Traditional methods of making plaster
One, the song and notes
One Dan and two oil, the paste is thick, three on three, simmering withered to slag, dripping into a bead, away from the fire under the Dan, Dan familiar with the creation of the cold water underground, the shape of the black like lacquer, the heat is soft, the cool is hard, sticking to the sticking, pulling that is up. Simmering ointment should master the technical essentials: 1. frying do not too much or less than, such as less than the efficacy of the hard to find, too much will affect the viscosity of the ointment. 2. under the Dan to pay attention to mastering the fire and dosage size, the temperature is low to affect the Dan oil synthesized, the color of the color is not zephyr. Large fire is easy to burn, Dan amount of small paste is tender, easy to lose the fixed role. Dan large amount of cream old, brittle and not sticky, easy to peel off the paste. 3. Zu said: the black power of the paste in boiling, bright work in the churning, after the Dan to keep stirring, and stirring with a fan or fan, try to make the oil Dan gas produced during the synthesis of the gas to run off, then the paste is bright, sticky.
Two, detailed steps
Black ointment system to edible oil frying medicine, slagging, and then react with the yellow Dan at high temperature into a hard paste of lead.
I. Selection of substrate raw materials and the treatment of medicinal materials
1. Vegetable oil: hemp oil with pure texture is good. The advantage is that the refining foam is less, favorable operation. And made of ointment color bright, sticky, good quality. Can also be used cotton oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, etc., should not use soybean oil.
2. Huangdan: also known as chapter Dan, lead Dan, red Dan, Tao Dan, orange-yellow, heavy, powdered, the main become four lead oxide, the purity requirements of more than 95%. (Can be bought in large pharmacies or chemical stores)
3. Treatment of medicinal materials: medicinal materials can be divided into general medicinal materials (coarse materials) and fine materials of two types. Coarse material for general Chinese medicine roots, stems and leaves, fine material for the precious medicine and aromatic medicine. Coarse material according to the prescription to take a good, and appropriate crushing, for boiling withered slag preparation. Fine materials such as musk, etc. into a fine powder standby, spread coated in the surface of the paste; soluble or volatile fine materials such as ice chips, camphor, myrrh, frankincense, etc. can be studied as a fine powder standby, put into the melted paste before spreading and mixing. (Fine powder should be 120 mesh sieve)
Two, the traditional black ointment production process
1. The extraction of medicinal materials (boiled withered dregs): take vegetable oil in a pot, slightly hot, the medicinal materials into the heating and stirring until the medicinal materials fried to the surface of the dark brown internal charred to the degree. At this time, the temperature can reach 220 degrees, after frying can be used wire sieve to remove the dregs of the drug, to remove the dregs of the oil for the drug oil. (The best pot with a copper pot, control the temperature can be used special high-temperature thermometer, medical equipment malls are sold)
2. refining oil: take the above oil to continue to simmering, to be the oil temperature rises to 320 degrees (must reach the temperature, it is very critical), change to medium heat. Oil refining fire: one is to see the thermometer, to reach the specified temperature; two is to see the oil smoke, the beginning of light green, gradually black and thick, and then white smoke, no wind when the white smoke straight up; three is to see the oil flower: the beginning of the boiling, oil flower in the pot wall around the vicinity of the periphery, when the oil flower to the pot in the center of the collection of the degree; four is to see the drop into a bead: take a small amount of medicinal oil drops in the water, do not spread into a bead for the degree. (This level is the most difficult, must be refining oil to dripping beads, must pay attention to fire prevention, the temperature is too high)
3. Dan into a paste: oil refining, away from the fire under the Dan, 500 grams of oil can be added to the general 250 grams or so Dan, yellow Dan in the next before drying and 100 mesh sieve. Add a small amount of Dan, stirring while adding, be sure to stir in the same direction. Stir into a viscous paste, paste does not stick to the hand, pulling the wire constantly for good, too hard is old, too sticky is tender.
