Infrastructure (infrastructure) refers to the material engineering facilities that provide public **** services for social production and residents' lives, and is a public **** service system used to ensure the normal conduct of socio-economic activities in a country or region. It is the general material conditions on which society depends for its survival and development.
Second, the content of infrastructure construction
Infrastructure refers to the social production and residential life to provide public **** service material engineering facilities, is used to ensure that the country or regional socio-economic activities carried out normally in the public **** service system. It is the general material conditions on which society depends for its survival and development. Infrastructure not only includes highways, railroads, airports, communications, water, electricity, gas and other public **** facilities, that is, commonly known as infrastructure (physical infrastructure), but also includes education, science and technology, health care, sports, culture, and other social undertakings, that is, social infrastructure (social infrastructure).
Infrastructure, including transportation, post and telecommunications, water and power supply, commercial services, scientific research and technical services, landscaping, environmental protection, culture and education, health and other municipal utility engineering facilities and public **** life service facilities. They are the basis for the development of national economic undertakings. In modern society, the more the economy develops, the higher the requirements for infrastructure; perfect infrastructure to accelerate socio-economic activities and promote the evolution of its spatial distribution pattern plays a huge role in promoting. The establishment of a sound infrastructure often requires a long time and huge investments. For new construction and expansion projects, especially major projects and base construction far away from the city, it is more necessary to prioritize the development of infrastructure, so that the project is completed as soon as possible to play a role in the benefits.
Third, the significance of infrastructure construction
Infrastructure construction has the so-called multiplier effect, that is, it can bring several times the amount of investment in the total social demand and national income. Whether the infrastructure of a country or region is perfect or not is the important foundation of whether its economy can be long-term sustainable and stable development.
In the 1930s, in response to the unprecedented economic depression,
U.S. President Roosevelt implemented the famous Roosevelt's New Deal, in which one of the most important policies was the ***-led large-scale infrastructure construction. These infrastructure projects not only improved employment and increased people's incomes, but also laid a solid foundation for the development of the U.S. economy in the later period.
IV Characteristics of Infrastructure Construction
Pioneering and Fundamental
The public *** services provided by infrastructure are essential to the production of all goods and services, if there is a lack of these public *** services, other goods and services (mainly refers to the direct production of business activities) will be difficult to produce or provide.
Non-tradabilityThe vast majority of the services provided by infrastructure are virtually impossible to import through trade. A country can finance and import technology and equipment from abroad, but it is inconceivable to import airports, highways, and water plants directly from abroad as a whole.
Integral indivisibility
Typically, infrastructure can provide services or do so effectively only when it reaches a certain size, and such industries as roads, airports, ports, telecommunications, water plants, etc., cannot be made to work with small-scale investments. For example, a power station dam cannot be built only to the middle of the river, an airport runway cannot be left half finished, a light rail line connecting two cities cannot be built only half way, etc.
Quasi-public ****-goods
There is a part of infrastructure that provides services that are relatively non-competitive and non-exclusive, similar to public ****-goods. Non-rivalry means that the cost of producing the good does not increase as the consumption of the good increases, i.e., the marginal cost is zero. For example, in the case of a public **** good like national defense, the cost of national defense is fixed every year and does not increase because of a new baby born this year.
Question 2: What does infrastructure mean? Infrastructure (infrastructure) refers to the social production and residential life for the provision of public **** service material engineering facilities, is used to ensure that the country or regional socio-economic activities in the normal conduct of the public **** service system. It is the general material conditions on which society depends for its survival and development.
Infrastructure includes transportation, post and telecommunications, water supply and power supply, commercial services, scientific research and technical services, landscaping, environmental protection, culture and education, health and other municipal utility engineering facilities and public **** life service facilities. They are the basis for the development of national economic undertakings. In modern society, the more the economy develops, the higher the requirements for infrastructure; perfect infrastructure to accelerate socio-economic activities and promote the evolution of its spatial distribution pattern plays a huge role in promoting. The establishment of a sound infrastructure often requires a long time and huge investments. For new construction and expansion projects, especially major projects and base construction far from the city, it is more necessary to prioritize the development of infrastructure so that the project can be completed as soon as possible to play a role in the benefits.
