We know that although the speed of dial-up Internet access has increased from 14.4Kbps to 56Kbps in just a few years, due to the quality of telephone lines, 56Kbps should be the limit of general modems. In order to get faster internet access, it is necessary to split the stream path, so in recent years, various broadband access services have emerged one after another.
So, what is broadband? There is actually no strict definition. Generally, the current dial-up Internet access rate is limited to 56Kbps, and access below 56Kbps is called "narrowband", while access above 56 kbps is classified as "broadband".
Some people can't help asking: What about ISDN? Is ISDN broadband? Of course not. However, because it can provide much faster access service than ordinary modem dial-up internet access and has a certain number of users, it is necessary to know about "the earliest broadband-ISDN".
integrated services digital network (ISDN)
Isdn (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a digital telephone connection system. This system allows point-to-point connections around the world to transmit data simultaneously. ISDN is the earliest accepted broadband Internet access mode. In addition to the transmission rate of 128Kbps, ISDN also allows users to make phone calls while surfing the Internet. This provides great attraction for users who like surfing the Internet but have many telephones.
Strictly speaking, ISDN can't be regarded as a popular product to solve the shortage of user access bandwidth, because its fastest transmission rate is only 128Kbps. However, besides surfing the Internet, more ISDN users are interested in using voice and data transmission at the same time. Therefore, point-to-point communication is a very popular type of ISDN, such as the video conference system of cross-county companies, the telemedicine system of hospitals or the distance teaching of schools.
Broadband today
With the rapid development of the world today, the Internet has changed people's lives. The introduction of broadband technology has greatly improved the speed of surfing the Internet, and its irreplaceable role has had a greater and greater impact on our online life-"the speed of light, the capacity of the sea", which is the goal that broadband has been pursuing this year. So far, the total number of netizens in China is close to 30 million. While speeding up the construction of CHINANET backbone network, China Telecom will vigorously develop fiber-optic high-speed broadband metropolitan area network and build a complete and unified broadband network platform from a long-term strategic perspective.
The optical fiber backbone ring of telecom metropolitan area network in major cities has spread all over the main roads and lots of cities. Broadband access nodes are set at the main nodes to facilitate users' access and provide users with real-time video on demand, network TV, videophone, e-commerce, distance education, network karaoke, telemedicine, remote monitoring and other information services.
The construction and transformation of broadband network has approached us, but its corresponding product information and sales channels are not satisfactory. This is how this website came into being. This website mainly introduces broadband technology and market information to everyone. Assist people and enterprises in all walks of life to make better use of broadband technology, get rid of the trouble of slow network speed, swim around the world network, find information faster and better, play online videos, order online videos and play online video games more smoothly.
What is broadband? Although the word "broadband" frequently appears in major media, it is rarely defined accurately. Generally speaking, broadband is relative to traditional dial-up Internet access. Although there is no uniform standard to specify how much bandwidth broadband should reach, according to public habits and network multimedia data flow, the data transmission rate of the network must reach at least 256Kbps to be called broadband. Its biggest advantage is that the bandwidth far exceeds the dial-up Internet access mode of 56Kbps.
Internet applications such as chatting, downloading, online games, online education and obtaining all kinds of latest information have brought us extremely rich experiences. On the other hand, the continuous enrichment of Internet applications makes us realize the importance of having enough network bandwidth and ease of use. The traditional modem dial-up Internet access can no longer meet the needs of various applications in terms of speed and cost. What do we do? In fact, each of our users is faced with a variety of broadband solutions, but how to choose? What's the difference between all kinds of broadband? Even how to enjoy broadband with friends? These are all issues that everyone is very concerned about. To this end, we have specially made this topic to solve this popular demand, from which you can not only learn about the most popular broadband technology, but also learn to choose the most suitable broadband access method for you.
1. What broadband access methods are there around you?
Although a variety of network access methods such as DDN private line and ISDN have appeared in the past few years, they have not been successfully popularized due to various reasons such as cost and speed. At present, we can consider three broadband access methods-ADSL, FTTX+LAN (residential broadband) and CABLE MODEM (wired). These three broadband access modes are quite different in terms of installation conditions, required equipment, data transmission rate and related expenses, which directly determines that different broadband access modes are suitable for different users.
Access mode 1: telecom ADSL
In order to facilitate the public to know ADSL (full name Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line), local telecommunication bureaus often use some nice names when promoting ADSL, such as "Super Line 1" and "Internet through train", which actually refer to the same broadband mode.
