Large instrument use, should pay attention to the instrumentation of grounding, electromagnetic radiation, network and other safety matters to avoid accidents.
I, the laboratory of the general precautions
1, before entering the laboratory, wear a good lab coat (chemical resistant clothing), wear good protective glasses, gloves (preferably double), is strictly prohibited to wear flip-flops, shorts, skirts, tank tops and other large areas of bare skin clothing into the laboratory.
2, before the start of the experiment, should carefully check whether the instrument is intact, the device is correct and stable. In the experiment, you should always pay attention to check the instrument for leakage and breakage, observe whether the reaction is normal, whether the experimental operation is standardized, etc. All the experiments related operations should be carried out in the fume hood.
3, before the start of the reaction will be other debris removed from the fume hood desktop, in principle, only to retain the experimental instruments and materials, and the table surface should be kept clean.
4. For the reaction which is estimated to be dangerous, there should be sufficient preparation and protective measures, and if necessary, higher level of protective equipment should be used, such as positive pressure respirator, protective face screen, half mask, full face mask, goggles, nitrile gloves and so on.
5, before the experiment, check and prepare the reagents and materials used to see whether the type is complete, whether the amount of material to meet the casting, the drugs and reagents used in the experiment shall not be scattered, abandoned or taken out of the laboratory, the laboratory generated by the waste solids and liquids should be put into the specified garbage cans and containers, and are not allowed to be poured into the sewers.
6, the reaction of harmful gases in the experiments and experiments using harmful volatile solvents, should be in accordance with the provisions of the tail gas absorption device, after the absorption of the absorption system to pay attention to be processed, to avoid the leakage of harmful gases into the air, affecting health.
7, the end of the experiment to carefully wash their hands, is strictly prohibited in the laboratory to eat or drink, is strictly prohibited in the laboratory wearing headphones to listen to music.
8, the thermometer into the rubber plug, you should first check whether the plug hole size is appropriate, whether the thermometer front smooth, wrapped in paper or cloth thermometer, and then slowly rotate it into the plug hole, holding the thermometer hand should be close to the plug, to prevent the thermometer from breaking and scratching the skin.
9, fully familiar with the safety of fire appliances, such as fire extinguishers, sand buckets and first aid boxes placed in the location, familiar with the method of use, and regular inspection, more care. Safety and fire appliances and first aid medicines are not allowed to casually move the location or diverted to other uses.
Two, fire, explosion, poisoning, electrocution prevention
1, most of the organic solvents used in the laboratory is flammable, therefore, containers containing flammable organic solvents shall not be close to the fire source and the heating device, the laboratory is strictly prohibited to appear open flame. Laboratory shall not store a large number of organic solvents, strong oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents are strictly prohibited to be stored together.
2, flammable organic solvents (especially low boiling point flammable organic solvents) at room temperature also has a large vapor pressure, air mixed with flammable organic solvents when the vapor reaches a certain limit, the formation of aerosols, the occasional electric spark is very easy to combustion and explosion. Most of the organic solvent vapors are more dense than air, will drift along the desktop or the ground to the farther, or deposited in the lowlands, therefore, do not containers with organic solvents for a long time open placed.
3, atmospheric pressure operation should make the full set of devices have a certain buffer zone (such as oil sealing device, balloon, etc.), is strictly prohibited to form a closed system for the reaction. Decompression distillation to use round-bottomed flasks as receiving vessels, not conical flasks or cracked glass instruments, otherwise it will increase the risk of bottle rupture. When operating under pressure (autoclave), you should always pay attention to whether the pressure in the kettle exceeds the safe load, and should be protected.
4, some organic compounds when encountered with oxidizing agents will be violently decomposed, oxidation reaction, and then cause an explosion or combustion, the operation of the relevant knowledge should be mastered, the operation should be particularly careful. When storing drugs, should be potassium chlorate, peroxide, concentrated nitric acid and other strong oxidizing agents and organic reagents stored separately.
5, open the storage of volatile liquid bottle stopper, should be cooled and then open; open the bottle mouth pointing to no one, so as to avoid liquid splash injury. If the stopper is not easy to open, we must pay attention to the nature of the bottle storage, do not open with violence.
6, some experiments may produce dangerous compounds, the operation needs to be particularly careful, must be equipped with protective measures. Some types of compounds are explosive, such as azides, diazonium salts, nitrate, multi-nitro compounds, etc., the use of operating procedures must be strictly adhered to, there should be explosion-proof measures. Some compounds such as ether, tetrahydrofuran (without stabilizers), will be left for a long time to generate explosive peroxide.
7, toxic reagents involved in the reaction should be carefully operated, properly preserved materials. Experiments used in the highly toxic substances should be sent and received, registration, use, and to the user must comply with the operating procedures, the user to make detailed experiments and quenching records, experiments used in the vessels must be quenched, cleaned.
8, in the reaction process may produce toxic or corrosive gases in the experiment, need to be connected to the tail gas absorption device, in the absorption device and the reaction bottle in the middle, to add a buffer device, to avoid backsiphonage lead to experimental failure.
9, the use of electrical appliances, the human body should be prevented from direct contact with the conductive part of the electrical appliances, can not touch the electric plug with wet hands or hands holding wet objects. In order to prevent electric shock, the device and the metal casing of the equipment, etc. should be connected to the ground wire. Rainy days with high humidity should pay more attention to the safety of electricity; experiments, should first confirm the circuit, and then turn on the power.