4. To remove the fire poison: the paste is made into cold water, soak, change the water every day, seven days after the paste into.
5. Take the poultice group placed in a container, in a water bath or melting on the fire, will be fine material into, stir, take a certain amount of paste with a bamboo stick in the kraft paper or poultice cloth can be, musk and other particularly valuable medicine can be sprinkled on the last.
The penetration of lead-free Dan-free plasters mainly relies on the ointment to promote penetration of agents such as musk, ice chips, nitrogen ketone, etc. Lead-free Dan-free plasters are convenient to produce, environmental hygiene, easier for patients to accept.
Check method
Take the test article 5, respectively, weigh the total weight. Cut the unit area (cm<2>) of the laminated back weighing, converted to laminated back weight. Total weight of the ointment minus the weight of the back of the mount is the weight of the ointment, and the labeled weight shall not exceed the provisions of the above table.
6 related provisions
I, the herbs should be processed according to law, broken, broken, according to the provisions of the varieties under the frying withered; texture of light foam intolerant of frying herbs, it is desirable to wait until the other herbs to fry to the withered after joining.
Second, after the oil refining to "droplets into pearls", put to a certain temperature and then add red Dan, stirring to make a full mix, spraying water. The ointment into a pile in the water for impregnation.
Three, volatile drugs, minerals and precious drugs should be finely powdered, added before coating, the temperature should not exceed 70 ℃.
Four, the plaster should be black and shiny, oily and delicate, old and young moderate, spread evenly, no red spots, no flying edge gap, warmed and can be pasted on the skin and does not move.
Fifth, the ointment should be sealed, stored in a cool place.
7 weight difference
The weight difference limit of the ointment should be in accordance with the following table:
━━━━━━━━ undertakes to ━━━━━━━━━━━
Demonstrated weight │ weight difference limit
────────┼───────────
3g or less than 3g │ ± 10%
More than 3g to 12g │ ±7%
More than 12g to 30g │ ±6%
More than 30g │ ±5%
━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━
8 Ointment Secrets
Some people have once laughed at the idea that elderly people who haven't used ointment in China can apply for the label "rare animal". "Rare animal" label. Although it is a joke, but also reflects the widespread use of ointment in China. Ancient medical doctors have said: "plasters can cure the disease, no different from the soup, with the right method, its sound should be." Compared with injections and medicines, ointment is convenient, painless and easier for people to accept. Especially the elderly who often have back pain, but also to the cream of love, often prepared at home. This issue of expert evaluation of drugs, for you --
Poultices in China has a long history, is the Chinese medicine five dosage form - pills, proteins, creams, Dan, one of the soup. As early as in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, "Neijing", "Shennong Ben Cao Jing", "difficult to Jing" and other works have records on the ointment, "Neijing" recorded a kind of pig fat ointment and so on ointment, called "ragweed ointment", used to apply treatment of armpit small ulcers. During the Tang and Song dynasties, medicine flourished, with more and more types of ointment, the scope of treatment is also more and more extensive, some used for bruises pain relief, some used for abscesses and boils "pus extraction and extraction of poison". By the Qing Dynasty, plasters had developed into common folk medicine and were one of the common external treatment measures.
The plasters are convenient, easy to operate, inexpensive, safe and painless, and with their wide range of treatment, they are easily accepted by the people. In particular, often suffer from neck, shoulder, waist, leg pain and other chronic strain diseases of the elderly, the plaster is a favorite.
Poultices play a role through the skin paste poultice therapy is one of the commonly used external treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine, it follows the principle of Chinese medicine and the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, the main treatment and attribution of the principle of fully mobilizing the coordination of medicines with each other for the use of the efficacy of the composition of multi-flavored drugs, in order to give play to the good effect of the drug. Because the plaster is directly applied to the body surface, and most of the drugs used in the production of plasters have a strong odor, and then add the pungent and go away from the strong lead to the meridian drugs, through the penetration of the skin, the internal transmission of the meridians, internal organs, and play a role in regulating qi and blood, through the meridian, dispersal of cold and dampness, and eliminate the role of swelling and pain.
