www.shouxi.net 2005-9-6 10:09:00 China Nurses Network
Keywords: nursing </a> human capital
1 What is Human Capital
1.1 Concepts of Human Capital Yao Ming's income is currently at 1.2 billion dollars, but at the same time most people around the world are poor. When we discuss why income is so unequal, we need to start with the concept of human capital. Human capital is the sum of skills hidden within an individual: education, intelligence, leadership qualities, creativity, work experience, entrepreneurial spirit, and even the ability to play basketball well. For a country, the total amount of human capital determines the state of social life in that country.
1.2 Why Human Capital Matters Human capital is inevitably linked to productivity. In a modern economy, productivity is more influenced by technology, specialized knowledge and skills, all of which are functions of human capital. Countries that acquire human capital correctly, and organizations that know how to mobilize and apply it, will be the big winners of our time.
1.3 Why develop human capital for caregivers Public **** health provides for the health of individuals, and the health of individuals is part of modern wealth. All countries in the world pay great attention to public **** health. For medical institutions, doctors and nursing staff constitute its human capital. The current nursing personnel in Europe and the United States of America and the United States of America, a large number of excellent nursing personnel absorbed from developing countries, while the imbalance in the income of domestic nursing personnel, making a large number of domestic nursing personnel outflow; China's nursing education has always been in the shadow of the medical model, without the formation of a unique educational theory and philosophy of nursing; the domestic high level of nursing personnel is in short supply, the lack of nursing theory of the research and inheritance of all factors All these factors lead to the low human capital of nursing personnel, so the development of human capital of nursing personnel is an urgent task.
2 Current situation of human capital development of nursing personnel in China
2.1 Educational qualifications Compared with developed countries, nursing personnel in China have low educational qualifications. The education system of nursing personnel is: most junior high school graduates go to nursing secondary school, and a small number of high school graduates go to nursing college and undergraduate. Bachelor's degree in nursing personnel is considered high education. In China, the percentage of undergraduate nurses on duty is less than 1%, and most of them are nurses with secondary school education. In the United Kingdom, most nurses have a bachelor's degree, and there are many nurses studying for master's and doctoral degrees. In the United States, the proportion of nurses with a bachelor's degree reaches 45%.
2.2 Continuing Education China's nursing education has not formed a systematic continuing education model. Typical continuing education is working nurses use their spare time to take self-study exams to achieve academic improvement. In foreign countries, continuing education is generally led by the government: in Japan, there is a nursing training center to provide lifelong vocational education for nurses across the country, and advanced training personnel mainly learn new knowledge and theories, and the period of study ranges from two days to three months and six months. In the United Kingdom, after graduation of three-year nurses, you can apply to the hospital as a nurse, work for a period of time after the hospital can apply for funding by the hospital and the individual work closely related to the professional training, the time is generally 7 to 12 months, to get the required credits can also be obtained after the bachelor's degree.
2.3Educational assessmentThe establishment of educational assessment agencies can promote the investment of resources in nursing education by nursing colleges and universities, improve the process of nursing education, maintain and improve the quality of nursing education, and supervise the process of awarding nursing licenses and diplomas and certificates, which in turn can achieve the purpose of promoting nursing education and practice, and protecting the interests of the general public. The American League for Nursing Nursing Education Assessment Committee (NLNAC), established by the United States in 1952, is one of the best assessment organizations in the world. There is no authoritative assessment organization in China, and currently only the Chinese Medical Association has some similar functions.
3 current nursing human capital development need to solve the practical problems
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3.1 Strengthen the link between theory and practice of the current education model is that nursing students advanced to study two or three years, in the last year of study before going to the hospital for internships, a lot of knowledge is not learned in a timely manner to practice. Foreign countries are generally school while practicing, the knowledge learned in class immediately in the practical application, and is to each medical institution internship, such as to the community, medical institutions and nursing homes and so on. At present, our nursing students, only in the hospital departments internship, the theory and knowledge of the application of a narrow range. Educational internship is a considerable systematic project, the current relatively easy to achieve the improvement is nursing students at the end of each semester to go to the medical institution internship, so that each course has the opportunity to practical exercises, to facilitate the mastery and consolidation of knowledge.
3.2 Strengthening the faculty of nursing education At present, there is a lack of high-end talents in nursing, less research in psychological care and humanities, and the theoretical level of nursing research is low, resulting in backwardness of the faculty. Focus on cultivating academic leaders in nursing education in the basics of scientific research, medical statistics, literature retrieval and other disciplines, to bring out a large number of nursing teachers with theoretical literacy and scientific research capabilities; using the approach of bringing in and sending out to increase international exchanges in nursing; and to cultivate nursing higher education faculty is the basis for the healthy development of the nursing career.
3.3 Marketization of nursing personnel Because of the influence of customary practices during the planned economy, the mobility of nursing personnel is too small to achieve the market distribution of human capital, which is mainly reflected in the difficulty of mobility within the institution and the difficulty of mobility between institutions. Medical institutions have not yet been fully opened to foreign and private capital, and China's current private specialty clinics, community services, nursing homes, and psychiatry are in their infancy, with a small demand for nurses, which objectively limits their mobility. The establishment of nursing management organizations with independent legal personality, the nursing human resources to implement the unified management of socialization, for the employment and re-employment of nursing staff, as well as employers, individuals and families of nursing employment, etc., to provide a variety of management and services, will be conducive to achieve the market-oriented allocation of nursing resources.
4Summary
China's nursing workforce of nearly 1.3 million people, compared with the population of 1.3 billion, is about 1:1000, while the ratio of developed countries is 5.7:1000. nursing human capital gap is very large, compared with the medical care, the development of the nursing industry is slow, and has not even become an independent industry, which is not commensurate with China's rapid development of the health industry. It is not commensurate with the rapid development of health care in China. The backwardness of academic education, the lack of a complete system of continuing education, and the absence of an assessment organization for nursing education make it difficult to fundamentally change the nursing human capital shortage within a certain period of time. In the short term, by solving some of the more practical problems at present: strengthening the combination of theory and practice of nursing personnel, and letting nursing students become qualified nurses as soon as possible; strengthening the construction of nursing faculty; and marketizing the allocation of nursing human resources. Through the above means, to improve the nursing human resources environment, improve the structure of nursing personnel, reduce the loss of nursing personnel, so that the nursing human capital to avoid becoming the weak link in China's health care system.