I. Swimming pool classification: standard pool, standard short pool, water balloon, pattern pool, diving pool, leisure pool (non-standard pool), doll pool.
Second, the length, width, depth, marking line standards for all types of swimming pools, as well as standards for ancillary facilities
Third, the pool commonly used ancillary room design requirements and common misunderstandings
Fourth, the pool's safety issues in the design of the consideration of the program
Fifth, the design of the swimming pool design of the two temperature difference, condensation, dripping, noise elimination of the design program
Sixth, Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the swimming pool door frame structure, steel mesh structure, prestressed structure
VII, swimming pool health standards, the theoretical basis for calculating the positioning of water treatment equipment, calculation methods and equipment selection
VII, 1, the Chinese people's **** and the national standard GB 9667-1996 Swimming Pool Hygiene Standards
(Replaces GB 9667-78) State Bureau of Technical Supervision 1996-01-29 approved 1996-09-01 implementation)
VII, 1, 1 subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the indoor and outdoor swimming places, such as water quality and air quality of swimming pools and other standard values and their health requirements.
This standard applies to all artificial and natural swimming places.
VII, 1, 2 references to the standard
GB 3097 standard for seawater quality
TJ 36 industrial enterprise design and health standards
VII, 1, 3 standard values and health requirements
VII, 1, 4 artificial swimming it pool water quality and sanitation standards
Items standard values Items standard value
Pool water temperature. 0C 22-26 Free residual chlorine, mg/L 0.3-0.5
pH value 6.5-8.5 Total bacterial count, pcs/mL ≤1000
Turbidity, degree ≤5 Coliforms, pcs/L ≤18
Urea, mg/L ≤3.5 Toxic substances According to the implementation of Table 3 of TJ 36
VII.1.5 natural swimming pool water quality Health standard value
Item standard value Item standard value
H value 6.0-9.0 Floating matter No oil film and no floating matter
Transparency, cm ≥30 Toxic substance Executed according to Table 3 of TJ 36 or according to GB 3079
VII, 1, 6 Swimming Pool Air Health Standard
Item standard value Item standard value
Item standard value
Winter Room Temperature, mg/L ≤3.5 p>
Winter room temperature, 0C 1-2 above the water temperature air bacteria
Relative humidity, % ≤80 a, impact method, cfu/m2 ≤4000
Wind speed, m ≤0.5 b, sedimentation method, a / dish ≤40
Carbon dioxide, % ≤0.15
VII, 1, 7 Recurrent hygiene requirements
VII. 1,7,1 The passageway and sanitary facilities of the swimming place shall be kept clean and odorless and shall be disinfected regularly.
VII, 1, 7, 2 to prevent the growth of algae in artificial swimming pools, the pool water to add 0.25-0.5mg / L copper sulfate. The maximum dosage when algae is found should not exceed 1.0 mg/L.
VII,1,7,3 The residual chlorine content of the water in the foot-immersion disinfection pool should be maintained at 5-10 mg/L, and must be replaced once every 4h. Children's wading pool continuous supply of new water residual chlorine concentration should be maintained at 0.3-0.5mg / L.
seven, 1,7,3 artificial swimming pools should be replenished daily during the opening hours of the new water to ensure that the water quality of the pool water has a good state of health.
VII, 1, 7, 4 is strictly prohibited suffering from hepatitis, heart disease, skin ringworm rash (including athlete's foot), severe trachoma, acute conjunctivitis, otitis media, intestinal infectious diseases, mental illness, and other patients and alcoholics into the artificial swimming pool.
VII, 1, 7, 5 prohibit the rental of swimming suits and pants.
VII, 1, 8 design health requirements
VII, 1, 8, 1 new swimming pools must be combined with the city's visionary planning, site selection in the area away from industrial pollution sources. At the same time should also avoid the swimming pool on the surrounding interference.
VII, 1, 8, 2 new construction, alteration and expansion of swimming pools must have circulating water purification and disinfection equipment, the use of chlorination disinfection elbow should be protective measures.
VII, 1, 8, 3 swimming pool wall and pool bottom should be smooth and seepage, light color. Pool outside the walkway is not slippery easy to flush, the outer edge of the walkway with a drain, sewage into the sewer.