Installation conditions:
In terms of installation convenience, telecom ADSL undoubtedly has unique advantages. ADSL can directly use the existing telephone line and transmit digital information through ADSL modem. Therefore, all users who have installed telecom phones have the basic conditions for installing ADSL (as long as the local telecommunications bureau opens ADSL broadband services), and then users can go to the local telecommunications bureau to inquire whether ADSL can be installed at this phone number, and they can apply for installation after getting a positive answer (generally speaking, the telecommunications bureau will judge whether the distance between your phone and the nearest computer room is more than 3km, and if it is, it cannot be installed). When installing, users need to have an ADSL modem (usually provided by telecommunications, and some areas can also buy it themselves) and a computer with a network card.
Transmission rate:
Although the theoretical maximum uplink rate of ADSL can reach 1Mbps and the downlink rate can reach 8Mbps, at present, the actual downlink rate provided by domestic telecommunications for ordinary home users is mostly 5 12Kbps, and few regions provide 1Mbps or even higher downlink rate. It is worth noting that the transmission rate here is exclusive to users, so there is no need to worry that multiple users using ADSL at the same time will slow down the network speed. In addition, telecommunications often focus on ADSL "speed-up". We should understand that the "speed-up" mentioned here usually refers to the downlink rate, while the upload rate remains unchanged.
Advantages:
The work is stable and the failure probability is small. In case of failure, you can contact the telecom in time (such as calling 1000), and usually you can get technical support and troubleshooting quickly.
Telecom will launch monthly packages with different prices to provide users with more choices.
With exclusive bandwidth, users can establish websites, FTP servers or game servers by using public IP.
Insufficient:
ADSL is slow. Taking the bandwidth of 5 12Kbps as an example, the maximum actual download rate is about 87KB/s, and even if the bandwidth is upgraded to 1M, it can only reach more than 100 KB.
The quality of telephone lines is needed. If the telephone line quality is not good, ADSL will be unstable or disconnected.
Access mode 2: residential broadband (FTTX+LAN)
This is a widely used broadband access method in large and medium-sized cities. Network service providers use optical fiber to access buildings (FTTB) or residential areas (FTTZ), and then access users' homes through network cables, providing * * * bandwidth for the whole building or residential areas (usually 10Mb/s). At present, many domestic companies provide such broadband access methods, such as Netcom, Great Wall Broadband, China Unicom and Telecom.
Installation conditions:
This kind of broadband access is generally installed in a community, and network service providers do not accept personal services. Users can ask about the residential property management or directly ask whether the local network service provider has opened this residential broadband. This access method requires the least user equipment, and only needs a computer with 10/ 100Mbps adaptive network card.
Transmission rate:
At present, the vast majority of residential broadband enjoys the bandwidth of 10 Mbps * *, which means that if there are more users surfing the Internet at the same time, the network speed will be slow. Even so, in most cases, the average download speed is still much higher than that of telecom ADSL, reaching several hundred KB/s, which has great advantages in speed.
Advantages:
The initial installation fee is low (generally between100 and 300 yuan, and different regions are different), and the download speed is very fast, generally reaching several hundred KB/s, which is very suitable for users who need to download files frequently, and there is no limit to the slow upload speed.
Insufficient:
Because this kind of broadband access is mainly aimed at residential areas, individual users can't apply for it themselves, and it is inconvenient to apply to network service providers for installation only after reaching a certain number of residential users. However, once the community opens in residential broadband, the waiting time from application to installation is very short. In addition, which company's broadband service is used in each cell is decided by the network operator, and users cannot choose.
Residential broadband mostly uses internal IP addresses, which is inconvenient for applications that need to use public IP (such as setting up websites, FTP servers and playing online games). ).
Due to the enjoyment of bandwidth, once there are a large number of people surfing the internet in the community, the network speed will become very slow at the peak of surfing the internet, even worse than ADSL.
Access mode 3: wired.
In some places, it is also called "radio and television communication", which is completely different from the first two ways. It directly uses the existing cable TV network, and with a little modification, it can use a closed-circuit cable to transmit data without affecting the original cable TV signal transmission, and its theoretical transmission rate can reach 10Mbps, and the downlink is 40Mbps.
Installation conditions:
At present, there are not many cities with wired communication in China, mainly in big cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. Before installation, users can ask local cable network companies whether they can open cable services. The equipment needs a cable modem and a computer with 10/ 100Mbps adaptive network card.
