3.1.1 Trade Competent Department
The government department in charge of trade in Mongolia is the Ministry of Economic Development.
3.1.2 Trade regulations system
Mongolia’s main trade-related laws include the “Investment Law”, “Customs Law”, “Tariff Law”, “Special Tax Law”, “ Value Added Tax Law, Company Law, etc.
3.1.3 Relevant provisions on trade management
Mongolia mainly uses two basic means, tariffs and non-tariffs, to coordinate foreign trade policies within the framework of the World Trade Organization. Starting from July 1, 1999, except for the 9 zero-tariff goods agreed with the World Trade Organization in 1996, all other imported goods will be taxed57. of tariffs.
Export license Mongolia’s exports require a license. The competent government department will review the export contract and plan and issue the license.
Import and export documents The document requirements for import and export are: ① 3 invoices from the carrier. The invoice must state the name of the goods, specifications, names and addresses of the buyer and seller, departure time, goods Quantity, gross weight, net weight, number of shipping packages or boxes, value, etc. ② Generally, there is no need for a certificate of origin of goods, but if the buyer or the letter of credit requires it, two copies of the certificate officially issued by the commercial management department are required, and a notarized certificate must be attached.
There are no special provisions for waybills. But customarily, the waybill must indicate the shipper, carrier, consignee and address, port of arrival, commodity type, name, waybill number, date and signature of the carrier's official receipt.
Mongolia stipulates that since February 16, 1995, all imported goods entering Mongolia via air and railway must have a cargo list. The purpose of taking this measure is to bring import management in line with international practices, while ensuring customs inspections and reducing the detention of transportation vehicles at border ports.
According to the "Import and Export Goods Quality Certification Agreement" signed in 1994, China and Mongolia conduct commodity quality inspections on each other's goods at their respective ports. After passing the inspection, mutual certification will be carried out, based on written documents. When passing through customs, you must declare, fill in a customs tax declaration form, and pay customs duties.
Goods prohibited from import and export According to Mongolia’s “List of Prohibited Entry and Exit and Non-tariff Restricted Goods”, the country prohibits the entry and exit of narcotics and their use, tools for producing narcotics, and narcotic plants (medical narcotics, The import of plants is released based on the approval of the central administrative agency in charge of health), and all types of alcohol are prohibited from entering.
According to Mongolia’s “List of Products Restricted by Exit Prohibition and Non-tariff Restrictions”, the export of uranium ore and its fine powder, breeding livestock, livestock, animal semen embryos, and microbial propagation products is restricted. , wild animals and their raw products, specimens for research related to wild animals, general historical and cultural souvenirs, and collections and collections used for animal, plant, mineral research and anatomy, archaeology, paleontology, ethnology and numismatic research goods; restrictions on the temporary export of historical and cultural precious souvenirs; restrictions on the import and export of medical and preventive organs, donated blood, highly toxic chemicals, firearms, weapons, combat supplies, equipment and their accessories, equipment, and explosives that must be monitored.
3.1.4 Inspection and Quarantine of Imported and Exported Commodities
Mongolia’s State General Administration of Technical Supervision has organized the border health and infectious disease research departments, border veterinary and plant quarantine departments into border quality and standard supervision. Departments were integrated to establish the Border Technical Supervision Bureau. The main laws and regulations that need to be followed for the inspection and quarantine of imported and exported commodities are: "Border Law", "Entry and Exit Inspection and Quarantine Law of Animals, Plants and Products", "Health Law", "Livestock Gene Bank and Health Protection Law",
< p>"Anti-Tobacco Poison Law", "Standards and Norms Evaluation Law", "Food Law", "Plant Protection Law", "Anti-Alcohol Law", "Anti-AIDS Law", "National Defense Law", "Crop Seed Law" , "Chemical Toxic Substances Protection Law", "Drug Law", "Health Law", "Law for Supervision of the Circulation of Narcotic Drugs and Neurostimulating Substances", and "Immunity Law".The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China and the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Mongolia signed the "Protocol on Inspection and Quarantine Veterinary Health Requirements for Exporting Horse Meat to China" and "Protocol on Veterinary Health Requirements for Exporting Horse Meat to China" and "Protocol on Inspection and Quarantine Veterinary Health Requirements for Exporting Horse Meat to China" on May 24, 2005. Protocol on Quarantine and Hygiene Requirements for China’s Export of Wool, Sheepskin, Cowhide, and Horsehide. On June 19, 2008, the Protocol on Veterinary and Hygiene Requirements for China’s Export of Bovine Frozen Semen to Mongolia and “Protocol on China’s Export of Frozen Bovine Semen to Mongolia” were signed. Protocol on Veterinary and Hygienic Requirements for Cattle, "Protocol on Veterinary and Hygienic Requirements on Mutual Exports of Horses for Breeding Competition and Transit", "Protocol on Veterinary and Hygienic Requirements on Mutual Exports of Horses for Slaughter".
3.1.5 Customs Management Rules and Regulations
Management System The main basis for Mongolian customs management is the Customs Law and the Customs Rates and Tariffs Law. The customs tax rate for imported goods is divided into general tax rate and special preferential tax rate. The general tax rate is double the special preferential tax rate.
Tariff rate The general import tariff rate for most goods in Mongolia is 57. The tax rates for major commodities are as follows:
Table 3-1: Mongolia’s import tariff rates for major commodities
Data source: Mongolian Customs