Seven, 1, 8, 4 indoor swimming pool lighting coefficient is not less than 1/4, the water surface illumination is not less than 80Lx.
Seven, 1, 8, 5 swimming places should be divided into male and female changing rooms, shower rooms, toilets and so on. Shower room every 30-40 people set up a shower head. Women's restroom every 40 people set up a toilet, men's restroom every 60 people set up a large toilet and two urinals. Its sewage is discharged into the sewer.
Seven, 1, 8, 6 to the swimming pool aisle should be set up to force through the disinfection of foot dip pool (pool length of not less than 2m, the width should be the same as the aisle, depth of 20cm).
Seven, 1,8,7 artificial swimming it pool set up children wading pool should not be connected with the adult swimming pool, and should have a continuous water supply system.
VII, 1, 8, 8 open secluded natural swimming pool, its water quality should comply with the provisions of this standard VII, 1, 4, and set up health protection zone.
VII, 1, 8, 9 natural swimming pool should not be underwater branches, stumps, reefs and other obstacles and sources of pollution. Water velocity is not less than 0.5m / s.
VII, 1, 8, 10 is strictly prohibited in the days of schistosomiasis or latent nails snail area design and open up secluded swimming places.
VII, 1, 9 monitoring and testing methods
The monitoring method of this standard in accordance with the "public **** place health standard monitoring and testing methods".
VII, 2 theoretical basis for calculating the positioning of water treatment equipment
VII, 2, 1 according to the physical "impulse response". The principle of "skewed distribution" in fluid mechanics.
VII, 2, 2 dilution and water exchange are two different concepts.
VII, 2, 3 examples of common misconceptions: A, imported equipment in the filtration cycle and filtration rate. B, imitation into a few equipment without regard to the actual use of the function of the domestic equipment, resulting in bad results.
VII, 2, 4 selection of water treatment equipment according to the functional needs of swimming pools, the use of the upper limit and the lower limit of the problem.
A, Mr. Wei Dunshan, academician of the Academy of Engineering design Shanghai swimming pool program. Filtration cycle of 3.25 hours, the filtration rate of seven.
B, Pudong swimming pool using gravity filter results.
C, Shanghai Jing'an Swimming Center, the advantages and disadvantages of using a full set of automatically controlled filtration equipment.
VII, 2, 5 reasonable configuration of water treatment equipment should be selected according to the swimming pool use function orientation.
A, family swimming pool: only three, five people swim every day, you can choose to import high-speed sand filter tanks, the advantage of saving floor space.
B, strict compliance with national regulations on the number of daily reception of swimmers, every 2.5m2 a person during the day, 2m2 a person at night pool, the filtering cycle to choose four hours, then, the filter speed should be selected less than 30.
C, if it is a public **** swimming pools, then in addition to filtering cycle selected in the ≤ 4 hours, be sure to select the filtering speed of ≤ 15 filtration equipment. For example, Tongji University to undertake, in fact, by the southeast purification equipment factory production of Songjiang swimming pool (Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Award), Shanghai Shenhua soccer team training base swimming pool. All adopted this choice. With patented vulcanized rubber lining anti-corrosion, twenty years without rust, internal hundred feet tube all use stainless steel material using flange connection to ensure that the water angle at 45 degrees. Multi-layer graded ratio of sand, in order to ensure the hardness of all the use of southern sand.
Seven, 2, 6 to solve the problem of swimming pool water turbidity, mainly depends on the filtration cycle and filtration speed.
For example: standard short pool, the general volume of water in about 800 tons. Calculation method is as follows:
Total water ÷ filtration cycle ÷ filtration speed = the required effective filtration cross-sectional area. Vertical tank area: r2 × 3.14
800 ÷ 4 hours ÷ 15 = 13.33m2
Effective filtration cross-sectional area of the 2.4m diameter filter tank: 1.2 × 1.2 × 3.14 = 4.52m2
13.33m2 ÷ 4.52m2 = 2.94 only filter tank.
