Beginning in 2016, many provinces and cities have issued policies and implementation programs for the classification of domestic waste. The release of the Implementation Plan for the Domestic Waste Classification System called for the first implementation of mandatory classification of domestic waste in 46 cities across the country, with the recycling rate of domestic waste reaching more than 35% by the end of 2020.46 key cities include Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Taiyuan, Hohhot, Shenyang, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Hefei, Tongling, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Nanchang, Yichun, Zhengzhou, Jinan, Tai'an, Qingdao, Wuhan, Yichang, Changsha, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanning, Haikou, Chengdu, Guangyuan, Deyang, Guiyang, Kunming, Lhasa, Shigatse, Xi'an, Xianyang, Lanzhou, Xining, Yinchuan, Urumqi and so on. According to sources from the Ministry of Housing and Construction, the coverage rate of neighborhoods with waste classification in these 46 cities has reached 31%, and the coverage rate of residential neighborhoods with domestic waste classification in cities like Shanghai, Xiamen, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Hangzhou and Guangzhou has exceeded 70%.
Nine departments, including the Ministry of Housing and Construction, jointly issued the Notice on Comprehensively Carrying Out the Work of Classifying Domestic Waste in Cities at Prefecture Level and Above Across the Country. According to the policy, the work of domestic waste classification contains 2 important nodes:
1. By 2020, 46 key cities, including municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capitals, and planned cities, will have basically built a system for classifying and treating domestic garbage. by 2022, at least 1 district of each city at all levels will realize the full coverage of domestic garbage classification.
2. By 2025, cities at the prefecture level and above will have basically built a system for classifying and treating household garbage.
At the local government level, there are also some specific landing plans, of which Shanghai has developed the "Shanghai municipal living garbage whole classification system construction action plan", the action plan focuses more on the whole process, including the classification of placement, classification collection, classification transportation, classification and disposal of the whole classification system construction, is expected to make Shanghai municipal garbage classification benchmark city.
The current situation of domestic waste disposal
According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the harmless rate of urban domestic waste in China reached 97.74% by 2017, with sanitary landfills occupying the bulk of the total. Along with China's urbanization rate continues to rise, sanitary landfills need to take up a lot of valuable land resources, easy to cause secondary pollution shortcomings are also more prominent, waste incineration compared to landfills, in the garbage "reduction, resource utilization, harmlessness" has the advantage of China's large and medium-sized cities in the future of the preferred way of domestic waste disposal.
China is the world's largest country of garbage removal, in 2017 the amount of urban garbage removal as high as 215 million tons, China's first and second tier average price of garbage removal in the 70-80 yuan / ton, China's urban garbage removal market space of about 16.1 billion yuan / year, the amount of garbage removal with the per capita production of garbage and the rate of mechanization of sanitation to improve simultaneously.
In the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the total investment in the construction of harmless treatment facilities for urban household waste is 251.84 billion yuan, mainly focused on new treatment facilities, transfer facilities, kitchen treatment facilities, stock management, classification facilities, regulatory system and other six major items.
Components of national domestic waste
China's domestic waste in the highest proportion of perishable waste, accounting for the total amount of domestic waste than between 40% to 60%. Geographic conditions, living standards of residents, living habits, fuel structure, seasons and other factors will affect the physical composition of domestic waste. On the one hand, with the improvement of economic level, the proportion of packaging waste, fabrics, paper and plastics in domestic garbage will increase significantly; on the other hand, with the national policy of vigorously promoting clean energy and natural gas to replace coal, the content of other garbage, especially ash masonry, will be further reduced.
China is the world's largest country in garbage removal, in 2017, the amount of urban garbage removal up to 215 million tons, China's first and second tier average garbage removal price of 70-80 yuan / ton, China's urban garbage removal market space of about 16.1 billion yuan / year, the amount of garbage removal will also be synchronized with the per capita production of garbage and the rate of sanitation mechanization to improve.
In the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the total investment in the construction of harmless treatment facilities for urban household waste is 251.84 billion yuan, mainly focused on new treatment facilities, transfer facilities, kitchen treatment facilities, stock management, classification facilities, regulatory system and other six major items.
Future, fine disposal is an important direction for the future development of the solid waste industry
Social production, life norms to enhance the level of the trend, but also involves the scope of social governance, and the front-end of the important hand is the garbage classification system. Although the state in the "13th Five-Year Plan" of the construction of harmless treatment facilities for urban household waste also stipulates that the harmless treatment of urban waste will reach 100% by 2020, there is still a big gap between China and developed countries in terms of the degree of refinement of the industry's disposal. Garbage classification is not only a lifestyle change, but will have a profound impact on the redistribution of profits and systematic construction of the solid waste industry chain. Regulation is the key in the early stage of development, which requires the coordination and cooperation of various departments such as development and reform, housing and construction, cityscape, public security, commerce and environmental protection, as well as the mobilization of the initiative of all sectors of the society. At present, China is facing an important strategic opportunity of economic transformation, and promoting the waste classification system is one of the important means to realize high-quality development.