The first chapter of the basic theory of architectural design syllabus general requirements: candidates should have the field of architecture related to the theoretical concepts and basic knowledge of the course, as well as the basic concepts and basic knowledge of the relevant professional theory, with small and medium-sized architectural engineering design of the practical ability.
Familiar with the basic theories of architectural design, grasp the low, multi-storey residential, dormitory and general small and medium-sized public **** building environmental relations, functional zoning, flow organization, space combination, internal and external traffic, orientation, lighting, sunlight, ventilation, thermal, fire, energy saving, seismic, structural selection, and other design points, as well as the building indicators and the relevant laws, regulations, norms, standards, and have design Conceptualization and practical ability. The test questions can be answered in accordance with the requirements and the relevant laws and regulations.
The content of this chapter is in accordance with the syllabus "architectural design (knowledge)" of the first and fourth parts of the requirements of the preparation. The first part includes public **** building design principles and principles of composition, residential design principles, norms and evaluation standards, civil building grade classification and the depth of each stage of design requirements and new concepts of architectural design and other subsections.
The second part includes subsections on general principles of civil building design, design codes for various types of civil buildings, accessibility design codes and fire codes for civil building design. The textbooks covered in this chapter are in the latest editions, and the codes and standards are in accordance with the current editions.
Section I public **** building design principles of various types of public **** building design are based on dealing with the functional requirements, artistic image and technical conditions of the relationship between the three. Among them, the material function and the fulfillment of aesthetic requirements is the purpose of the design, while the technical conditions are the means to achieve the purpose.
Function is the fundamental purpose of architectural design, architectural function involves the spatial composition of the building, functional zoning, organization and evacuation of pedestrian flow, as well as spatial measurements, shapes, and the physical environment (quantity, shape, quality) and other issues. The spatial organization is the key to the problem, the spatial organization is to rely on a reasonable line of motion (people, logistics, goods, equipment flow) to ensure.
First, the single space design of the public **** building function is the fundamental purpose of architectural design, so the function of a single space for the amount of shape, quality has a relevant prescriptive: quantity - the right size (area), capacity (volume); shape - a reasonable shape quality - reflecting the amount of space, shape, quality, and so on. -Reasonable shape quality - reflecting the quality of space lighting, ventilation, sunlight and other conditions. A space to have the right amount, shape, on the basis of which there should be a reasonable design of doors and windows, including the location, number, shape, opening mode, height, etc., the design of doors and windows is to determine the quality of the space is a basic factor, the same is an important aspect of the building's functionality, should be considered comprehensively in the design, integrated solution.
Second, the spatial composition of the public **** building of various public **** building nature and type of use, although different, can be divided into the main part of the use of the secondary part of the use of the part (or auxiliary part) and transportation links part of the three major parts. The design should first seize the relationship between the three major parts of the arrangement and combination, one by one to solve the problem of various conflicts in order to achieve the rationality of the functional relationship and perfect.
In these three parts of the composition of the relationship, the configuration of the transportation space often plays a key role. 1. The main space (the main part of the use) accounts for the area of the larger; longer face width; higher height; larger volume; special shape.
2. secondary space (secondary use part, auxiliary part) relative to the main space, in the size of the area, height, width, length, volume and modeling inferior to the main space. 3. transportation link space in the spatial characteristics of the space belongs to the status of contact, coordination, service and other spaces.
The design should be the first logical analysis, the composition of all the space for a general summary, to determine the main space, secondary space and traffic contact space, according to the activities of the behavior of the development of the traffic contact space to seize the fundamental space, the main space, secondary space has become a series of arrangements and combinations of the subsequent combination of the combination of the process of resolving the contradictions one by one in order to obtain the rationality of the functional relationship with the perfect. Perfection. It is because of the flexibility of the form of traffic space, the emergence of colorful architectural forms also reflects the architect's design personality and ideas, traffic space directly determines the future use of the building's efficient and flexible management, but also became the key to the building program.
The traffic connection part can be generally divided into: horizontal traffic, vertical traffic and hub traffic three basic forms of space. 1. Horizontal traffic space should be straightforward, anti-zigzagging and changeable, and the parts of the space has a close connection, it is desirable to have a better lighting and lighting.
For example, the aisle. Note that when the aisle and other functions, should pay attention to the superposition of functions, such as hospital outpatient department of the aisle, can also be used for waiting.
Some exhibitions and displays of the nature of the building's aisles, the audience can walk while watching. The width of the aisle is determined by the basic function and fire evacuation.