Conclusion: the pool should use three vertical filter tanks with a diameter of 2.4m, you can ensure that the turbidity of the water will not exceed the standard. Then even with a daily (field) flow of 160 people, the turbidity will generally not exceed 2 degrees. (25 × 16 ÷ 2.5 = 160). Fewer people can open only one or two filter tanks, hourly replacement of 160 swimmers, three open.
Seven, 2, 7 other auxiliary equipment. A , hair filter. B, reasonable water distribution port. C, back to the mouth of the water set position. D, piping and pipe diameter. E, pumps (low head, high flow rate) F, coagulant, disinfectant, pH adjusting agent dosage equipment. G, valves.
Seven, 2, 8 FINA recommended reverse water distribution. Generally used in international competitions, national competitions in the pool. The key to using this type of water distribution is the calculation of the distance between the head of the water distribution.
VIII, various types of disinfectants and charging facilities design and production
VIII, 1 liquid chlorine: chlorine content of almost 100% of the highly toxic gases to be used in specialized cylinders storage, to have a special chlorination equipment, due to the corrosion of these equipment is very easy to corrode, so there is often a leakage of accidents. Advantages: inexpensive. Disadvantages: equipment easy to corrode, resulting in leaks, causing death. Therefore, in the current use of swimming pools are gradually eliminated.
Eight, 2 bleach: Pros: cheap. Disadvantages: easy to fail, slag, causing serious secondary pollution.
VIII, 3 bleaching powder: is a mixture of calcium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride. The quality of the products produced by various manufacturers varies greatly. Tianyuan chemical plant produced by the yellow barrel of 65% chlorine content, compactness, heap ratio are in line with the export requirements of the most desirable products. Jinan Chemical Factory has also introduced an assembly line for the production of bleaching powder, which can also produce bleaching powder with 65% chlorine content. However, from the first trial production of products are in line with export requirements, and then the production of products are due to the compactness of the heap ratio degree is not pass and never produced export products.
Currently on the market is common in the alkali method of production of products, the price is slightly lower. Sodium production of products, the price of about 12,000, the highest content of effective chlorine up to about 70%.
But bleach disinfectant monthly natural loss of a percentage of chlorine, it is strong moisture absorption, susceptible to moisture and light and heat and decomposition. Therefore, the packaging requirements are stringent, the requirements of the original plastic bag inside and outside the risk of sealing the iron drum packaging to avoid it and the carbon dioxide in the air to react. For the above reasons, it is best to buy the products with short factory time and quality assurance. Its aqueous solution is alkaline, oxidizing sterilization, bleaching effect. However, because it is also a product that eats chlorine with lime as a base, it also has sediment and still has the trouble of secondary pollution. Because of its molecular structure is a straight chain structure, dissolved in water, the chlorine content volatilized very quickly, so disinfection of water in the foot pool, the Ministry of Health requires 4 hours must be replaced once. And because of the chlorine in the volatile, resulting in swimming pool in the air irritation of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal mucous membranes, swimming instructors long-term exposure to this environment is prone to induce heart disease.
So most of the foreign countries are now used in the large-scale floods after the epidemic disinfection. The disinfectant is dissolved in water, about four hours to greatly reduce the disinfection effect. At present, it is a commonly used disinfectant for swimming pools in China. Mainly used in micro-polycondensation process (using imported filtration equipment for swimming pools, do not use bleach.)
VIII, 4 sodium hypochlorite: effective chlorine content ≥ 10%. It is a by-product of chlor-alkali manufacturers. There are aqueous, solid, or generator. Extremely volatile. In fact, it is alkaline water plus liquid chlorine. pH value is very high, must be neutralized with strong acid. The static center is to use a set of particularly good automatic control PH value adjustment equipment to control the pH of the water. But still can not solve its chlorine gas in large quantities in the space of the perplexed with the threat of corrosion of steel structure. Use this disinfectant is best produced today today. Especially the water agent, put a day to reduce the effective disinfection ingredients by half. To the sodium hypochlorite generator, according to the use of swimming pools, life is very short (which is not unrelated to the user does not have professional maintenance knowledge).
VIII, 5 dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium: its chlorine content of 70%. It is a salt. It is the quality of the difference with the bleaching powder essence is that its substrate is not lime. Therefore, there is no worry about secondary pollution.