Three types of dosage, the role of each has its own characteristics of a wide variety of creams, comprehensive ancient and modern creams, in addition to internal decoction, external paste roughly divided into ointment, ointment, compressing the cream of the three types of dosage.
Ointment people used to call it "ointment" or "ointment", it is made of vegetable oil, beeswax, petroleum jelly or animal fat as a substrate, with traditional Chinese medicine. Ointments protect, moisturize and lubricate the skin. Some of the drugs in the ointment can be absorbed transdermally to exert systemic effects. This type of dosage form is characterized by outstanding, sure efficacy, patients are happy to use, the general pharmacy are sold.
Hard cream production process is more complex, more made by a special process of nearly solid dosage form. The use of heating and softening spread on a clean thick cloth, kraft paper or cooked dog skin, pasted on the affected area or acupuncture points. Such hard plasters have local or systemic therapeutic effect, according to the substrate and production process, there are lead plaster, rosin paste, rubber paste, dog skin paste, babu plaster and so on.
Compression ointment is the preparation of Chinese medicine powder, with a variety of liquids into a paste or ointment, spread on gauze to apply the affected area or a certain part. This type of dosage form is relatively simple to make, and can be used under the guidance of the doctor's evidence of the preparation.
After the continuous summary of clinical experience, the formula of the paste, the production process is constantly improving, the efficacy of the paste is also significantly improved, the scope of application is more extensive. Especially in the dosage form has been reformed and innovated, the market has appeared a new generation of different formulations of ointment dosage form, widely used in various clinical departments, favored by patients.
Nowadays, in addition to hospitals (especially Chinese hospitals) pharmacy, large and small pharmacies, clinics, and even stalls can be seen on the figure of plasters. In the face of the dazzling plaster market, if you need, how to choose?
The scientific way to choose the right plaster is to choose the right plaster, not according to the price or brand to choose. Because each cream has its own unique efficacy and indications, there is no cream in the world that can cure all diseases. The most reliable method is to choose according to the indications under the guidance of a physician or pharmacist.
Joint pain (rheumatic pain), stiffness, muscle numbness, fractures, injuries (sprains, contusions) patients, you can choose to have to dispel wind and dampness, qi activation of blood, menstrual pain effect of Taiyi Mountain black ointment, Wan Ying ointment, anti-inflammatory ointment pain relief ointment, blood ointment, rubber-type ointment and bone ointment, etc..
Carbuncles and gangrene caused by heat and toxin stagnation at the beginning of the hard knot does not go away, redness, swelling and pain, pus is not ulcerated or long ulceration does not dissipate, as well as sores, boils, patients can choose to have the effect of swelling and pain relief, to remove the decay of the muscle and other effects of taiyi ointment, plucking poisonous ointment, one-horned lotus ointment, yang and condensation of the ointment, the ointment of yellow and yellow ointment, and so on.
If the back pain and joint pain are caused by wind and cold, the dog skin ointment or chasing the wind ointment can be used to dispel the cold and wind, relax the tendons and collaterals, and activate blood circulation to relieve pain.
The heart balm is a compress made of Chinese medicines such as musk, ice, saffron, frankincense, myrrh and nitroglycerin, which are used to activate blood circulation and remove dampness and aroma. Once angina symptoms, you can immediately take a piece of paste on the anterior region of the heart, angina can be relieved in 5 to 6 minutes. If you paste 1 time a day, there is a preventive effect of angina pectoris.
Identification of good and bad plasters according to the 1995 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia on the quality of traditional Chinese medicine plasters to judge the standard, qualified plasters should meet the following requirements: old and young skin are suitable, stick to the skin has a suitable viscosity, will not move the position; the appearance of the oily and delicate, no irritation to the skin; the same kind of plasters thickness and weight should be basically the same; stored at room temperature, two years, do not deteriorate, and do not lose viscosity.
