Preliminary design Preliminary design is a preliminary design document prepared according to the agreed feasibility seminar speech or design task book. The preliminary design document consists of four parts: design specification (including general design specification and amateur design specification), design drawings, list of main equipment and materials and project budget. The sequence of preliminary design documents is: 1. Cover; 2. Title page; 3. Preliminary design of weapons catalogue; 4. Design specifications; 5. Drawings; 6. List of major equipment and materials; 7. Project budget estimation. In the preliminary design stage, each major should conduct a comprehensive technical and economic analysis on the design scheme of professional content or the solutions to major technical problems, demonstrate the technical practicability, reliability and economic fairness, and write its main contents into the preliminary design simulation table of bidding major. The overall design of the project objectives by the design director is described in the general design description. In order to prepare the preliminary design documents, necessary internal operations should be done, and relevant calculations, computer-aided design calculation data, scheme comparison data, internal operation sketches, remedial data, etc. on which the budget estimate is based should be properly kept. The depth of the preliminary design document shall meet the approval requirements: 1. Conform to the established design scheme; 2. It can be used to determine the scope of foreign land expropriation; 3. It can be used to prepare major equipment and materials; 4. The budgetary estimate of engineering design shall be provided as the basis for approving certain name investments; 5, can be used for construction drawing design; 6. It can be used for construction preparation. The compilation depth of preliminary design documents can conform to the Provisions on the Compilation Depth of Design Documents for Architectural Engineering (Jian Jian [1992]102No.) issued by China Municipal People's Congress and Ministry of Construction.
Construction drawing design Construction drawing design is a design document compiled according to the approved preliminary design or design scheme of building installation. The content of construction drawing design is mainly drawings, which should include cover, drawing catalogue, design description (or homepage), drawings, project budget, etc. The preparation depth of construction drawing design documents shall be in accordance with the relevant part of the Provisions on the Preparation Depth of Design Documents for Building Engineering (Jian Jian [1992]102) approved by the Ministry of Construction of People's Republic of China (PRC) on March 2, 1992. The design documents shall be complete, the content and depth shall conform to the regulations, and the written descriptions and drawings shall be correct and clear. All design documents must go through strict examination and approval before they are put forward by designers at all levels. The depth of construction drawing design documents shall be moderate and meet the following requirements: 1. Construction drawing estimation can be compiled accordingly. 2. Can control the manufacture of materials, equipment orders and non-standard equipment; 3. It can be used for building installation; 4. It can be used for engineering inspection.
Design principles of residential areas The planning and layout of residential areas should comprehensively consider the internal relationship between road network structure, public buildings and residential layout, group combination, green space system and space environment, form a perfect and relatively isolated organic whole, and should abide by the following criteria: 1 Convenient for residents' life, not conducive to organizational governance; 2. The core of public activities that organizations and permanent residents absolutely should have, that is, management, use and socialized services; 3. The reasonable organization of human resources and vehicles is not conducive to security defense; 4. Reasonable layout, ample space and beautiful environment, reflecting local characteristics. The design of residential space environment should follow the following principles: 1. Reasonable arrangement of public service facilities to prevent the infection and nuisance of smoke, gas, smell, dust and noise to residents; 2. The building should reflect the local style, highlight * * *, and the group building and spatial level should change harmoniously; 3. Set up architectural sketches with exquisite mouths to enrich and uglify the environment; 4. Pay attention to the integrity of landscape and space, and small buildings such as municipal special sites and parking garages should be jointly laid out with residential or public buildings; Power supply, telecommunications, street lamps and other pipelines should be buried underground; 5. The environmental design of public activity space should deal with the relationship between bad buildings, roads, squares, hospitals, green spaces and architectural sketches, as well as their relationship with human activities. The construction of green space in old areas should not be less than 30%; The reform in Chenqu should not be less than 25%. Residential roads can be divided into four grades: residential roads, residential roads, group roads and residential roads, and their road planning and design should comply with relevant specifications.