Transmission rate:
Although the transmission rate is high in theory, a community or a building usually has only 10Mbps bandwidth, which also belongs to * * * bandwidth. The download rate can reach 200 ~ 300 KB/s with a small number of Internet users.
Advantages:
The biggest advantage is that you don't need to dial, so you can turn on the always online.
Insufficient:
At present, there are not many areas where wired communication is opened, and the popularity is not enough. Due to the enjoyment of bandwidth, the speed will decrease after the number of Internet users increases. Installation costs are high, such as 580 yuan.
Second, which one should I choose?
These three mainstream broadband access methods have their own characteristics, so how should users choose?
Users should first consider what is the biggest demand for installing broadband? Generally speaking, it can be divided into the following categories: first, it needs to download a large number of multimedia materials and data files; Second, playing online games for a long time; Third, if there is no special preference, you can try ordinary network applications; Fourth, you need to set up a website, FTP server or game server.
After determining the application type, users need to consider what broadband is available in their living environment. Generally speaking, as long as the user has a telephone at home, ADSL can basically be opened (provided that the local telecom has provided this service), while residential broadband and cable TV can be inquired in advance depending on the specific area.
The first type of users are very concerned about the download speed of the network, and they should first consider residential broadband or wired connection. The download speed of ADSL is absolutely a terrible nightmare for them. The second type of users value the stability of broadband service, followed by download speed (ADSL speed of 5 12Kbps can fully meet the bandwidth demand of online games). In this respect, telecom ADSL has a unique advantage, because many online game servers are provided by telecom, which can ensure stability. The third type of users can comprehensively consider the price and installation convenience according to the local actual situation. First consider installing residential broadband or wired connection. If all else fails, you can only install ADSL. The fourth type of users need a stable public IP address, and they need to know the actual situation of various local broadband services before installation. Generally speaking, telecom ADSL uses public IP, and PPPoE dial-up mode uses dynamic IP. At this time, you can consider choosing a static IP address to access the service or borrowing software to bind the IP address. Residential broadband and wired communication mostly use intranet IP, which is not suitable for this kind of users (except residential broadband in some areas, users need to learn more from local network service providers).
Third, feel the broadband service of big cities in China.
Shanghai (Text/Dark Cloud)
ADSL, residential broadband and Cable Connect have all been put into use in Shanghai on a large scale, and the service providers involved include Shanghai Telecom, Great Wall Broadband, Cable Connect and Netcom.
1. Telecom ADSL
Except Chongming Island, all areas in the city, including suburban counties, can apply for installing ADSL. The latest installation fee is adjusted to 630 yuan, and the bandwidth can be selected from 5 12Kbps to 2Mbps. If the use time is limited, you can also choose a limited monthly subscription.
The recent preferential measures have benefited consumers a lot, not only the initial installation fee has been greatly reduced, but also the limited monthly subscription system is more attractive to users who use traditional modems to surf the Internet. In addition, 1300 yuan prepaid ADSL can be used for one year, which is also very eye-catching. If users decide to use ADSL for a long time, they may wish to consider it. It is worth mentioning that Tianyi Tong (Wi-Fi wireless Internet access) provided by Shanghai Telecom has also provided preferential measures in the near future. If the users installed together with ADSL are exempt from the initial installation fee, they only need to pay the rental fee in 20 yuan every month.
2. Wire rope
Cable Connect recently significantly adjusted the initial installation fee. In the past, the initial installation fee plus three months' rental fee ***940 yuan, now it has been reduced to 780 yuan. If you pay 10 monthly usage fee 1200 yuan in one lump sum, you can use 1 year. Cable monthly fee 120 yuan, bandwidth 1Mbps. If you pay 1200 yuan in advance, you can surf the Internet indefinitely for one month.
Although Wireline nominally has an unlimited monthly subscription of 1Mbps, the number of users in the community must be considered. Although it is claimed that each user has a bandwidth of 1Mbps, the total bandwidth is still * * *, which means that if there are too many users in an area, each user still cannot enjoy the bandwidth of 1Mbps. At present, many communities have already faced this bottleneck.
3. Residential broadband
Compared with ADSL and CATV, Netcom and Great Wall Broadband have long taken preferential measures to attract consumers. Both of them adopt FTTB+ LAN access mode. The installation fee of the former is 280 yuan, which provides various ways including unlimited monthly subscription and limited monthly subscription, while the broadband access fee of the Great Wall is even 180 yuan, but there is only an unlimited monthly subscription system, and the monthly rental fee is 60 or 100 yuan (depending on the region).
