BIM Technology for Design and Construction (I)?

Design and construction of BIM technology (a) The wave of information technology is revolutionizing the entire engineering survey and design industry, from digital modeling to the application of the whole life cycle of the building, BIM technology is moving towards maturity.The source of the BIM is the design, and the precondition for the integration of the design and construction is also the design. As the leader of the construction industry chain, design companies play a leading role in the implementation of BIM technology. As the whole society devotes more attention to energy saving, environmental protection and sustainable development, architectural design enterprises should resist the pressure, expand their vision, actively use BIM, cloud and other information technology, and seek breakthroughs in improving architectural quality, building industrialization, green building, and whole-process service.1. Introduction to BIM 1.1 Concept and Significance of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Information Modeling, hereinafter referred to as BIM) has become one of the most popular terms in the construction and engineering construction industry worldwide. Through google and other search engines in the online search "BIM" or "building information modeling", the return results can be up to millions of more, involving government agencies, the construction industry, scientific research institutions, etc., the community's attention to the degree of its visible. The term BIM was first introduced as a commercial term by a leading international computer software technology provider. In fact, the fact that the theory of building information modeling technology in the sense of BIM before the emergence of Europe and the United States has been developed for more than 30 years. Manufacturing giants Toyota Motor Corporation and Boeing created corporate myths by using information modeling to improve production efficiency and lay a solid foundation for commercial success. Early applications of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology were focused on the manufacturing and aerospace industries, such as industrial design, automotive design, aircraft and spacecraft design, but were not popularized due to environmental constraints at the time. In recent years, the breakthrough advances in 3D engineering-aided drafting software, coupled with the timely emergence of the BIM terminology, have aroused the industry's hope for industrial reform. Regarding the definition of BIM, many organizations have interpreted the concept of BIM, including software companies, construction companies, industry associations, and authoritative encyclopedias. The NBIMS (National Building Information Modeling Standard) led by the Joint Facility Information Committee of the American Institute of Building Research defines BIM as follows: "A Building Information Model is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle from inception onward.". This definition is a more authoritative interpretation of BIM, widely recognized in the industry, to the effect that: building information modeling is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a facility, which can be used as a source of information **** enjoyment from the early stages of the project to provide a project with a full life-cycle information services, this information **** enjoyment can provide a reliable basis for decision-making in the project. The significance of BIM is to improve the vertical and horizontal communication and multi-dimensional synergy and exchange between various management systems and workflows from upstream to downstream of the entire construction industry, realizing the information management of the whole life cycle of the project, which opens up the boundaries of the design and construction.As a new technology tool, BIM is increasingly showing its powerful information ****sharing ability, collaborative work ability, and professional task ability. Compared with the traditional CAD design method, BIM technology has the following advantages: first, the coordination of design, which can effectively deal with the collision problems between the designers of various professions, coordinate the collision problems of various professions in the pre-construction period, and realize the visualization of the collaborative design changes; second, the simulation of the construction process, which can simulate the construction process that would otherwise need to be realized in a real scenario, in the virtual world to realize. Thus, a reasonable construction plan can be determined to guide the construction; Third, the optimization of building performance, in addition to energy-saving simulation, daylight simulation, emergency evacuation simulation for design optimization, 4D, 5D simulation can be carried out to achieve cost control, and through project optimization to combine the design scheme and return on investment analysis to calculate the real-time impact of design changes on investment, thus minimizing the risk of high costs. 2. BIM Industry Overview 2.1 Overseas Overview Australia, Japan, the United States, South Korea, Norway, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United Kingdom, Finland countries have released their own national, industry and enterprise-level standards. The U.S. Federal Services Administration (GSA) has stipulated that BIM technology must be applied in large-scale projects of the federal government since 2007, and has compiled a series of guidelines to strongly promote the popularization and application of BIM technology; the U.S. Institute of Building Research has led the preparation of national BIM standards, and the standards have been updated to the second edition. The British government has organized more than 200 relevant experts to conduct research by topic, compiled a framework for the application of BIM technology, and stipulated that since 2016, all government projects must apply BIM technology in accordance with the above framework. This framework contains (1) the BIM agreement, which is used to specify the model that should be built and the obligations, responsibilities and limitations of each participant with respect to the model; (2) the employer's information requirements, i.e., the owner's needs for BIM information management, including software, hardware, data standards, security standards, etc.; (3) the scope of information management services, which is equivalent to the standard text of the BIM contract; and (4) the guidelines on liability insurance, which are used to clearly define the responsibilities involved in the application of BIM technology; (5) information management specifications for the delivery phase of construction projects based on BIM technology, which puts forward data delivery standards for each phase, etc. 2.2 Domestic Overview BIM technology was first introduced into the engineering and construction industry in 2002, and its entry into China can be traced back to 2004. At that time, the domestic series of books on BIM technology was only emerging. Later, with China's "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" science and technology support program, BIM technology began to be used in some demonstration projects. Since 2006, when the Olympic stadium project tried to use BIM, BIM began to attract the attention of the domestic design industry. Especially since 2009, the application of BIM in design enterprises has been developing rapidly. In the opening year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) issued the "2011 ~ 2015 Construction Industry Informatization Development Outline", which included "accelerating the application of new technologies such as building information modeling (BIM) and network-based collaborative work in projects" in the overall goal, and established the tone of vigorously developing BIM technology. According to the data released by the Ministry of Construction in 2010 engineering quality and safety supervision and industry development department shows that the country *** there are 12,375 survey and design enterprises (of which 1,928 grade A enterprises, 3410 grade B enterprises), in 2010 announced the design of the top 100 enterprises, the application of BIM accounted for 80%, it can be seen that the BIM is in the rapid development in China. Many large-scale design units have also set up BIM centers to carry out BIM technology application and promotion, and even carry out information technology services for the whole life cycle of buildings. For example, Shanghai Modern Architectural Design Group has started to use BIM technology for collaborative design in a large number of key projects such as Shanghai World Expo project, Bund SOHO, Lingkong SOHO and the headquarters of central enterprises in the post-World Expo area, and has implemented the whole process of design, construction and operation and maintenance of technical services in the projects of Shendu and the headquarter building of Fixun, and has set up a special digital technology research and consulting department of the group. Ltd. set up a BIM department in 2008; China Academy of Architectural Design and Research carried out BIM training for its entire staff, and released the BIM Manual for Architecture/Structure/Equipment Specialties in 2010, etc.; and large developer units such as Greenland, Vanke, SOHO, and Wanda have also begun to experiment with the use of BIM technology.