2, the location and number of vertical transportation space according to the functional needs and fire requirements, should be close to the transportation hub, the layout is uniform and have a primary and secondary, and the number of people using the flow of appropriate. Mainly include: stairs, elevators, escalators, ramps, four main ways.
(1) staircase staircase is a public **** building commonly used means of vertical transportation links. The location and number of stairs should be in accordance with the functional requirements and fire regulations, arranged in each layer of the hall, foyer and other transportation hubs or parts near the transportation hub.
Stairs can be divided into the following types: 1) straight gun stairs; double run stairs; 2) three run stairs; rotary stairs. In the public **** building design, based on the need for fire evacuation, at least two staircases need to be set (out of the code has special requirements).
The rotating staircase can not be used as an evacuation staircase. (2) elevator when the public **** building more floors or some buildings although not many floors, but because of special needs (such as hospitals), in addition to the arrangement of general staircase, should also be arranged to solve the problem of vertical traffic elevator.
(3) Escalator escalator has a continuous ride with a large number of people flow performance, and therefore suitable for large-scale public **** building with this flow of people, such as large shopping malls and so on. Escalators in the building can be arranged individually to become up or down, can also be arranged to become up and down the rows side by side.
The general escalator slope is more gentle, usually about 300. (4) ramp some public **** building commonly used ramps to solve vertical transportation problems, often used in transportation buildings and medical buildings.
The slope of the ramp is generally 8% to 15%, the flow of people is more concentrated need to be gentle, often 10% to 12%. In addition, the ramp design should also consider the anti-skid design, because the area occupied by the ramp is usually 4 times that of the staircase, generally less used indoors.
3. Transportation hub space in the public **** building design, taking into account the set of people.
2. Architecture majors need to learn what knowledge
Architecture majors need to learn the following knowledge:
1, the main courses: basic architectural design, architectural design and principles, Chinese and foreign architectural history, building structure and building mechanics, building construction.
2, the main practical teaching links: including art internship, site internship, architectural surveying and mapping internship, architectural awareness internship, design institute production internship.
The architecture major is a discipline that focuses on learning how to design buildings, and at the same time learning related basic technical courses. The main learning content is through the analysis of a blank site, and according to the requirements of the building on the function of the room, the type of building, building construction technology and materials, etc., from the plane of the building, the appearance of the fa?ade and its internal and external space from scratch design.
3. Introduction of professional knowledge in architectural engineering technology
Cultivation goal of architectural engineering technology: This specialty cultivates highly skilled talents in engineering construction, management and service who have the ability to read and draw engineering maps, measure and lay out lines, construct technology and enlist lungs to eulogize and plating up the monk's scruples, and manage the quality, progress, cost, and safety, etc. It is appropriate to cultivate talents of architectural engineering who can work in the field of architectural engineering. The job positions are construction project manager, registered construction engineer, construction worker, data clerk, material clerk, safety officer, quality inspector, cost estimator and so on.
Core competence of the specialty: construction technology and project management ability of construction engineering site. Main Courses: Building Construction Technology, Building Construction Organization, Building Engineering Measurement, Building Literacy and Construction, Building Engineering Measurement and Pricing, Engineering Project Management, Building Mechanics and Structure, and so on.
Career Direction: After graduation, students can be engaged in engineering project management, construction technology and management, supervision services and consulting, architectural design and other work in the construction field and other construction departments.
4. What basic knowledge should be mastered to learn architecture
Hello, friend.
After reading your question, I feel your anxious and progressive mood, but most of the questions you raised are difficult to speak clearly in a few words.
I studied in the construction industry for nearly 10 years, graduate school work for 6 years, some technical problems of construction engineering can still be said to be unclear, need to rely on experts and engineers *** with the attack to solve. Construction engineering involves a very wide range of specialized knowledge, the need to accumulate knowledge and experience also need a lot. Book learning is only the accumulation of knowledge, how to use in practice and how to solve problems encountered in the real project, not books can tell you. Really need to go down to the project site, from the beginning in place to follow the completion of one or two projects to have a deep understanding of the quality of the improvement. The systematic learning and communication from senior peers is very important.
Secondly, I would like to say, not do not believe in your ability to self-study, but it is recommended that you must participate in the school's education, although now the education form, but as long as you are learning the purpose and motivation, systematic education will help you a lot, accept the most basic knowledge, you will get twice the result with half the effort.