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Question 3: What does infrastructure mean? Hello students, I am happy to answer your question!
InfrastructureThe basic substantial system of a country.
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Question 4: What are the main categories of infrastructure? Infrastructure can be divided according to its geographical location or nature of use as follows:
Rural infrastructure
With reference to China's new rural construction of the relevant regulations and documents, the rural infrastructure includes: agricultural productive infrastructure, rural living infrastructure, ecological environment construction, rural social and cultural development, and the development of the new rural infrastructure. infrastructure, ecological environment construction, and rural social development infrastructure in four major categories.
(1) Agricultural productive infrastructure: mainly refers to the construction of modernized agricultural bases and farmland water conservancy;
(2) Rural living infrastructure: mainly refers to the construction of drinking water safety, rural biogas, rural roads, rural electricity and other infrastructures;
(3) Eco-environmental construction: mainly refers to the protection of natural forest resources, protection forest system, seedling construction, ecological protection and construction of nature reserve, wetland and wetlands. Ecological protection and construction of nature reserves, wetland protection and construction, return of farmland to forests and other farmers to eat, burn firewood, increase income and other current livelihood and long-term development issues.
(4) Rural social development infrastructure: mainly refers to the infrastructure that is beneficial to the development of rural social undertakings, including rural compulsory education, rural health, rural cultural infrastructure.
Strengthening rural infrastructure construction is of great significance to increasing farmers' income, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, and realizing rural modernization.
Urban infrastructure
Urban infrastructure refers to the city's direct production sector and residents live to provide *** the same conditions and public **** service engineering facilities, is the survival and development of the city, the smooth conduct of various economic and other social activities must have the engineering infrastructure and social infrastructure of the general term. It is particularly important for the production units, is one of the necessary conditions to achieve economic, environmental and social benefits. In general, urban infrastructure projects mainly include:
1. Residential areas, villas, apartments and other residential construction projects
2. High-end hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, office buildings and other office and commercial construction projects
3. Petroleum, coal, natural gas, electric power and other energy power projects
4. Railways, highways, aviation, water transport, bridges, tunnels, ports and other transportation projects
5. Transportation projects such as railways, highways, aviation, water transport, bridges, tunnels, ports, etc.
5. Reservoirs, dams, sewage treatment, air purification and other environmental protection and water projects
6. Telecommunications, telecommunications, information networks, such as postal and telecommunication projects
Generally speaking, the urban infrastructure refers to the engineering infrastructure. (1) engineering infrastructure mainly includes six systems:
A. Energy supply system: including electricity, gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and heating;
B. Water supply and drainage system: including water resource protection, waterworks, water supply network, drainage and sewage treatment;
C. Transportation system: divided into external transportation facilities and internal transportation facilities. The former includes aviation, railroads, shipping, long-distance buses and highways; the latter includes roads, bridges, tunnels, subways, elevated light rail, public **** transportation, rental cars, parking lots, ferries, etc.;
D. Postal and telecommunication systems: such as postal services, telegraphs, fixed-line telephones, cellular telephones, the Internet, radio and television broadcasting, etc.;
E. Environmental protection and sanitation systems: such as landscaping, Garbage collection and treatment, pollution control, etc.;
F. Defense and Disaster Prevention Security System: such as fire, flood control, earthquake prevention, typhoon, sand, ground settlement, air defense, etc.
(2) according to the nature of the service is divided into three categories
A. Production infrastructure. Including water supply, power supply, roads and transportation facilities serving the production sector, warehousing equipment, postal and telecommunication facilities, sewage, greening and other environmental protection and disaster prevention and control facilities; B. Social infrastructure. Refers to a variety of institutions and facilities serving the population, such as commercial and catering, service industries, financial and insurance institutions, residential and public utilities, public *** traffic, transportation and communication institutions, educational and health institutions, cultural and sports facilities; C. Institutional security institutions. Such as public security, political and legal and urban construction planning and management departments. The level of infrastructure with the development of economic and technological development and continue to improve, more variety, more perfect service.