Residential floor area ratio refers to the residential building area per hectare of residential land, or expressed by the ratio of total residential building area to residential land. Building floor area ratio is an important index in building planning and design. It can control the scale and height of buildings in the building base, so as to set aside a certain amount of open space for the greening of traffic squares, and also control the number of floors of buildings to meet the requirements of urban planning. For the base that needs to be built, the local urban planning department should put forward the building volume ratio index.
Building red line Building red line consists of road red line and building control line. The road red line is the planning control line of urban pavement (exposed residential area road); Building control line is the control line of the top surface position of building foundation. On the side near the base and route, the red line of the road is generally used as the construction control line. If urban planning requires it, the passenger transport management department will not set up another construction control line in the road route, which is called the red line of retreat. No building can exceed the given red line. General Rules for Official Architectural Design (JGJ37? 87) Delineate steps, terraces, window wells, above-ground buildings and building foundations, and other underground pipelines connected with the city in the base shall not highlight the road red line. Building protrusions that are allowed to protrude the road red line: 1. Above pedestrian height: (1) sash and window cover are allowed to protrude more than 2 meters, and the protruding degree is not more than 0.4 meters; (2) Over 2.50m, shading is allowed, and the width of shading should not be greater than the pedestrian width minus 1 m, and should not be greater than 3m; (3) It is allowed to highlight the sunshade platform more than 3.50 meters, and the concave window seal, canopy and cornice should not be greater than 1 m; (4) The awning and overhangs are allowed to protrude more than 5m, and the protruding width should not be greater than the shore width plus 1m and not greater than 3m. 2. Crossing the road with my driveway: (1) sash and window cover are allowed to protrude more than 2.50m, and the protruding width should not be greater than 0.4m(2) awnings and cornices exceeding 5m are allowed, and the protruding width should not be greater than1m..
According to the nature, scale, composition and use requirements of construction projects, based on the relationship between local materials, local artificial housing and environment, and in accordance with relevant national policies, relevant norms and regulations, traffic routes and greening are organized to meet the requirements of energy use or stillbirth process, so as to achieve technical and economic rationality, facilitate the development of production and facilitate the life of employees. The general plan shall have necessary explanations and design drawings. The content of the explanation should mainly discuss the basis, principles, zoning of crime and energy, traffic organization, street view space organization, environmental beautification design, architectural sketches, greening layout and so on. The general layout should include the following aspects: 1. Topography and feature quality survey network and coordinate values; Site construction coordinate network and coordinate values; Measure the coordinates around the site and the signs of the construction station. 2. The location of buildings and structures (civil air defense works, underground garages, oil depots, water storage tanks and other concealed works are indicated by dotted lines), including the horizontal standards (or related dimensions), names (or numbers), floors and interior design elevation of main buildings and structures. 3. The boundary of the new building, the names and floors of the adjacent buildings. 4. Main coordinates (or related dimensions) of roads, railways and drainage ditches. 5. Greening and beautifying the layout of facilities. 6. Wind rose map, compass. 7. Main technical and economic indicators and bill of quantities. 8. Description column: size unit, scale, surveying and mapping unit, date, name of height system, relationship between site construction coordinate network and survey coordinate network, filling legend and other necessary explanations, etc.
Vertical layout According to the use requirements of the construction project, combined with the topographical features and construction technical conditions, the elevation of buildings, structures and roads is reasonably determined. , so as to make full use of the terrain and make the design economical and reasonable, which is the main work of vertical layout design. The purpose of vertical layout is to transform and destroy the terrain, so that the determined design elevation and design ground can meet the reasonable requirements of the affairs between buildings and structures and within the site, ensure the organized removal of Tianshui, and strive to minimize the amount of earthwork. Vertical design should explain the design basis, such as the elevation, technical requirements, traffic, topography, drainage and water supply level of urban roads and pipelines, as well as earthwork balance, spoil or spoil points, sites and leveling methods. It should also explain the vertical layout (flat slope or step type), surface water removal method (open ditch or underground ditch system), etc. If the open trench system is adopted, the topography and elevation of its layout position should also be explained. The vertical layout should include the following aspects: 1. On-site construction coordinate map and coordinate values. 2. Names (or numbers) of buildings and structures and indoor and outdoor design elevations. 3. The key elevation of the ground outside the road, railway, canal or site. 4. The design elevation of the starting point, slope change point, turning point and starting point of roads, railways and drainage ditches. 5. Use the tail of the slope arrow to indicate the slope direction of the ground. 6. compass. 7. Description column: size unit, proportion, advanced system name, etc.