The above can only be known after use. For ordinary patients, in the purchase of ointment should know: qualified ointment packaging should be marked manufacturer, drug license number, production date, shelf life (generally 2 years), drug instructions in detail.
Recognize the State Pharmaceutical Drug Certification No. Ointment belongs to a type of traditional Chinese medicine, regular legal sales of ointment should be issued by the State Food and Drug Administration of the drug certification. According to the State Food and Drug Administration issued the "Drug Specifications Rules," the relevant provisions of the Chinese medicine manual format should be labeled with the main ingredients. In the drug manual should also be marked: function and main treatment, use and dosage, storage, adverse reactions, contraindications (some labeled as contraindications), precautions and other content.
Be careful to buy stalls "ancestral plasters"
Stalls "ancestral plasters" can not be said to be fake, but the good and bad, I am afraid that a lot of fraud. The seller boasts that the cream is very good and often untrustworthy. Because of the mobility of the vendors on the ground stalls, fooled can only recognize their own bad luck. Patients should still go to a regular hospital or pharmacy to buy with a drug license number of the cream, some regular hospitals homemade cream can also be used.
Application of many patients to buy their own plasters, did not consult the doctor or read the instructions, on the pain in the place. However, this has a certain blindness, not necessarily effective, and may be detrimental to health. It is important to know that the plastering method is also a good idea.
The plastering method has to pay attention to ☆ to find the right plastering site in the plastering before you should choose the correct plastering site, such as migraine plastered temples; bruises, all kinds of skin diseases, such as plastering the affected area; chronic bronchitis plastered lungs Yu, Tianchu and other acupuncture points; gastric pain plastered spleen Yu, gastric Yu, or the upper epigastric region, the epigastric region.
Some creams must be pasted on specific parts of the body surface, such as the treatment of pediatric cold accumulation of abdominal pain in pediatric warming umbilical cord cream, must be pasted on the navel.
Cleaning the paste at the paste before, should first use a towel dipped in warm water to wash the affected area, dry and then paste the paste; red, swollen and painful parts should be sterilized with medical alcohol before paste the paste.
Joint sprains should first cold compress joint sprains, should not be immediately paste the ointment. Because of the sprain of the cream has the effect of blood circulation, such as immediately after the injury on the paste, not only can not achieve the purpose of swelling and pain, but will make the local soft tissue congestion and swelling, pain aggravation.
The correct method is, in the case of the skin is not broken, you should first use cold water to rinse the affected area or use ice to apply the affected area. Wait 24 hours before applying hot compresses or plasters, which can reduce pain and swelling, but also shorten the duration of the disease.
Hot compresses can be firmly plastered in winter cold climate, rubber plasters are often not easy to paste, then you can paste a good plaster and then use a hot water bag or blowing with a hairdryer for two or three minutes, in order to paste firmly, improve the therapeutic effect.
Adverse reactions to the treatment of minor discomfort most people do not have any obvious discomfort after the plaster, some people will feel the local micro-heat, itchy, which is a normal reaction, you can not care.
There are some people who will have blisters after applying the ointment, if the blisters are not big and not easy to break, then stop using the ointment and apply it again after the blisters subside. If the blisters are large and easy to break, you can use a sterilized syringe or an ordinary sewing needle to burn the blisters, squeeze the liquid inside the blisters, and then disinfect them with alcohol or apply gentian violet lotion. If the blisters recur, they are treated as allergic reactions.
Allergy after plastering the local skin pimples, blisters, itching, indicating allergy to the plaster.
Should immediately remove the cream, if the allergic reaction is mild, then use warm water to paste the cream at the wash can be.
If there are rashes and blisters on the plaster, the plaster should be removed immediately, and the affected area should be sterilized with saline or Reveronol (Ethacridine Lactate, also known as Livanol), and then bandaged with gauze.