(3) Social infrastructure generally refers to facilities for administration, culture and education, health care, business services, finance and insurance, and social welfare.
(4) Urban infrastructure should generally have the following characteristics:
A. Productivity
B. Public utility and public welfare
C. Natural monopoly
D. Cost-sinking
E. Carrying
F. Ahead of the curve
G. Systematic
The development, improvement, and support of urban infrastructure at different times. There are different requirements for the development, improvement and support of urban infrastructure in different periods. Urban infrastructure as the carrier of urban operation, and the city's natural appendages, including land, water, mineral deposits and so on, have a close connection, it is on the basis of the original natural appendages, after the people's processing and transformation and established, subject to the constraints of nature; the construction and renovation of urban infrastructure must be the rational use of natural resources, and the protection of the ecological environment. Urban infrastructure in the form of a fixed, physical form is mostly permanent buildings for urban production and residents living in long-term use, can not be updated frequently, more can not be arbitrarily dismantled ...... >>
Question 5: What is infrastructure The meaning of infrastructure Transportation, livelihood (hospital facilities, treatment reimbursement, etc.), school multimedia and teaching building construction, dormitory construction, gymnasium construction, etc., water conservancy projects.
I Infrastructure
Infrastructure (infrastructure) refers to the material engineering facilities that provide public **** services for social production and residents' lives, and it is a public **** service system used to ensure the normal conduct of socio-economic activities in a country or region. It is the general material conditions on which society depends for its survival and development.
Second, the content of infrastructure construction
Infrastructure refers to the social production and residential life to provide public **** service material engineering facilities, is used to ensure that the country or regional socio-economic activities carried out normally in the public **** service system. It is the general material conditions on which society depends for its survival and development. Infrastructure not only includes highways, railroads, airports, communications, water, electricity, gas and other public **** facilities, that is, commonly known as infrastructure (physical infrastructure), but also includes education, science and technology, health care, sports, culture, and other social undertakings, that is, social infrastructure (social infrastructure).
Infrastructure, including transportation, post and telecommunications, water and power supply, commercial services, scientific research and technical services, landscaping, environmental protection, culture and education, health and other municipal utility engineering facilities and public **** life service facilities. They are the basis for the development of national economic undertakings.
Question 6: What is large infrastructure Large infrastructure is an important support for regional socio-economic development, its benefit output to traffic, transportation, security, production and other basic functions
Question 7: What does the transportation infrastructure include? Transportation infrastructure is generally divided into: general highway traffic facilities, highway traffic facilities, municipal road traffic facilities,
rail transit facilities, parking facilities and so on. Transportation infrastructure includes the construction of roads, tracks, tunnels, elevated roads, stations, ventilation kiosks, electromechanical equipment, power supply systems, communication signals, road markings and other facilities for the transportation system to ensure safe and normal operation.
Question 8: What is modern infrastructure What does it include Infrastructure (infrastructure) refers to the material engineering facilities for social production and residential life to provide public **** services, is used to ensure that the country or regional socio-economic activities are carried out normally in the public **** service system. It is the general material condition on which society depends for its survival and development. Contents[hide] Priority and fundamentality Non-tradability Integral indivisibility Quasi-public ****items Classification Rural infrastructure Urban infrastructure Business model BOT model Other models based on the BOT model Introduction to the PPP model Meaning Features Priority and fundamentality Non-tradability Integral indivisibility Quasi-public ****items Classification Rural infrastructure Urban infrastructure Business model BOT model BOT model Other models based on the Other modes of BOT mode PPP mode
