Such data is undoubtedly exciting. In just 60 years, the pharmaceutical industry in China has experienced a development process from small to large. Today, China is striving to move from a big pharmaceutical country to a powerful pharmaceutical country.
Looking back on the 60 years of China's pharmaceutical industry development, Yu Guanwen, a former senior consultant of China Chemical Pharmaceutical Industry Association and known as the "walking dictionary" of China's pharmaceutical industry, was very emotional. In his view, the development of China's pharmaceutical industry, especially the chemical pharmaceutical industry, can be divided into two 30 years, that is, "the first 30 years, strive to lay the foundation; In the last 30 years, reform and opening up have made great progress. "
Work hard to lay the foundation.
"When New China was founded, the foundation of China's chemical pharmaceutical industry was very weak, mainly based on simple raw materials processed into preparations, with simple plant equipment, few varieties and low output." Yu Guanwen said, "New China is in a state of lack of medical care and medicine."
Yu Guanwen provided the reporter with such a data: 1950, China could only produce dozens of tons of APIs.
"In the first 30 years, the pharmaceutical industry in China, especially the chemical industry, was mainly self-reliant, supplemented by foreign aid." Yu Guanwen said.
The outline of China's first five-year plan stipulates that the pharmaceutical industry should focus on the development of raw materials. Yu Guanwen believes that this was very necessary at that time. The development of APIs can not be separated from the chemical foundation. At that time, China's chemical industry foundation was also very weak, and there were few varieties of chemical raw materials, so pharmaceutical production could not wait. Some chemical raw materials can only be produced by themselves. North China Pharmaceutical Factory is one of the 156 key projects aided by the former Soviet Union during the first five-year plan period. The glass factory supporting Chinese medicine was designed and equipped by GDR. The completion and commissioning of Huabei Pharmaceutical Factory ended the history of China's complete dependence on imported penicillin and streptomycin.
Jin, former deputy director of the State Administration of Medicine, summed up the development of China's pharmaceutical industry in the first 30 years: during the three-year recovery, the First Five-Year Plan and the pilot trusteeship, the industry changed with each passing day, and antibiotics, sulfonamides, antipyretics, anti-tuberculosis drugs and endemic drugs developed rapidly from scratch, making important contributions to the prevention and control of infectious diseases and endemic diseases that seriously endangered people's health at that time and supporting the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. Three years of "Great Leap Forward" and ten years of "Cultural Revolution" turmoil, the pharmaceutical industry was disturbed by the "Left", and there was a chaotic situation of running pharmaceutical factories and drugs in disorder. However, with the efforts of the party and government leaders and the broad masses of cadres and workers, new progress has been made in improving the production technology of raw materials and improving the mechanization level of preparation production, and in developing oral contraceptives, drugs for cardiovascular diseases, drugs for chronic bronchial diseases in the elderly and anti-tumor drugs.
"In the first 30 years, through the expansion, reconstruction and new construction of pharmaceutical enterprises in coastal areas, and the strengthening of inland construction from the 1960 s (then called the' third line' construction and the' small third line' construction), the pharmaceutical industry layout was more reasonable, and pharmaceutical factories were also established in remote provinces. Yu Guanwen pointed out, "At that time, in addition to two pharmaceutical industry research institutes in Beijing and Shanghai, more than 10 provincial and municipal pharmaceutical industry research institutes were established, and factories and medical glass factories were newly built and expanded. The variety of drugs has increased, the output has expanded, the management has been strengthened, and the supporting facilities have been better. The pharmaceutical industry has a certain foundation. "
On the basis of the progress of science and technology, the expansion of output and the sharp drop of production cost, a situation that we are used to now-1959 ~1979, the state reduced the price of drugs seven times to reduce the burden of purchasing drugs for the state, enterprises and individuals. 1976 during the Tangshan earthquake, the first plane to Tangshan was medicines and medical devices transported by Shanghai Pharmaceutical Purchasing and Supply Point, and various pharmaceutical companies worked overtime to produce disaster relief products, which met the needs of disaster relief.
After the founding of New China, the pharmaceutical industry in China experienced three stages of development:
◆ The first stage:
During the first five-year plan period, raw materials, antibiotics and special drugs for frequently-occurring and endemic diseases were mainly developed, showing the embryonic form of China's pharmaceutical industry;
◆ The second stage:
In the "trust" stage, under the planned economy system, the medical "trust" alleviated the shortage of doctors and drugs caused by the unbalanced development of the domestic pharmaceutical industry at that time and accelerated the pace of scientific and technological progress;
◆ The third stage:
After the reform and opening up from 65438 to 0978, the pharmaceutical industry moved from a planned economy to a market economy.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the party and the state have formulated a series of correct policies to promote the progress of the industry, creating a good environment for the development of the pharmaceutical economy, and the rules and regulations of drug supervision are increasingly standardized and improved, which has made China's pharmaceutical industry develop unprecedentedly.