Pipeline synthesis is to comprehensively determine the engineering technology of various disciplines and their contradictory pipeline layout according to relevant codes and regulations while designing the general layout of the building. From a comprehensive point of view, the layout of various pipelines is reasonable and economical. Initially, various pipelines were arranged on the comprehensive plan of pipelines. According to the medium, characteristics and different requirements of various pipelines, the reverse order of pipeline laying is reasonably controlled. Underground pipelines should be laid outside the roadway, and measures should be taken to abandon and reduce the solid under special difficult conditions before more water supply pipes or drainage pipes can be arranged and built under the roadway. Underground pipelines should be laid in the ditch between drinking water pipelines and pipelines containing alkali, corrosive and toxic substances for life and production of sewage outfalls. If laid side by side, a certain safe distance should be ensured. As far as possible, the pipelines with similar properties and buried depth will be arranged in one place. When underground pipelines cross, the following requirements shall be met: 1. The horizontal order from far to near is: power pipeline or telecom pipeline, gas pipeline, cooling pipe, water supply pipe, rainwater pipe and sewage pipe. 2. The vertical bending sequence of all kinds of pipes should be: telecommunication pipes, cooling pipes, power cables less than 10kv, power cables greater than 10kv, gas pipes, water supply pipes, rainwater pipes and sewage pipes. Underground pipelines can be laid in green belts, but not under trees. When there is a contradiction in pipeline laying, the original long-term pipeline will compete for the eternal pipeline; Small diameter makes the diameter bigger; Can be bent straight, so that it can not be bent or difficult to bend; The new design creates originality; Under pressure, let yourself flow; The principle of small construction quantity should be treated as the principle of large construction quantity.
The applied area coefficient is generally a technical and economic index of residential building design, which refers to the total used area (square meters) divided by the total construction area (square meters) and then expressed as a percentage. The larger the usable area coefficient, the larger the traffic and structural area of the marked building, indicating that the usable area of the building is large and the economy of the building is poor. Because the building types are different, the building scheme and the number of floors are the same, and its usable area coefficient is also different. Different building structures and wall materials will also affect the length of building usable area. When evaluating the economic index of a building, it should not be considered that it is economical because of its large area coefficient. It is necessary to unilaterally consider the economy of the building according to the details of the building plan.
Building plan is a drawing that shows all the contents of the building and their relationships in the horizontal direction of the building. Because the architectural plan can highlight the composition and efficacy of the building, the general architectural design begins with the graphic design. In graphic design, we should consider the effect that the building space is separated from the building zero body, and take care of the consequences of the building section and broken surface and the closure of the body. At all stages of design, there should be architectural plans, but their shallowness is not the same. In the design stage of building agricultural plan, the building plan should reach the following depth: 1. Load-bearing harmony is the load-bearing wall, column (split column), axis and axis number, the position and quantity of internal and external doors and windows, the orientation of doors, the name or number of darkroom and the special requirements of the room (such as cleanliness, constant temperature, explosion prevention and fire prevention, etc.). ) .2. Column spacing (joint), span (depth) size, wall thickness, column (pilaster) width, depth and axis related dimensions. 3. Dimensions between axes, size of the hole of doors and windows, sectional dimensions of outsourcing and total dimensions. 4. Size of deformation joint. 5. Webster's appliances, pools, tables, cabinets, isolation cabinets and other locations. 6. The instructions and important dimensions of the elevator (with specifications), the position of the stairs and the height direction of the stairs. 7. Basement, trench, pit, necessary machine foundation, various platforms, mezzanine, manhole, reserved holes in wall, location dimensions and standard elevation of main equipment. 8. Track position, gauge and axis size, crane type, tonnage, span, driving range, crane ladder position, etc. 9. The location and size of balconies, awnings, steps, ramps, water collection, open ditches, ventilation wells, pipe wells, chimneys, garbage passages, fire ladders and rainwater pipes. 