What is particularly noteworthy to users is that at present, the network export of Shanghai Netcom seems to be not smooth, and many netizens say that the speed is too slow, and Great Wall Broadband is considered as the fastest broadband access method at present. In addition, Shanghai Telecom has provided residential broadband services in some areas. The charging measures of this access method are similar to ADSL, and it also provides the same monthly service and charging standard, but the initial installation fee is reduced to 500 yuan, and there is also a corresponding preferential period.
Beijing (Text/Totti and Buddy)
Beijing's broadband access business developed earlier, with China Telecom occupying a larger market share and other enterprises occupying the rest of the market. At present, the broadband service providers in Beijing mainly include Beijing Communication Company, Great Wall Broadband and Founder Broadband Network of Peking University. In terms of access mode, Beijing Communication Company provides ADSL exclusively, and the rest provide residential Ethernet access.
1.ADSL access
ADSL is well-known in Beijing. In order to popularize it, Telecom also gave it a nice name-"Super Single-wire Communication".
Access fee: the original ordinary telephone is equipped with ADSL line or the newly installed telephone is equipped with ADSL at the same time. Collect one-time access fee and material fee, and give 300 yuan as ADSL modem. When ISDN lines are converted into ADSL, installation fees are also charged.
Usage fee: At present, Beijing does not provide ADSL unlimited monthly service, but adopts hourly billing method, and the excess part needs to be calculated according to the normal timing method.
Generally speaking, the ADSL service in Beijing is monotonous, the bandwidth only reaches the "quasi-broadband" standard, and the use cost is high, the mode is not flexible, and it is unhealthy not to provide unlimited monthly service.
2. Community Ethernet access
At present, residential Ethernet broadband access services in Beijing are mainly provided by the following companies:
● Beijing Communications Corporation
Access fee: users in residential areas charge access fee at one time, but 300 yuan and a few high-end residential areas do not charge this fee.
Usage fee: limited monthly subscription and unlimited monthly subscription.
Access bandwidth: 10Mbps*** Enjoy the bandwidth.
● Great Wall Broadband
Access fee: installation and debugging fee 100 yuan.
Usage fee: including punctuality, small monthly subscription and monthly subscription.
Timing: within 50 hours (inclusive) of surfing the Internet in the current month, 3 yuan/hour will be charged. Surfing the Internet for more than 50 hours in that month, exceeding part of 2 yuan/hour.
Monthly subscription: Monthly subscription to 50 yuan, limited to 20 hours. Monthly subscription to 80 yuan is limited to 40 hours. Monthly 100 yuan, with a time limit of 60 hours. Pay the same monthly fee in February.
Monthly subscription: every month 150 yuan, and the payment time is divided into quarterly payment, semi-annual payment, annual payment, two-year payment and three-year payment. There are corresponding policies for the choice of half a year or more.
Access bandwidth: 10Mbps***
In addition, Great Wall Broadband has done a good job in value-added services, and there is also a special broadband service platform-"Great Wall Monternet", which has a variety of broadband value-added services to choose from.
3. Founder Broadband Network Company of Peking University (commonly known as Founder Broadband):
Access fee: one-time access fee 600 yuan.
Usage fee: monthly 150 yuan.
Access bandwidth: 10Mbps*** Enjoy the bandwidth.
After comparison, it is found that the Great Wall broadband access fee is low, the fee is flexible and the access service is rich. However, the residential broadband cost of Beijing Communications Corporation is not dominant, but its popularity is better. In contrast, the popularity of Founder Broadband lags far behind the first two. The penetration rate of cable modems in Beijing is extremely low, and few users use them. Generally speaking, the broadband tariff and actual usage in Beijing are not ideal, and the lack of competition and monopoly is more serious.
Guangzhou (Text/Flying Snow)
Guangzhou broadband network is developing rapidly, and ADSL, Cable Connect and residential broadband are popularized.
1. Telecom ADSL
ADSL has become the first choice for broadband network access in Guangzhou because of its convenient installation and stable speed. In addition, Telecom often holds some preferential activities to further attract new users.
The installation of ADSL is very simple, and the download peak can reach about 250 KB/s. In addition, Telecom has opened the Tianyitong service on the basis of ADSL to provide wireless network access services, and introduced many preferential policies, such as installing ADSL and Tianyitong at the same time, enjoying the unlimited monthly subscription of 150 yuan and giving away ADSL modems for free.
