landfills, a method that environmental officials say is better suited to China's conditions.
Chinese Environmental Protection Industry Association (CEPIA) Municipal Domestic Waste Disposal Committee data show that 70 percent of China's municipal waste is disposed of in landfills, 20 percent by composting, 5 percent by incineration and 5 percent by other methods (including open piles and recycling).
Extended InformationWaste treatment is to remove the garbage quickly and treat it in a harmless, resourceful and reduced way. At present, the following are the main ways of harmless garbage treatment widely used at home and abroad: 1. landfill method; 2. incineration method; 3. composting method; 4. resource treatment (carefully classify the municipal household garbage, and then use suitable methods to treat the garbage according to the different natures of the classified garbage respectively).
The promotion and use of waste transfer stations not only beautifies the environment, but also eliminates secondary pollution, reduces the breeding of flies and mosquitoes, improves the efficiency of loading, reduces the labor intensity of workers, and greatly reduces operating costs.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Garbage Transfer Station