10. Indoor ground elevation and ground elevation (ground elevation is 0.000). 1 1. Section line and number (generally only marked on the bottom surface). 12. Sketch or label number of irrelevant plane nodes. 13. compass (drawn on the bottom plane). 14. For example, plane size and axis, it may take a little time to repeat the local size if the plane is called wrong. Except for minor dimensions such as opening and span, dimensions similar to the bottom layer can be omitted from the axis number. The weighbridge layer can be used as a plane, but the grade scale and elevation need to be highlighted. 15. According to the engineering quantity and complexity, draw the local enlarged diagram of the complex part. 16. When the building plane is light, it can be drawn by zones, but the components should be drawn on the bottom plane of each zone for schematic diagram, and the zone number should be clearly marked. 17. The floor plan of this house can be enlarged and drawn. Normal contents include walls, cornices, gutters, slopes, rain outlets, roofs (water dividing lines), deformation joints, staircases, water tank rooms, elevator rooms, skylights and windshield of skylights, manholes on roofs, inspection ladders, outdoor fire exits and other structures, as well as detailed index numbers and elevations.
Building elevation A drawing showing the shape and content of the interior of a house is called a building elevation. The building facade is the visible part of the vertical projection outside the building. The facades in all directions of the building should be painted completely, but the facades with small differences and not difficult to pull can be omitted. The partial elevation of the internal courtyard can be shown on the relevant section. If the section can be fully expressed, it needs to be drawn separately. The building facade includes the following contents: 1. Axis numbers at both ends of the building. 2. Children's walls, cornices, columns, deformation joints, outdoor stairs and fire exits, balconies, railings, steps, ramps, flower beds, awnings, lines, chimneys, handrails, doors and windows, holes, doors, storm drains, other decorative components and painted frame lines. The size and elevation (width× height× depth and related dimensions) of the hole left in the external wall shall be indicated. 3. Window numbers that cannot be displayed on the plan should be marked on the elevation. The elevation or height of the roof, cornice, parent-child wall, window sill, etc. , which are not shown in the plan and section, shall be marked on the elevation: defending da 4931181074a193ece00a13d280. 4. Detailed indexes and decorative nodes of each part of the structure, and names or symbols of materials.
A building profile shows the composition of various parts of a building in the vertical direction, which is called a building profile. The section design drawing should mainly show the height of each part of the building, the number of floors, the combined utilization of building space, and the structure, structural relationship, levels and practices in the building section drawing. The profile position of the profile should be selected in the most representative part with different floors and complicated internal and external space, which mainly includes the following contents: 1. Wall, column, axis and axis number. 2. Outdoor floor, bottom floor (floor), pit, ditch, machine base, floor, ceiling, roof truss, roof, chimney, skylight, windshield, fire ladder, cornice, mother wall, door, window, crane, crane beam, walkway board, beam, railing, stairs, steps and ramps. 3. Height dimension. External dimensions: height and total height of doors, windows and openings; Internal dimensions: pit depth, partition, hole, platform, ceiling, etc. 4. altitude. The ground elevation of the bottom floor (0.000), the elevation of floors above the roof, stairs, platforms, roof panels, roof cornices, human walls and chimney tops, the elevation of water tank rooms, stairwells and computer rooms above the roof, the outdoor ground elevation, and the elevation of my dreams and underground floors below the bottom floor.
The parking problem of the garage in the sky is not a dynamic connection problem of urban development in the west. Because the parking time of the vehicle is less than the parking time; The point product of the parking space is two to three times smaller than the projected area of the vehicle itself; There is no reason to park the car. With the retrogression of urban vehicles, the problem of parking at night is not serious, which means that parking spaces are needed and more than enough. It also implies that parking spaces use rural land as a shield spear. In order to know which answer to answer, shutter doors and shutters are widely used all over the world, such as mechanical multi-storey garages above the ground and sky-high parking facilities. The main reason for Guo Bang's resignation is to drive a garage.