If the blisters are large, you should go to the hospital and use a sterilized syringe to draw out the fluid in the blisters and treat accordingly.
9 cleaning plaster
How should you clean the residue on your body after removing the plaster?
With the removed plaster repeatedly dabbed, you can soon remove the medicine mark, simple and useful.
10 black ointment herbal culture
Shanxi Province, Qinling Mountain, the main peak of the Terminal South Mountain, year-round snow, cold light, so called Taibai Mountain (called Taiyi Mountain in the Zhou Dynasty), Taibai Mountain is full of medicinal herbs, attracting saints from the medicine from ancient times to the present, Langzhong. According to legend, "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and encountered seventy poisons in one day" took place on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains, along the mountains of Chang'an, Zhouzhi and Baoji. In the Tang Dynasty, the famous Shanglin Yuan was a royal hunting ground for medicine, which was located at the foot of Zhongnan Mountain, along the mountains of Tuxian and Zhouzhi. Han Kang, a famous medicine doctor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, refused the Emperor Heng's seal and lived in Taibai Mountain to study medicine. Tang dynasty Su Jing in the "Tang Materia Medica" in: Poria and Poria "Yongzhou South Mountain also have". Sun Simiao, a famous medical doctor at the end of the Sui Dynasty, lived in Mount Taibai for more than 10 years, engaged in medical research, collecting, planting and concocting Chinese herbs, studying the medicinal properties, and treating people's illnesses, and authored Thousand Golden Herbal Formulas, which contained more than 800 kinds of medicines and detailed records of more than 200 kinds of medicines, including collection, concocting and treatment, and main therapeutic functions. To commemorate Sun Simiao's achievements in medicine, he was called the King of Medicine and called Mount Taibai "Medicine Mountain".
There are more than 3,000 kinds of medicinal plants in Taibai Mountain. Many medicinal plants have interesting folklore. A herb because it looks like a deer's hoof, with a strong bone marrow, repair bones and thorns, remove wind and dampness and other functions of the "deer's hoof grass" is rumored to be the masterpiece of a golden deer. Legend has it that a long time ago, the Queen Mother in front of a golden deer ran to Taibai Mountain to play, the Queen Mother found immediately after sending soldiers to catch, the golden deer to make all the power, jumping up four hooves, running to the ends of the earth, until the southern tip of Hainan Island was pulled back to the Jade Sleeve. Golden Deer Mercedes Benz, left on Mount Taibai hoofprints into deer hoof grass, and the place where the Golden Deer was caught, is still called the deer back to the head. Zushi hemp plant name yellow Ruixiang, is a deciduous shrub, has the wind to remove dampness, warming the cold, blood pain efficacy, folk have "hit the smooth crawl, can not be separated from the Zushi hemp," the proverb. After thousands of years of clinical practice of herbs in Mount Taibai, teachers passed on orally, in folk medicine has formed a unique medical theory system and the theory of Taibai herbal medicine. The herbalists have compiled the "Taibai Herbal Medicine Fugue", "Taibai Herbal Medicine Soup Song" and "Taibai Herbal Medicine Song", which are the integration of medical theories of Taibai herbs and theories of herbal medicinal compatibility. It not only plays a certain role in folk health care, but more importantly, it provides a basis for us to study new sources of medicines. The "Taiyi Mountain" ointment developed by Prof. Xie Shiyuan is precisely based on the cultural foundation of the herbs of Taibai Mountain, and is made according to a strange formula handed down in the hometown, which is based on a confidential formula of 72 flavors, including Deer's Hoof Grass with the non-polluting Ancestor's Hemp, Blood Depletion, Bone Marrow, etc. in the mountain. 72 flavors of confidential formula for the substrate, plus far-infrared ceramic powder, so that the ancient technology cleverly combined with the Tsinghua biological purification technology, developed a new generation of black ointment. Specialized in: bone spurs, hyperplasia, degenerative knee joints, meniscus wear, synovitis, cervical and lumbar spondylosis.