Clinical Immunoassay
AbstractThis paper is mainly on the clinical immunoassay to do a detailed study and discussion; the beginning of the article first introduces the Linchuan immunoassay development of the history of immunoassay and the progress of modern clinical testing immunoassay.
Secondly, the author according to their own years of clinical immunization test work experience for the current stage of China's clinical medicine immunization test link exists in some of the problems put forward some of their own views and solutions.
Finally, the article is summarized.
Keywords: clinical medicine; immunization test; history; solutions
1 Introduction
With the world economy and the booming development of science and technology, the development of medical technology in the modern era has made a series of world-renowned achievements in terms of clinical immunology testing, has become an indispensable and important part of the diagnosis and treatment of the work of modern hospitals.
With the continuous development of modern medical diagnostic technology, how to effectively control the quality of clinical immunology tests has a direct impact on the accuracy of clinical diagnostic results, but also indirectly affect the final clinical treatment.
As the whole process of specimen collection in the immune test specimens from the collection to the results of the test need to go through more links, which is on the clinician to the patient's physiology, pathology, and dispute method of familiarity with the degree of comprehensive skills put forward a high demand;
2 Clinical Immunology test of the establishment and development of the test
Clinical immunology test since its establishment so far has been a hundred years. experienced a hundred years of spring and fall.
Since the late 1880s, as many scholars and experts began to immunize animals or carry infectious diseases in the serum of patients with viruses found to be able to cure the patient's disease specifically binds to the pathogen or a series of derivatives of the `substance, and these substances and we are now familiar with the antibody.
In modern medicine, substances that cause the body to produce antibodies are collectively referred to as antigens.
It was the discovery of antigens and antibodies that prompted modern medical experts and scholars to conduct systematic and in-depth research on the phenomenon of antibody production in humans and animals in response to in vitro antigenic stimuli.
With the theory of immunology and molecular biology and other modern science and technology based on the emerging clinical immunology test can have rapid development.
3 methods to improve the quality of clinical immunology testing
3.1 optimization of specimen collection and equipment management
As a test before the analysis of the quality control requirements, the test personnel need to do the first of all the collection of specimens and preservation of the work; pay close attention to the entire process of sample collection in the collection of samples of the sample collection time, tourniquet time and method of using the time and method of blood collection posture, Anticoagulant and stabilizer selection.
Immunoassay work, first of all, requires the test personnel to pay attention to the entire specimen collection and processing work.
Different sampling tests have different requirements for the specimen collected.
For most of the patient's serum as the specimen of immunological testing, the collection of serum should be collected early in the morning before the collection of the person has not eaten is appropriate, to maintain the dryness of the syringe, the completion of the blood draw need to immediately remove the needle and the blood collected into a dry test tube, pay attention to the entire process of injection of blood sampling personnel should not be injected into the blood too fast, can not be sampled for a series of shaking and other impermissible actions, to prevent lysis of the specimen, and to avoid the use of the blood. The sampler should not be too fast during the whole process of blood injection, and should not shake the sampled sample to prevent hemolysis.
After the serum separation is completed, it should be sent to the test in a timely manner, and if you need to request the preservation of the sample, the sample can be placed in the refrigerator, should not be frozen to prevent the repeated freezing and thawing of the entire test results have an adverse effect.
As the collection of serum specimens for the determination of the process, the use of hormones and therapeutic drugs to pay special attention to changes in the collection time and changes in the position of the test personnel on the results of the entire measurement; second, in the procurement of personnel for the selection of equipment and reagents have a very large impact on the results of the entire measurement; as the implementation of the entire test for the instrumentation The performance of the good and bad will directly affect the accuracy of the test results.
At the end of the whole test should pay attention to the set of instrument maintenance and maintenance work, the staff should be often on the thermometer, water bath, enzyme marker, dilution bar, thermostat, pipette, spectrophotometer and other clinical immunological testing of the instrumentation and equipment for the approval, calibration and inspection work, so as to ensure that the use of instrumentation and equipment performance, to reduce the experimental process because of the instrumentation caused by the error, and then to ensure the accuracy of the test results to the purpose. The purpose of the test results is to ensure the accuracy of the test results, and ultimately to provide the most useful protection for the treatment of the consciousness and the recovery of the patient.
For today's reagent market, where products are mixed and of varying quality, careful selection and frequent testing of reagents is an important factor in ensuring the success of the test.
3.2 Improve the quality of technical personnel
People are the main body of the whole process of immunization testing, is the most active in the whole process of immunization testing, the performance of the most active factors.
In all aspects of the immune testing process, it is necessary to rely on people to operate the entire test and grasp, and ultimately achieve the goal of quality control of the entire clinical immunology testing.
Therefore, in the whole process of clinical immunoassay testing of the comprehensive quality of test technicians and business capacity will have a significant impact on the quality of the whole immunoassay test and results.
Therefore, the clinical immunoassay staff are required to disinfect the relevant testing equipment on time every day, good laboratory hygiene; do a good job of regular inspection of the relevant experimental equipment: such as refrigerators, thermostats, water baths, enzyme markers, fluorescence microscopes, etc., do a good job of the entire experimental instrumentation to record the use of the situation, and truthfully fill in the experimental report, the immune system according to the provisions of the quality control of the work of the test, and analyze the situation to make a record, sign, and sign.
4 Clinical immunology testing and biotechnology
With modern new science and technology as the basis for the wide application of clinical immunology testing technology, the development of modern immunology research has played a very large role in promoting the fly, the results of which is in a deeper level and a more extensive field of modern high-tech biomedical technology industry to promote the development of the industry, can make, such as cellular engineering and genetic engineering technology as a representative of modern immunology research. The result is to promote the development of modern high-tech biomedical technology industry in a deeper and more extensive field, and to make the modern high-tech technology such as cell engineering technology and genetic engineering technology more widely used.
In recent years, the bioengineering products industry has been booming with the development of vaccines, genetically engineered antibody therapies, and recombinant cytokines, which have greatly facilitated the development of modern immunology, played a strong role in curbing the spread of many infectious diseases, and thus made a great contribution to the saving of more lives.
5 Summary
Therefore, for the entire process of clinical immunization testing, comprehensive quality management of immunization testing is an important guarantee to ensure the accuracy of the results of clinical immunization testing.
As the immune test specimen collection to the specimen for the test of this process need to go through a very tedious and complex series of links, therefore, requires clinicians must be familiar with the patient's physiology, pathology, at the same time, but also requires the nursing staff and testing personnel on the clinical immune test of the various factors affecting to have a comprehensive and systematic understanding and awareness of each link of the operation must be standardized, fully in accordance with the standardized operation, the operation must be carried out. The operation of each link must be standardized and carried out in full accordance with the standards to ensure the reliability and accuracy of immunization tests and improve the effectiveness of clinical treatment.
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