Excessive medical care refers to medical institutions or medical personnel in violation of clinical medical norms and ethical guidelines, can not really improve the value of diagnosis and treatment for the patient, but only futilely increase the cost of medical resources of diagnosis and treatment behavior. Or, in the treatment process, inappropriate, unstandardized and even unethical, detached from the patient's condition and the actual examination, treatment and other medical behavior. Simply put, overmedication is the behavior of diagnosis and treatment that exceeds the actual needs of the disease, including excessive examination and treatment. Excessive medical treatment is not necessary for diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at least not completely necessary for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Excessive medical care is contrary to morality and is prohibited by law and the relevant system.
2 Main types
Overmedication includes over-testing, over-treatment (including medication, surgery, and interventions, etc.), and over-care.
3Difficulty in defining
The definition of overmedication, although clear, is in reality very difficult to define. Because, clinical medicine is very complex, each patient's situation is different, even if the same disease has a different performance, the same disease of different periods of treatment methods are different. Take a cold, do CT that is overmedication, but if you do routine blood tests that is not necessarily, many diseases are similar, doctors need data to confirm the diagnosis, sometimes doctors take a comprehensive means of examination, which tests are necessary for a correct diagnosis, which is redundant, are based on their own experience and level of the doctor, so the judgment of overmedication does not have a specific quantitative index [1]. In addition, in different economic and cultural contexts, people have different perceptions of overmedication.
The protection of life, even more extravagant is not excessive, the value of life is determined by his social attributes. Ignoring the social attributes of life will create the illusion of overmedication, life is equal, the social attributes of life are not equal. Affirming the social attributes of life leads to a true right to life and health.
4 Determination Guidelines
Generally speaking, the basic guideline for the determination of overmedication is: whether the treatment of the patient in general tends to be good or harm. In the treatment, it depends on what the doctor's purpose is, whether the treatment produces a preventive effect, whether it relieves the patient's pain, and whether it prolongs the patient's life. Two additional conditions are: whether the patient can afford it, whether the patient can afford it psychologically, and whether the patient's rights are reflected in the treatment.
5Basic Characteristics
(1) The use of diagnostic and treatment means beyond the fundamental needs of disease diagnosis and treatment, not in line with the laws and characteristics of the disease;
(2) The use of diagnostic and treatment means that are not the "gold standard";
(3) Over-consumption of drugs unrelated to the basic needs of the disease;
(3) Over-consumption of drugs unrelated to the basic needs of the disease;
(4) Costs exceeding the affordability of the individual, society and the level of social development at the time.
6 reasons
1, economic reasons is the main reason, such as: medical too market-oriented development, medicine for doctors, medical staff income and economic benefits linked to drug rebates, billing commission;
2, the complexity of medicine itself and the doctor's diagnosis and treatment level of the reasons;
3, laws and regulations of the system of reasons, such as: the identification of medical errors The law stipulates that doctors in the identification process of the citation inversion system, may lead to excessive examination of the patient's doctor; according to a survey in the United States, in the 300 general practitioners, 98% of them admitted that they have in the process of medical treatment to increase a variety of laboratory tests, hospitals and hospitals outside of the consultation, and more for the patient's medication, such as self-defense or call it "defensive" project. "Defensive" items. The doctor's self-defense medical purpose is very clear, is "to avoid lawsuits".
4, the doctor's moral level of reasons, relatively rare.
5, other reasons, such as: tension between doctors and patients; individual patients' unreasonable demands.