[Edit paragraph] Introduction Infrastructure Infrastructure refers to the material engineering facilities that provide public **** services for social production and residents' life, and it is a public **** service system used to ensure the normal conduct of socio-economic activities in a country or region. It is the general material conditions on which society depends for its survival and development. Infrastructure" not only includes highways, railroads, airports, communications, water, electricity, gas and other public **** facilities, that is, commonly known as infrastructure (physical infrastructure), but also includes education, science and technology, medical and health, sports, culture and other social undertakings, that is, "" social infrastructure "(social infrastructure)" (social infrastructure). Social infrastructure" (social infrastructure). Infrastructure, including transportation, post and telecommunications, water supply and power supply, commercial services, scientific research and technical services, landscaping, environmental protection, culture, education, health and other municipal utility engineering facilities and public **** life service facilities. They are the basis for the development of national economic undertakings. In modern society, the more the economy develops, the higher the requirements for infrastructure; perfect infrastructure to accelerate socio-economic activities and promote the evolution of its spatial distribution pattern plays a huge role in promoting. The establishment of a sound infrastructure often requires a long time and huge investments. For new construction and expansion projects, especially major projects and base construction far away from the city, it is more necessary to prioritize the development of infrastructure, so that the project can be effective as soon as possible after completion. [Edit Paragraph] Significance Infrastructure Infrastructure construction has the so-called "multiplier effect", that is, can bring several times the amount of investment in the total social demand and national income. Whether or not the infrastructure of a country or region is perfect is an important foundation for the long-term sustainable and stable development of its economy. In the 1930s, in order to cope with the unprecedented economic depression, U.S. President Roosevelt implemented the famous "Roosevelt's New Deal", one of the very important policies is *** led by the large-scale infrastructure construction, these infrastructure projects, not only to improve employment, increase people's incomes, but also for the late U.S. economy to build a solid foundation. These infrastructure projects have not only improved employment and increased people's income, but also laid a solid foundation for the later great development of the US economy. At present, in order to cope with the global financial crisis and the huge risk of economic downturn caused by many domestic factors, China *** launched the "four trillion" investment in economic *** program, "four trillion" economic *** is expected to stimulate economic growth of about 1 percentage point per year, of which nearly half of the funds are used to support the development of the economy. The "four trillion" economic *** is expected to boost economic growth by about 1 percentage point per year, with nearly half of the funds invested in transportation infrastructure and urban and rural power grid construction, which will not only accelerate China's recovery from the negative effects of the global financial crisis, but also expand domestic demand, *** China's economic development and consumption growth. In line with the plan of the central government ***, provinces and cities *** have focused on infrastructure projects to boost economic growth through investment, and the total investment of the whole society in 2008 will be more than 16 trillion yuan. Guangdong Province *** decided to strive to complete the investment of 130 million yuan in 2009, mainly for transportation infrastructure, water conservancy projects, urban infrastructure, port and water conservancy construction, public **** transportation network, energy saving and emission reduction infrastructure construction, construction of affordable housing, services and education and health and other social undertakings, ecological and environmental protection and other areas. It will also come up with actual projects and concrete measures to expand domestic demand in the above 10 areas over the next five years, investing about 2.3 trillion yuan in projects to expand domestic demand. [Edit Paragraph] Characteristics Pioneering and Fundamental The public **** services provided by infrastructure infrastructure are essential for the production of all goods and services, and in the absence of these public **** services, other goods and services (mainly referring to the direct production of business activities) will be difficult to produce or provide. Non-tradability The vast majority of the services provided by infrastructure are virtually impossible to import through trade. A country can finance and import technology and equipment from abroad, but it is inconceivable to import airports, highways, and water plants directly from abroad as a whole. Integral indivisibility Typically, infrastructure only reaches a certain size ...... >>
Question 9: What is the infrastructure project It refers to the urban roads, public **** transportation, water supply, drainage, gas, heat, gardening, sanitation, sewage treatment plant, garbage disposal, flood control, underground public **** facilities and ancillary facilities of the civil construction, piping, equipment installation projects.
Question 10: What is infrastructure development? Infrastructure development Infrastructure refers to the direct production sector and people's lives to provide *** the same conditions and public **** service facilities.
It mainly includes the following:
● Residential areas, villas, apartments and other residential construction projects
● High-end hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, office buildings and other office and commercial construction projects
● Oil, coal, natural gas, electricity and other energy power projects
● Railroads, highways, aviation, water transportation, roads, tunnels, harbors, etc. Transportation projects
● Reservoirs, dams, sewage treatment, air purification and other environmental protection and water conservancy projects ● Telecommunications, communications, information networks and other post and telecommunications