According to statistics, at present, China can produce 0/500 kinds of raw materials/KLOC-,and the output of many drugs ranks first in the world, such as penicillin and vitamin C. A number of plant drugs and natural drugs, such as berberine, an anti-infective drug, and colchicine, an anti-tumor drug, have been mass-produced and widely used in China. Antibiotics, vitamins, hormones, antipyretic and analgesic drugs, amino acids, alkaloids and other products occupy a considerable share and position in the international pharmaceutical market. Artemisinin products produced in China are widely used in the world, and have made important contributions to the prevention and treatment of malaria. China can produce 4 1 species of vaccines for preventing 26 kinds of virus and bacterial infections, and the annual output exceeds 1 100 million dosage units, among which the output of vaccines for preventing common infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus reaches 500 million people. While meeting the needs of domestic residents for disease prevention, China has provided domestic vaccines to the World Health Organization for disease prevention in other countries. In terms of medical devices, China can produce more than 3,000 varieties, among which digital X-ray machines, magnetic vibration, ultrasound, CT and other high-tech diagnostic and therapeutic products occupy a certain share in the market. The total output value of pharmaceutical industry in China rose from 1998 to 137 1 100 million yuan, reaching 667.9 billion yuan in 2007.
The growth rate of pharmaceutical industry has been higher than GDP.
In fact, the growth rate of China's pharmaceutical industry has been higher than that of GDP. The total output value of pharmaceutical industry increased from 7.9 billion yuan in 1978 to 667.9 billion yuan in 2007, an increase of 84.5 times in 30 years. The proportion of pharmaceutical industry in GDP increased from 2. 17% in 1978 to 2.7 1% in 2007. In the decade before the reform and opening up, the average annual growth rate of the pharmaceutical industry was 14.4%, which was higher than the average annual growth rate of GDP of 9.7% in the same period. In the second decade, the average annual growth rate of GDP increased to 9.9%, while the average annual growth rate of pharmaceutical industry was as high as 2 1.4%. In recent ten years, although the growth rate of pharmaceutical industry has declined, it is still higher than the average annual growth rate of GDP, with an average annual growth rate of 18.8%.
In the process of transition to market economy, state-owned pharmaceutical enterprises have rapidly changed to modern enterprise system, and established new limited liability companies and joint stock limited companies. Relevant data show that the number of pharmaceutical industrial enterprises in China has grown from 1985 to 1829, and increased to 5979 in 2007. 1995, there were 48 pharmaceutical joint-stock enterprises in China, with an output value of 1 188 billion yuan, accounting for12.4% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry in that year; There are 395 foreign-funded enterprises with a total output value of 65.438+0.547 billion yuan, accounting for 654.38+06.2% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry in that year. 1997, the number of pharmaceutical joint-stock enterprises increased to 342, and the total output value increased to 193 billion yuan, accounting for 15.7% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry in that year, which was 3.2 percentage points higher than 1995; There are 626 foreign-funded enterprises with a total output value of 291.200 million yuan, accounting for 23.6% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry in that year, which is 7.4 percentage points higher than that of 1.995. Relevant data show that from 65438 to 0985, China's pharmaceutical production industry appeared the type of non-public economy, accounting for only 0.02% of that year. With the deepening of economic system reform, the proportion of non-public economy in China's pharmaceutical industry is increasing. By 2006, the proportion was as high as 9 1.56%, which became a new force for the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry in China.
Industrial concentration has gradually increased.
Since 2004, due to the full implementation of drug GMP certification, the industry has eliminated the fittest, and the industrial concentration has been greatly improved, which has enhanced the competitiveness of China pharmaceutical enterprises in the international market.
The trend that the pharmaceutical market in China is concentrated in a few large enterprises is more and more obvious, and some products such as vitamins and industrial salt of penicillin have initially achieved oligopoly. Among the 5/kloc-0 large enterprise groups in China, pharmaceutical enterprise groups account for 15. From 65438 to 0997, the output value of large pharmaceutical enterprises accounted for 50.5% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry, and the output value of medium-sized enterprises accounted for 26% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry. The competitive advantages of large-scale and standardized mainstream enterprise groups are gradually emerging. By 2007, the market concentration of China's pharmaceutical industry 10 has reached 13. 14%, which is the most obvious group to improve the overall industrial concentration. In 2007, the sales revenue of the top 100 pharmaceutical enterprises mostly concentrated between 654.38+0 billion and 2 billion yuan, accounting for 30-72 places among the top 100 pharmaceutical enterprises, an increase of 6543.8+0.3 places compared with 2006. The rapid rise of medium-sized enterprises has injected more new forces into China's pharmaceutical industry, showing greater development potential, and the scale effect of pharmaceutical enterprises has begun to appear.
In terms of APIs, the rising cost of environmental protection has led to an increase in the entry threshold for API production; In preparation, the gradual standardization of the market will increase the operating cost of small enterprises and show the scale advantage of large enterprises; In the aspect of pharmaceutical circulation, the low profit rate of wholesale links makes the scale effect more valuable; In the retail field, powerful enterprises will also expand through mergers and acquisitions. From the perspective of the whole industrial chain, there are driving factors leading to the increase of concentration at each level, and the trend of increasing concentration in the pharmaceutical industry is unstoppable.