Again, it is your own orientation. Architectural engineering system is divided into different categories, and the specialty subsection is very fine. You want to engage in technical management, engineering staff, cost audit, architectural design, structural design, water supply and drainage, air conditioning, or a variety of professional design, or want to engage in engineering cost, construction organization, etc., the overall understanding of the positioning of the building engineering is different, the demand for knowledge structure is different, to clarify the direction of their own development.
Also, CAD is just an operating tool, buy two tutorials, follow the completion, and then used in practice, should be very fast and not difficult. The important thing is that you use CAD to express what content, how to express, how to accurately standardize, how to facilitate, etc., there is no engineering knowledge, learn CAD is only to understand the tool fur, do not understand the essence of technology, rather than this, it is recommended that you grasp the basics of the first, the first to get started. Do not speak of no time for education, the so-called sharpening of the knife.
Finally, there is no way to give you a bibliography, in your understanding of the contents of the big concepts of construction engineering began to understand the time, from the sea of books to find useful for their own learning. The textbooks issued for taking continuing education are the basics.
I hope this is useful to you. And good luck to you in joining the ranks of professional builders soon.
5. What is the main knowledge of the architectural profession
I have been engaged in architectural design work for nearly 50 years. One question has always puzzled me. In order to turn a building into a low-energy, energy-saving building, I put a lot of effort, but encountered a lot of resistance.
Architectural design is divided into specialties, including architectural, equipment, and structural specialties, all of which work together to complete the design of a building. In such a division of labor, who is the leader? Of course, it is the architect. In recent years, with the vigorous implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction, we have examined some new buildings and found that there are problems with their design. When we look at the modernized architectural concepts brought by some foreign designers, we also find some problems. Where exactly do the problems lie? Today I would like to talk to you about this idea.
In college I majored in HVAC. Really, the career gave me an amazing opportunity! It turns out that I have no say in the architectural design institute, especially in architectural design, because HVAC is only an auxiliary specialty in architectural design.
It's very hard to be in the perspective of not having a voice, and the strong architectural profession's sayings and perceptions inhibit the creativity of the auxiliary professions to a great extent. But suddenly I'm rounding the corner from this perspective to the front of the leader, leading the masters of the architectural profession. I really don't berate these architectural gurus because I understand something: the plight of architects, their ins and outs. I will now tell you my bold proposition. The history of human architecture is very deep and long, and it has existed since the time when people were free from cave life. There were already splendid remains two thousand years ago, such as the Greek temples; and seven or eight hundred years ago, such as the Forbidden City. This makes architecture strong and very much admired for the performance done by its forefathers.
I can now say that so brilliant buildings are "hollow buildings". I can see the construction industry after the practice and the entire career, witnessed the building before the tap water, blood vessels; building before the heating and air conditioning, there is a respiratory system; building before the wires, there is a nervous system, there is intelligence, that is, the brain. The splendor of the "hollow" buildings and their strength makes the important parts of the living, breathing buildings that I have just mentioned look weak.
I do HVAC design, I know what equipment to use, and how to run it in the future to save energy. In fact, the design provisions, design system in the drawings can not put me this idea of inheritance, because I can only in a small "design note" on the face of a little point of view, comments or suggestions. And our profession has a debugging process. I have a student who is a doctoral supervisor, and he told me that the word "test" in the word "commissioning" in the HVAC profession is not correct. I said what should it be changed to? He said it should be changed to "fit". I told him, "You are great! Why did I praise him? Because precision in language comes from deep understanding. With such a misunderstood word for decades, it can still say that our professional maturity?
So in the process of vigorously promoting green, low-carbon buildings, architects are too strong, they should be allowed to learn some of the equipment professional knowledge and concepts. At the same time, I also hope that the *** department can strictly implement the relevant and necessary provisions, so as not to let some of the regulations and systems become a dead letter. And then do some profound changes. If this side of the strong if not easy to grow, I even want to let the architects to do some "subtraction", so that their voices a little smaller, do not always take the wounded architectural beauty as a building bidding, bidding was approved by the leadership of the main content of the bidding, so that if you do it is biased.
Today, I can say these words here, because the history of occupational allocation gave me an opportunity. I majored in equipment, then I made it to chief engineer of equipment in a design institute, and then suddenly I was moved to a dean's position as the leader of the included architects. So I know a little bit more about architecture than the HVAC guys and a little bit more about HVAC than the architects, and that's about it