VIII, 6 trichloroisocyanuric acid: chlorine content of up to 90%, than sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite (bleach) disinfection capacity of 80-100 times higher. Originally U.S. military supplies (U.S. Olin products), after the Vietnam War, transferred to civilian use (the U.S. Army is currently using the dimethyl bis-alkyl hydantoin series of disinfectants). It is a broad-spectrum disinfectant. In the appropriate concentration and time, it can even kill black germs and viruses. It is a widely used disinfectant for swimming pools in Europe, America and Australia. From the theory and laboratory data, thousands of tons of water as long as the input of one kilogram of disinfectant that can achieve the chlorine content of 0.9 ppm, but in the actual thousands of swimming pool sample test data show that, due to a variety of reasons for the impact of every thousands of tons of water need to put three kilograms of disinfectant every day to ensure that swimming pools twenty-four hours to maintain the effective residual chlorine in the 24 hours at 0.5 ppm or more. And because of its six-ring chain structure in the air will not be diffuse emitted chlorine, indoor pool equipment corrosion is minimized. In the use of price costing, to make the swimming pool water twenty-four hours to maintain the amount of residual chlorine specified by the national standard, basically equivalent to the cost of using bleach.
Any good thing, in addition to a promotion process, so that the community recognized. There is also the problem of avoiding counterfeit products. Trichloroisocyanuric acid products, powder has a chlorine content of 80% (qualified products), 85% (first-class products), 90% (export-grade products). Currently on the market all trichloroisocyanuric acid powder are labeled with 90% of the trademark, but the actual use of the difference is very obvious. Swimming pools can only feel the increase in the dosage from the actual use, generally do not use starch titration to test the amount of chlorine content. Regardless of how many manufacturers are now producing this product, pool purchase, as long as the certification for the U.S. Olin company's manufacturers, exported without return of goods manufacturers, then this product is authentic. For example, the Department of Health of Guangxi belongs to the trade name quot;Hundred elimination net" of trichloroisocyanuric acid. (The factory also produces chlorine dioxide, Hain series products). Like swimming pool tiles to use Guangdong Foshan swimming pool special tiles the same reason.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) its chlorine-eating substrate is CA, completely dissolved in water. There is no secondary pollution. But its PH value is low. Long-term use will make the swimming pool water PH value drop. In order to avoid this situation, generally when putting one kilogram of TCA, one kilogram of alkali powder should be put in at the same time. The price of alkali powder is about one-tenth of TICU, so some people mix alkali powder with TICU powder and sell it to swimming pools at the price of TICU. We must recognize this kind of bad tactics and choose carefully. Suggested that the provinces and cities are best led by a large swimming pool, collectively to the "hundred elimination net" contact. In order to avoid swimming pools to purchase inferior products.
In order to master the dosage. Trichloroisocyanuric acid can also be made into instant and slow-choice tablets. Imported from Japan trichloroisocyanuric acid tablets, the secret of the high price is: the United States Olin company to Guangxi purchased powder, sold to Japan, Japan, processed into tablets, and then sold to China. To this end, Guangxi "hundred elimination net" invited the former World Health Organization expert Professor Wu Neng, developed their own tablets with the same performance as Japan. The price is only one-third of the Japanese tablets.
The problem of algae removal. As mentioned above, we do not advocate the use of copper sulfate, but at that time there was really no good way to get rid of algae, brush, increase the amount of bleaching agent dosage only in four hours. Now with trichloroisocyanuric acid can make the residual chlorine to do 1.0PPM --- 2.5PPM to maintain twenty-four hours, 1.0PPM can inhibit the growth of algae. 2.5PPM can kill algae in the swimming pool, and the mucous membranes of the human (eyes, nose, mouth) without major irritation.
