What is the method of X-ray machine troubleshooting?

" In order to successfully troubleshoot and restore the normal operation of the X-ray machine, you need to be familiar with the structure of the machine and the design data, familiar with the characteristics of various types of faults and causes, in accordance with the principles of overhaul, precautions and reasonable use of overhaul methods, which is an important guarantee of a good overhaul. First, the classification of X-ray machine failure X-ray machine failure can usually be divided into two categories of mechanical and electrical failures. (A) mechanical failure that is the failure of mechanical components. Such as mechanical rotating parts failure or jamming; mechanical precision changes; machine parts bending, deformation, broken and fractured; mechanical connections and fixings loose or loose, etc.. The latter two failures not only affect the normal operation of machinery, but also likely to cause damage to the machine, or even dangerous, should pay special attention to the inspection and timely maintenance. (B) circuit failure 1. According to the nature of the fault can be divided into open-circuit failure; short-circuit failure; component aging, damage to the fault. 2. According to the nature of the fault where the circuit can be divided into low-voltage circuit failures; high-pressure circuit failure. x-ray machine maintenance, should be based on the fault phenomenon is to determine the high-voltage circuit failure, or low-pressure circuit failures, and then carry out a step-by-step inspection, in order to reduce the number of tests to shorten the checking time, this has proved to be a well-established method. Practice has proved that this is a proven method. Second, the causes of failure and failure characteristics (a) the causes of failure X-ray machine failure is mainly due to normal wear and tear, improper use, improper maintenance and repair is not timely, improper adjustment, poor quality of the machine, the impact of the power supply and so on. Although there are many reasons for failure, but in summary, is three elements in the role of the decision, namely, the operator, the environment and the equipment itself. The degree of specification on the operation, the environment is good or bad, and the quality of the equipment determines the incidence and severity of the failure. (ii) Failure characteristics X-ray machine failure occurs in different degrees, the characteristics are different. Familiar with the characteristics of the fault and the manifestation of the fault judgment and find is very helpful. 1. sudden and persistent phenomenon Some faults occur suddenly after the phenomenon is clear. For example, X-ray machine high-voltage part of the insulation material is broken, there will be a sudden and significant increase in current, this phenomenon has always continued, only the degree will gradually strengthen. The above high-voltage failure, should be as little as possible for the test, so as not to expand the fault, resulting in greater losses. Excerpted from: Shanghai mdsin medical (mdsin?com). 2. Occasional and sporadic Some failures occur by chance, manifested as sporadic, irregular. This is usually due to poor contact caused by the failure phenomenon.3. Regularity Some failures occur under certain special conditions, manifested in a certain regularity. For example, X-ray machine low kilovolts when the work is normal, but to a certain kilovolt above the tube head on the discharge, reduce the conditions and then work normally, which indicates that the insulating oil within the tube sleeve is not enough pressure, need to be replaced.4. Gradual change of some of the degree of failure phenomena with the longer time and conditions increase and intensify, until it can not work at all. This is mainly due to the aging of the device, especially electronic devices. In short, the X-ray machine failure characteristics of a variety of, seize the surface phenomenon, to analyze and judge, check and measure, you can find out the essence of the problem, so as to avoid the expansion of the failure and get timely overhaul. Third, overhaul principles and considerations (a) overhaul principles 1. overhaul personnel should have overhaul of the X-ray machine expertise and a certain amount of maintenance experience, should be able to effectively utilize the X-ray machine's relevant technical information and data, and should have a serious and conscientious work style. 2. should pay attention to careful observation, comprehensive and detailed clarification of the symptoms of the failure and the state of affairs, and according to the characteristics of the failure of the comprehensive analysis, develop a reasonable overhaul plan, to avoid the expansion of the problem and get timely overhaul. Develop a reasonable overhaul plan, do not blindly overhaul. 3. After overhauling the machine for the necessary tests and adjustments, and fill out a more detailed maintenance records. Records should include the maintenance object, fault phenomenon, inspection results and treatment methods. (B) Notes 1. To check the overhaul plan, and depending on the specific circumstances of the flexible, in the event of a new situation, should first be carefully analyzed from the principle of the circuit, revise the plan, and then continue to check the 2. Overhaul should pay attention to the order of disassembly, record number, in order to avoid restoration of the increase in unnecessary trouble, and even cause new failures. Uninstalled things should be placed separately, and installed in a timely manner after maintenance, so as not to be left inside the machine caused by circuit short-circuit, or even high-voltage discharge, damage to the X-ray tube and other components. 