Rubbish incinerator, is the incineration of domestic garbage equipment, domestic garbage combustion in the furnace chamber, into the exhaust gas into the secondary combustion chamber, in the burner of the mandatory combustion of combustion is complete, and then into the spray dust collector, dust removal, and then discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney. 1, the main system introduction The whole set of treatment system consists of the following parts: combustion system, incineration system, dust collector system, electronic control system.
2. Feeding method
As this incinerator is special, it adopts manual feeding method. Manually put the animal carcasses into the incinerator. For safety reasons, feeding should be carried out when the fire is weak. The feeding port is equipped with an operating platform, which is convenient for feeding material operation and maintenance.
3, combustion system
Combustion system for the main equipment for the gas burner
Combustion system's role is to ignite the furnace and auxiliary materials incineration (when the material calorific value of the lower, can not maintain their own combustion), natural gas fuel and air in the burner burner head mixing combustion and can be adjusted to obtain the best combustion parameters of combustion air and combustion head, the ashes of gas recirculation in the combustion head. The gas is recirculated in the combustion head to minimize the emission of pollutants, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx). It has the functions of fully automatic management of combustion program, flame detection, automatic judgment and indication of faults. The burner is capable of automatic ignition under the control of the programmer. The burner has the functions of automatic ignition, fire extinguishing protection, fault alarm, etc. and the features of large flame intensity, stable combustion, good safety, and large power adjustment. The burner can manually adjust the air flow so as to change the flame size; the built-in regulator ensures the stability of the outlet air pressure; it can also adjust the gas volume size by adjusting the gas supply pressure.
4, incineration system
(1) the body of the furnace
The body of the furnace is made of refractory materials, thermal insulation materials, insulation materials masonry in the grate on the upper part of the cavity, the outer steel plate to prevent leakage of flue gases and to make the surface temperature of the furnace body is less than 50 ° C. The side of the furnace is equipped with an access control valve to ensure stable outlet pressure; also can be adjusted by adjusting the gas pressure to adjust the size of the gas. There is an access door on the side of the furnace body, and the auxiliary ignition burner is also on the side. The furnace body is equipped with an operator's desk.
In the furnace chamber flue gas from the bottom upward flushing materials, materials in the moisture drying, so that materials in time to fire. And the front and rear arch refractory heat storage and radiation materials, thus ensuring the material combustion temperature. Prolong the residence time of the flue gas, so that the material and the organic matter in the fly ash combustion completely, improve the destruction rate of harmful substances.
The furnace body is lined with high-temperature refractory materials, the middle is heat-insulating materials, the outer layer is thermal insulation materials, which can reduce the heat loss of the furnace body and improve the incineration efficiency; the appearance of the steel plate as a protective layer, to prevent air leakage; the refractory materials used are our company and the Building Materials Research Institute*** with the development of an acidic flue gas corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, high-strength refractory materials.
(2) factors affecting the performance of the incinerator
As an incineration system, the most important indicator is the incineration device hazardous materials destruction rate, affecting the rate of destruction of the main factors are as follows: incineration temperature, retention time, perturbation and air excess coefficient.
1 incineration temperature
Incineration temperature refers to the hazardous components of waste oxidation at high temperatures, decomposition, until the destruction of the temperature reached. Generally speaking, improve the incineration temperature is conducive to the destruction of hazardous substances in waste and can inhibit the production of black smoke, but the temperature is too high not only to increase fuel consumption, but also increased the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. Therefore, in order to ensure the destruction rate under the premise of the appropriate temperature is more reasonable.
Harmful microorganisms in the waste at about 70 ~ 100 ℃ most can not survive, dealing with general short-chain organic incineration temperature of 700 ~ 800 ℃, so in this program the furnace temperature can meet the incineration temperature of such waste.
2 retention time
Retention time refers to the hazardous components of the waste in the incineration conditions occurring oxidation, decomposition, and finally complete the harmless material time required, the length of the residence time directly affects the incineration of the destruction rate, but also determines the specific size of the furnace. Many factors affecting the residence time, such as incineration temperature, air excess coefficient and air in the furnace with the degree of mixing of waste and so on. In order to ensure that the waste and combustion products all decomposition, waste in the incinerator at about 600 ℃ stay about 1 hour or so.