Types of underground garages:
Scale of underground garage: It is appropriate to store about 300 cars in a social garage. Professional garages should be built according to the requirements of "Regulations on Construction and Management of Long-term Parking Lot" and "Code for Planning and Design of Parking Lot" promulgated by China 1988. For example, every room in a high-end hotel should have a designated size of more than 0.3 parking spaces. As shown in Table 4- 1:
Site selection principle of underground garage base: 1. It should conform to the requirements of the overall urban planning and road traffic planning, and adapt to the urban structure and road network structure. 2. Ensure a reasonable service radius. The public garage should be less than 500 meters, and the special garage should be less than 300 meters. 3. The selected site should ensure its immersion degree to a certain extent, with the third level not less than 70%, the second level not less than 85%, and the turnover rate not less than 8 times/day. 4. It should meet the requirements of urban environmental protection, and the location of the air outlet of the underground garage should avoid air purification for adjacent buildings, squares, parks, etc. 5. It should meet the requirements of urban fire control, and the positions of exits, vents and gas stations set on the ground should keep the necessary protective distance from the surrounding buildings and other inflammable and explosive facilities. 6. The base should be located in a position with favorable hydrological and engineering geological conditions, avoiding areas where the groundwater level is too high or the geological structure is particularly complicated. 7. The base should avoid existing underground public pipelines and other existing underground projects. Building component of underground garage: 1. Parking part: parking spaces (including parking spaces, lanes and sidewalks) and transportation facilities (including waiting areas, ramps, elevators, etc.). ) .2. Service: waiting room, free place and facilities such as car washing, refueling, maintenance and charging. 3. Management part: guard room, dispatching room, office, disaster prevention center, etc. 4. Auxiliary parts: fan room, water pump room, equipment warehouse, fuel warehouse, stable oil depot, fire pool, etc. Area index of underground garage: the construction area of underground garage for small cars should be 35 ~ 45 square meters, the parking area of each car should be 28 ~ 38 square meters, and the proportion of parking area to the total construction area should be% ~ 85%. The design of parking space should consider reasonably determining the safe distance between the designed vehicle type and the parking space; Reasonable determination of parking mode and parking mode; Lane width. Ramp design considerations: ensure sufficient capacity such as quantity and location; The ramp structure should be simple, reasonable and firm; Measures should be taken to prevent astringency; For the underground garage with protection requirements, the slope structure should be in the protection zone, and the protective measures corresponding to the protection level should be taken for the hole; Have a reasonable slope, length, width and height. The design of underground garage should invent good and bad environmental quality and have good and bad disaster prevention and protection systems and measures.
Classification of building fire protection According to the height, number of floors and fire safety of buildings, the fire protection design of buildings is classified, and all countries in the world have their own regulations. China's current Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings divides buildings into Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings, Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings and some special codes for fire protection design of buildings. Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (generally referred to as "low code") is applicable to residential buildings with 9 floors or less, other civil buildings with a building height of less than 24 meters, single-storey public buildings with a building height of more than 24 meters, and single-storey, multi-storey and high-rise industrial buildings. Code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings (commonly known as "high code") is applicable to residential buildings with 10 floors and above; Public buildings with a building height exceeding 24 meters. When the height of a high-rise building exceeds 250 meters, the special fire prevention measures taken in architectural design shall be reported to the national fire department for special research and demonstration. High-rise buildings are divided into one category and two categories according to the nature of use, fire risk, and the difficulty of evacuation and fighting. High-rise buildings include high-grade houses in residential buildings, and ordinary houses with 19 floors and above 19 floors; Hospitals and hotels in public buildings; Commercial buildings, exhibition buildings, comprehensive buildings, telecommunications buildings and financial buildings with a building height of more than 50 meters or a building area of more than 1000 square meters; Commercial and residential buildings with a building height exceeding 50 meters or a building area exceeding 1500 square meters; Central and provincial radio and television buildings (including cities with separate plans); Network bureau level and provincial (including cities with separate plans) power dispatching buildings; Provincial (including cities under separate state planning) postal buildings and disaster prevention command and dispatch buildings; Libraries and stacks with more than 654.38+00,000 volumes; Important office buildings, scientific research buildings and archives buildings; Learning teaching buildings and ordinary hotels, office buildings, scientific research buildings, archives and other buildings with a building height of more than 50 meters. High-rise second-class buildings include ordinary houses with floors 10 to 18; Trade building, exhibition building, comprehensive building, telephone building, financial building, commercial and residential building, library building and stacks outside class I buildings; Post building, disaster prevention command and dispatch building, radio and television building and electric power dispatching building below the provincial level; Educational buildings and ordinary hotels, office buildings, scientific research buildings and archives buildings with a building height of not more than 50 meters.
