RA is right upper, position: right mid-clavicular line first intercostal space (actually subclavian)
RL is right lower, position: right mid-clavicular line flat raphe level
C position: left edge of the sternum between the fourth intercostal space
LA is left upper, position: left mid-clavicular line between the first intercostal space
LL is sitting down, position: left mid-clavicular line flat raphe level
PS: The raphe is the lowermost part of the sternum
Cardiac electricity - rhythmic contraction and diastole of the heart is the power source of blood circulating in the blood vessels, and the excitation of cardiomyocytes and propagation of excitation is based on the bioelectrical activity of the cell membrane. The totality of the bioelectrical activity of all cardiac cell membranes constitutes the electrocardiographic signal.
Electrocardiogram-The electrocardiogram signal is transmitted through the body tissues to the body surface, where it is monitored by electrocardiographic electrodes and traced out on a time axis, constituting an electrocardiogram.
Monitors are generally capable of monitoring multi-conducting or 12-conducting electrocardiograms (ECGs) and can further analyze the ECG waveforms, such as: arrhythmia analysis, pacing analysis, ST-segment analysis.
Monitoring ECG is not a complete substitute for a standard electrocardiograph; current monitored ECG waveforms generally do not provide the finer structure of the ECG waveform, and the two instruments have different bandwidths in the measurement circuit.
Electrocardiographic monitoring is divided into heart rhythm (beat) monitoring and heart rate (rate) monitoring. The so-called rhythm refers to the regularity of the heartbeat, i.e., whether the period between each heartbeat and the next is equal; the so-called heart rate refers to the number of times the heart beats per minute, and rhythm and heart rate are two completely different concepts. ECG monitoring in critically ill patients is the most effective means of monitoring the heart rhythm. Through monitoring, abnormal heart rhythm, various heart rhythm disorders, such as atrial and ventricular premature beats, myocardial blood supply, electrolyte disorders and so on, can be found.
There are many types of cardiac monitoring systems, generally including electrocardiographic oscilloscope, recording devices, heart rate alarms and rhythm disorder alarms and other parts of the continuous monitoring of heart rate and rhythm changes.
This device can be a single host, or multiple extensions to form a network, set up a total monitoring station. It can also be wire-connected or via wireless telemetry. The recording part can be automatic or controlled by the guardian. Abnormal conditions (e.g. heart rate <60, >100 beats/minute and/or heart rhythm disorder) can be automatically alarmed and recorded by the monitoring system according to the preset values for professional reference and analysis.
The ECG lead electrodes of the monitoring system are mostly made of silver-silver chloride. Cardiac monitoring is aimed at timely detection of heart rhythm disorders and/or bradycardia, tachycardia and other conditions, rather than conventional ECG as the analysis of S-T segment abnormalities, or more detailed analysis and interpretation of the ECG, so the electrode plate placed on the site and the conventional ECG is different from the clinic is often referred to as the monitoring lead, but the electrode plate placed on the site should be able to meet the following conditions:
1.P wave is clear and obvious (e.g. sinus rhythm), the P wave is clear and obvious (e.g. sinus rhythm), the P wave is clear and obvious (e.g. sinus rhythm). If the sinus rhythm).
2. The amplitude of the QRS wave should be clear and reach a certain amplitude to trigger heart rate counting and alarm.
3. It should not interfere with resuscitation operations (e.g., electrical defibrillation).
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Cardiac Monitoring