3 disturbance
In order to make the waste and combustion products all decomposition, must strengthen the air and waste, air and flue gas full contact mixing, expanding the contact area, so that the harmful substances at high temperatures within a short period of time oxidation decomposition. Incinerator has a unique air supply system, and there is enough wind pressure to strengthen the system and waste and flue gas mixing degree.
4 excess air coefficient
The amount of air required for material combustion is composed of two parts: the theoretical amount of air and the amount of excess air. The sum of the two determines the oxygen concentration in the incineration process, while the amount of excess air determines the oxygen content of the final flue gas. Oxygen concentration in the furnace, materials and flue gas with oxygen mixing degree seriously affects the material combustion rate and burn rate. Excess air volume is too large to improve combustion speed and burn rate, but will increase the amount of auxiliary fuels, air blowing, induced air volume and exhaust gas treatment scale, is not economical. On the contrary, the amount of excess air is too small, the combustion is incomplete, and even produce black smoke, harmful substances decomposition is not complete. General excess air take the theoretical air value of 30 to 50%.
5, exhaust gas treatment system
Dust collector system
This program are used centrifugal dust collector - cyclone dust collector, after incineration of flue gas dust removal. The dust collector system consists of three parts respectively: dust collector cylinder, inverted cone and exhaust duct. The role of the dust collection system is to collect the particles of dust contained in the flue gas produced by the incineration of materials, which is convenient for centralized cleaning, and at the same time, it can reduce the pollution to the atmosphere and play a role in purifying the environment.
The working principle of the dust collection system: the particles of dust contained in the flue gas produced by the incineration of materials in the strong suction effect of the induced draft fan to the cyclone dust collector (commonly known as dust collection barrel). Cyclone dust collector is a device that separates particles of dust from the airflow by using the principle of centrifugal landing. The upper part of the cyclone dust collector is conical, when the dusty gas enters from the tangential direction of the inlet pipe on the upper side of the cylinder, it gets the rotating counteraction, separates the dust and discharges it from the exhaust pipe on the top of the cylinder, and the dust particles fall into the dust collecting cylinder from the bottom of the cone.
6, electronic control system
The power distribution cabinet includes: the main power supply of the whole set of equipment, a single unit of equipment sub-power supply control switch; a full set of equipment and a single unit of equipment, start-stop control and protection circuits, alarms, etc.; operation panel, etc. The centralized control, in which some equipment for the purpose of centralized control. The use of centralized control, some of the equipment for the convenience of operation and observation set in the field control.
The realization of the manual operation of all equipment and control cabinet panel operation, the realization of the entire system monitoring, alarms and other functions to improve the reliability of the system control.
The most important function is to ensure the optimized control of different materials in different combustion processes, thus ensuring the full combustion of materials and eliminating the quality of flue gas. Optimized control of the burner also reduces the amount of oil used by the burner, resulting in a significant reduction in operating costs.
Operating steps
1, inject fuel, turn on the power supply, start the combustion switch, the temperature in the furnace to reach the temperature of spontaneous combustion, will be sick livestock and poultry carcasses and their products into the furnace, turn off the combustion switch, start the spontaneous combustion switch, the diseased meat to maintain spontaneous combustion can not be dissected sick livestock and poultry carcasses as a whole into the incinerator, start the spontaneous combustion switch, the carcasses of spontaneous combustion to completely carbonized until.
2, the whole carcass incineration: can not be cut into the diseased livestock and poultry carcasses as a whole into the incinerator, start the spontaneous combustion switch, the carcass of spontaneous combustion until completely carbonized.
3, meat carcasses divided and incinerated: allow the division of diseased meat into the incinerator after division, start the spontaneous combustion switch, the meat pieces of spontaneous combustion until completely carbonized.
4, viscera incineration: diseased livestock and poultry viscera as a whole into the incinerator, start the combustion switch, so that the viscera in the combustion state burning until completely carbonized.
5, after the incineration of carbide need to choose the location (away from water sources and residential areas) to bury, completely eliminate the spread of germs.
The use of incinerators need to take into account the requirements of environmental protection:
Tail gas emissions need to achieve no black smoke, no odor, no large particles of dust and other relevant environmental standards.