Fire resistance limit of building components The fire resistance test of building components is carried out according to the standard curve of time and temperature. The time from the time when the fire function is given to the time when the supporting capacity or integrity is destroyed or the fire prevention and heat insulation function is released is expressed in hours. The fire resistance rating of buildings is divided into one, two, three and four grades. The fire resistance rating of a class of high-rise buildings should be Grade I, and the fire resistance rating of a class of high-rise buildings should not be lower than Grade II. The main load-bearing components of buildings, such as columns, beams, walls, floors, etc. , generally composed of non-burning concrete and masonry, its fire resistance limit can generally meet the requirements of the first and second fire resistance grades. However, the fire resistance of some rarely used prestressed beams and floors can not meet the requirements of relevant codes. Therefore, it is necessary to delete the thickness of the curing layer of the main reinforcement, spray fireproof materials or take other fireproof measures to improve its fire resistance and make it reach the fire resistance limit required by the code.
The building spacing determined according to the building fire protection requirements is called the building fire protection spacing. The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings have made specific provisions on the fire protection spacing of buildings within their scope of application. These regulations are determined by comprehensively considering several factors, such as meeting the needs of fire fighting, avoiding the spread of fire to adjacent buildings, and saving land, and referring to the current situation of fire prevention spacing of completed buildings. The code also stipulates the fire prevention spacing of some warehouses for flammable liquids, gas storage tanks and chemical flammable materials, as well as factories that use and produce flammable and explosive materials. In the general layout design of buildings, in addition to the requirements of urban planning and building use, it is also necessary to meet the building fire prevention spacing specified in the building fire prevention code to determine the location of buildings.
In case of fire in a building, in order to ensure that people in the building can be evacuated to a safe area quickly and safely, the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings stipulates the number and arrangement of building safety entrances, the interval of safe evacuation under different conditions, the width of emergency evacuation doors, the width of walkways, the width of evacuation stairs and the situation. In multi-storey and high-rise buildings, the evacuation of people on floors must pass through stairs, so the requirements for evacuation stairs and stairwells are more specific. For example, as stipulated in the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings, smoke-proof stairwells should be set up for Class I and Class II buildings with a building height exceeding 32 meters, except for modular and verandah houses. For podium buildings and second-class buildings with a building height of no more than 32 meters, in addition to unit rooms and verandah rooms, closed stairwells should be set up. Each dual evacuation staircase of the apartment building should lead to the roof. There is no need to open stairwells in the unit rooms on floors below 1 1 and1,but the doors leading to the stairwells should be Class B fire doors, and the stairwells should be close to the local area, with indirect natural lighting and ventilation. 12 to the single-story unit room, the smoke-proof stairwell should be removed. A class of private * * * buildings, tower houses, 12-storey and above unit houses and arcade houses, and other class II public * * * buildings with a height of more than 32 meters shall be equipped with fire elevators. Fire elevator passengers were mainly used by firefighters in case of fire, and Dont Ask For Help personnel were evacuated.