3. Overhaul of low-voltage circuits or high-voltage circuit measurements and inspections, you must remove the high-voltage primary wiring and high-voltage generator on the high-voltage primary wiring short, in order to prevent accidents caused by electric shocks. When generating high voltage, in addition to the use of special test equipment, never allow testing or inspection within the high-voltage circuit. 4. For high-voltage cables or through high-voltage cables for measurement and inspection, the high-voltage cable core must first be discharged to ground to avoid causing high-voltage electric shock, endangering human life. 5. Emphasis on protection. When the exposure test must be carried out, the beamer should be closed, or the X-ray tube head window should be covered with a lead skin, etc. 6. Repeated tests should be avoided in case of short-circuit faults, such as high-voltage breakdowns, leakage from the machine, and excessive current, etc. If it is necessary to try, choose a low-voltage cable or a high-voltage cable with a low voltage. If you have to try, you should choose low conditions, once the fault phenomenon will be observed clearly. If repeated tests, it will cause the failure to expand or damage the device. Fourth, the common method of X-ray machine fault checking When the X-ray machine failure, the first thing the repairer should do is to make clear which part of the machine is out of order, what type of failure and the cause. To quickly identify the fault and eliminate it, need to have a reasonable and effective means of inspection, do not just analyze the wiring diagram, but also to avoid blindly carry out measurements, so as not to over-exert themselves. (A) intuitive method, also known as the sense of touch method, that is, the use of human senses through the means of seeing, listening, smelling and touching to determine where the fault is. This method applies to the inspection of surface faults, such as eye observation of X-ray tube filament is lit, the circuit with or without ignition and discharge, components and wiring with or without damage or dislodgement, etc.; with the ear to listen to the work of the machine with or without abnormal sound, rotating anode to start the operation of the normal operation of the contactor, high-voltage switching gate whether the work of the high-voltage generator or the head of the discharge sound, etc.; with the nose to smell whether the wires, transformers, wire packages, high heat or burnt paste odor. Or burnt paste flavor; in the machine after the power failure, touch some components, such as resistors, transformers, X-ray tube head, from its temperature rise can determine whether the device is normal. Facts show that the vast majority of failures can be determined by visual method and the use of general knowledge analysis. (B) short method when the suspicion that a control loop should be through not through, you can use the wire to short a section of the line or some of the control contacts, to determine where the fault is. This method is simple and easy to use, only a clip line, can be shorted point by point method to find out the fault, is to check the X-ray machine open-circuit fault is extremely effective means. (C) excision method excision method, also known as the isolation method, that is, the circuit is segmented, divided into several parts of the check one by one, in order to exclude each other's influence. The method is suitable for short-circuit fault checking, is an effective way to locate some difficult faults. In the unit circuit, in the whole circuit or even the whole system is so the use of the excision method, just how much difference in the content of the excision. (D) alternative method alternative method, also known as the replacement method, generally refers to the same model or similar value of components and circuit boards to replace the suspect part of the inspection method. Using people to drive the action of electrical appliances (such as relays) can also be considered as an alternative method. This method is adapted to the circuit of a component or circuit in doubt, and there is no other better way to identify its good or bad use of the situation. However, it should be noted that, before substitution, the electrical parameters of the circuit must be measured, only in the case of normal electrical parameters can be replaced, so as not to damage the replacement parts, or even expand the fault. (E) measurement method measurement method, also known as the instrumentation method, is to borrow the test instrumentation, such as multimeter, voltmeter, ammeter, oscilloscope, etc. to check the fault. Because the human sensory organs are only suitable for checking the fault with a more obvious surface phenomena, and can not determine the cause of some of the faults, the nature and location, and even more unable to make a "quantitative" judgment of the fault, so in many more complex occasions to be examined through the test instrumentation, even with a computerized self-test function of X-ray machines. Can not be an exception. As maintenance personnel must be familiar with the use of commonly used test instruments and meters, test should be clear what to measure, when to measure, where to measure, why to measure and how to measure, but also should be able to analyze the test results. The above five kinds of fault checking method, is not isolated. A fault repair, may use one or several or even all of these methods, only in practice, flexible use, theory combined with practice, in order to accurately and quickly troubleshooting. "