2. Residential broadband
At present, more and more communities in Guangzhou have adopted the Great Wall broadband network access. Great Wall Broadband provides monthly subscription, unlimited time and prepayment. The corresponding expenses are shown in the above table.
Great Wall Broadband provides 10 Mbps * * bandwidth. If the number of Internet users in the community is small and the speed is fast (the download rate can reach several hundred KB), but the user's community must have Great Wall broadband wiring, otherwise the service cannot be opened at will.
3. Wireline
Guangzhou cable communication has a relatively high penetration rate, and the tariff is relatively cheap, including two charging methods: Class A (all-monthly subscription system): unlimited traffic, unlimited use time, 100 yuan/month. First-time users charge 200 yuan installation fee, and 600 yuan information fee needs to be paid in advance in the first phase. In other words, you must pay a one-time tariff for 6 months before you can use it; Class B: (monthly duration system): surfing the Internet for 30 hours a month, 50 yuan/month. For the part that accumulates more than 30 hours per month, the increase fee will be calculated according to the hourly 1.5 yuan, and the total monthly fee will be capped at 150 yuan. For the first time, users must pay 200 yuan installation fee, and the first phase must pay 600 yuan information fee, that is, the cost of sexual intercourse for 4 months at a time.
Due to the wide popularity of cable communication in Guangzhou, cable modems are usually installed. But like Great Wall Broadband, it also uses * * * to share bandwidth, so the network speed will drop during peak hours. The overall speed is slightly slower than Great Wall Broadband and slightly faster than ADSL.
Chongqing (Text/Comfortable)
1. Asymmetric digital subscriber line
ADSL is a broadband access mode with high penetration rate in Chongqing at present. In addition to Chongqing Telecom ADSL, Chongqing Unicom also launched ADSL broadband service, but it is only suitable for users who have installed Unicom fixed telephones, and its popularity is lower than that of telecom ADSL.
● Telecom ADSL
From May 15 to July 3 1 day, 2003, Chongqing Telecom launched the "Fast Broadband Tour" promotion. The user's fee for installing ADSL is 388 yuan (one-time payment of MODEM fee 138 yuan and account opening fee of 250 yuan), and different levels of service can be selected for the monthly fee. At present, Chongqing Telecom provides two access rates of 565,438+02 kbps and 65,438+0 Mbps for users to choose from, and provides three different tariff standards for residents, which is very flexible and can meet the needs of different users.
In addition, if users pay a one-time usage fee of 10 month (account opening fee of 250 yuan), they can get a broadband access service worth about 500 yuan for one year and the corresponding tariff level.
● Unicom ADSL
Compared with telecom ADSL, Unicom ADSL is smaller in scale and number of users, but it is very convenient for users who use Unicom fixed telephones. The initial installation fee of Chongqing Unicom ADSL is 250 yuan, and the ADSL modem needs to be purchased by itself. Unicom provides monthly service with bandwidth of 5 12 kbps for residents, and the monthly fee is 100 yuan. If you use a fixed IP address to access the service, the monthly fee is 2000 ~ 2500 yuan.
2. Residential broadband
At present, residential broadband in Chongqing has become another broadband access mode, and its penetration rate is second only to ADSL. The service providers in residential broadband mainly include Netcom, China Unicom, Telecom FTTB+ LAN, Changkuan, but usually only one service provider can be selected in a community, and users in the community cannot choose independently. At present, Chongqing Netcom has a large market share, and many communities are served by Netcom wiring.
● Chongqing Netcom
Netcom's billing method is more flexible. In addition to the common monthly subscription system, you can also choose package service according to actual needs.
● Chongqing Unicom
The installation fee is 250 yuan, and the monthly fee is 100 yuan, 10 Mbps * * Enjoy the bandwidth.
●FTTB Telecom+LAN
The installation fee is 350 yuan, and the monthly fee is 100 yuan, 10 Mbps * * Enjoy the bandwidth.
● Great Wall Broadband
Changkuan only provides monthly service, and the initial installation fee is 260 yuan. Monthly fee 100 yuan/month, 10 Mbps * * Enjoy the bandwidth. Users pay 500 yuan's network usage fee for 5 months in one lump sum, and can surf the Internet for free 1 month; Pay 10 month's network usage fee 1000 yuan in one lump sum, and then surf the Internet for 2 months for free.
(Note: As the price of broadband service will change from place to place, the tariffs mentioned in this article are for reference only, subject to the actual local fees. )
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