Building fire protection zoning is a regional category of building spacing determined according to building fire protection requirements. According to the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings, the maximum allowable building area of each floor of the fire protection zone of civil buildings with Grade I and II fire resistance is 2500 square meters; The maximum allowable building area of each floor with fire resistance grade III is1200m2; The fourth-class fire resistance rating is 600 square meters per floor. The fire partition area of the basement and semi-basement of the building shall not exceed 500 square meters. (Fire Protection Design Standard for High-rise Civil Buildings) stipulates that the maximum allowable building area of each fire protection zone of high-rise buildings is 1000 square meters; The second category is1500m2; The basement is 500 square meters. Whether there is a fire zone for active fire fighting in the redemption building, the maximum allowable building area can be doubled according to the above-mentioned provisions. When this part is set from the still water system, the increased area can be calculated by doubling the total area.
Smoke partition In order to control the smoke in a certain range and reduce the affected area in case of fire, the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Buildings stipulates the smoke partition in high-rise buildings. The construction area of each smoke-proof partition should not exceed 500 square meters, and the smoke-proof partition should not exceed the fire-proof partition. Smoke-proof areas are divided as follows: 1. Rooms and walkways without smoke exhaust facilities are not divided into smoke-proof areas. 2. The corridor should be equipped with smoke exhaust facilities according to regulations. When there is no room, when the door connecting the room and the corridor is a fire door, the smoke-proof area can be divided only by the area of the corridor, and the smoke-proof area should also include the area when the room is not a fire door. 3. The room should be equipped with smoke exhaust facilities according to regulations. When there is no aisle, when the door connecting the room with the aisle is a fire door, the smoke-proof area can be divided only according to the area of the room. If it is not a fire door, the smoke-proof area should include the area of the walkway. Smoke-proof partition is made up of smoke-proof hanging wall, partition wall or beam protruding more than 50 cm from the ceiling.
The fire elevator is used for firefighters to quickly reach the fire floor to put out the fire in case of fire. High-rise buildings should be equipped with fire elevators according to regulations. The setting of fire elevator shall meet the following requirements: 1. The fire elevator room should have a front room with an area of more than 6 square meters, and the area of the front room shared with the smoke staircase should not be less than 10 square meter. 2. The front room of the fire elevator should be close to the outer wall, and the entrance to the outside should be located on the ground floor or through a passage with a young age of not more than 30 meters. 3. The fire elevator shaft and machine room should be separated from the adjacent elevator shaft and machine room by a wall with a fire resistance limit of not less than 2.50 hours. If the door is opened on the partition wall, a Class A fire door should be set. 4. The front room of the fire elevator should adopt Class B fire doors or fire shutters. 5. Fire elevators should be equipped with telephones and control buttons widely used by fire brigades. 6. The bottom of the fire elevator should be equipped with drainage facilities.
Building fire lane is called building fire lane, which is used by fire-fighting vehicles in building fire fighting. Building fire lanes can be set separately from urban planning roads and lanes needed for building use. The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings have their own regulations on fire lanes. The Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings stipulates that circular fire lanes should be set around high-rise buildings. When it is difficult to set up circular lanes, fire lanes can be set up along two long sides of high-rise buildings. When the length of the building along the street exceeds 150m or the total length exceeds 220m, a fire lane passing through the high-rise building shall be set at a proper position. High-rise buildings should be provided with pedestrian passages connecting streets and inner courtyards, and the spacing between passages should not exceed 80 meters. When the side of the inner courtyard or patio of a high-rise building is longer than 24 meters, a fire lane should be set to enter the inner courtyard or patio. Fire trucks and natural water sources and fire pools should be equipped with fire lanes. The width of the fire lane should not be less than 4m. The distance between the fire lane and the external wall of a high-rise building should not be more than 5 meters, and there should be no obstacles within the range of 4 meters above the fire lane. Cease-fire lane should be provided with a back lane or a return yard, and the return yard should not be less than 15m× 15m. The return of large fire engines should not be less than 18m× 18m. Pipes and culverts under fire lanes should be able to withstand the pressure of fire vehicles. The width and height of the fire lane crossing the high-rise building should not be less than 4m. Between the fire lane and the high-rise building, there should be no trees or overhead pipelines that hinder the operation of climbing fire engines.
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