Eight, 7 chlorine dioxide: can eliminate mercaptans, cyanide, phenolics, decolorization, reduce COD, BOD. remove iron, manganese, trihalomethanes, in addition to odor, microbial fouling, disinfecting, spore killing, killing viruses, alga. There are water agent, crystal, chlorine dioxide generator. Water treated with chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant is virtually free of carcinogenic trihalomethanes. The water is in the form of silk fabric. But the water agent is extremely unstable. The crystals cost $800,000 a ton to buy. Definitely not affordable for the average swimming pool. With chlorine dioxide generator, we have to use chlorite to make, the price of 14,000 yuan per ton, and non-professionals to maintain this set of equipment, often one to two years to be scrapped. The most terrible thing is that the process is slightly improper, it will cause an explosion. Currently there are about 180 manufacturers in China to produce chlorine dioxide, almost none of the manufacturers have not waterfall explosion. Of course, it will also generate ClO and other substances. Moreover, the current means of picking up the measurement of its content in water is being groped, some people say there is only a peak. The recent national symposium, some people also found two measurable peaks, that is, with another expert said that the two peaks is an illusion, Molière a yes. Eight, 8 ozone is a non-chlorine disinfectant, foreign countries are now being promoted to the field of swimming pool water treatment. It is based on the principle of high-voltage discharge, with the dry purified air into the ozone generator unit, through the high-voltage discharge gap, the air in the middle part of the oxygen molecule excitation decomposition into oxygen atoms, oxygen atoms and oxygen atoms (or oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules), combined with the generation of ozone. Ozone has a strong oxidizing ability. Stronger than chlorine and other oxidizing agents, and there is no permanent residue.
Because of the theoretical superiority, disinfection of a wide range of domestic and foreign manufacturers on the production of ozone generators, there are many, many manufacturers. Like China's current Guangzhou Tianhe Swimming Pool, Beijing Yingdong Swimming Pool is the installation of ozone generators as a water quality disinfection of the typical swimming pool. But may be theoretical data, and practical data is not the same thing, so did not achieve the intended purpose. At present, the two swimming pools are still in the chlorine disinfection, then the investment in ozone generators is not a waste of money? In fact, it can not be considered a waste of money, because according to the total tonnage of their water, the amount of chlorine is obviously less than the same amount of swimming pool chlorine dosage to be added to the system. Of course, if the precise calculation. Put the records of the past years to study the study, it is possible to use ozone generators alone can solve the problem of swimming pool water disinfection with ozone. I am in the experiment, I estimate that as long as the basis of their equipment and then improved, is completely its possibilities.
Eight, 9 microelectrolysis disinfection: In the past, the use of boiler equipment, common calcium and magnesium ions produced by the scaling, serious not only to make a large loss of heat, but also cause the danger of boiler explosion. Many scholars and experts have designed a number of programs to solve this problem. For example, the use of sodium ion exchanger to replace calcium and magnesium ions. China's former vice president of Tongji University, doctoral supervisor Professor Gao Tingyao microelectrolysis to loosen the calcium and magnesium ions in the scaling, microelectrolysis was found to play a bactericidal effect. Currently in the swimming pool large sample test stage. Therefore, as long as the increase in power, the test is more likely to succeed. Eight, 10 ultraviolet disinfection: ultraviolet light can be sterilized, has been people **** knowledge, but so far, Chinese and foreign swimming pool water disinfection, there is no one is the use of this device to achieve the purpose of disinfection of pool water. The first is the total amount of swimming pool water. Theoretically can be done with this equipment, but the cost and operating costs are too high. The second press-fit ultraviolet lamps must be placed in the glass housing, the surface of its shell will have bonding material, constantly reducing the sterilization effect of ultraviolet light. In the cost of electricity and ultraviolet lamps are not cheap enough to be omitted from the clock, it is difficult to envision that can be put into the field of swimming pool water treatment. (Drinking water is currently using this method of disinfection) eight, 11 other: sulfur, bromine, iodine, mercury compounds.
In fact, can be used as a disinfectant chemical substances, but often in the sterilization at the same time, sometimes also affect human health, while some disinfectants with different colors, it can not be used in swimming pool water treatment.
What is worth mentioning here is that where chlorine is used as a swimming pool water treatment disinfectant pool, it may be worth adding trace amounts of bromine, which can improve the bactericidal ability of chlorine. Currently the U.S. military use of dimethyl bis base hydantoin series of disinfectants, there are ?quot;dibromo hydantoin", "bromochlorine hydantoin" products. Because it is still a military product, not much information has been publicly announced in the academic field. But according to its principle, in the laboratory has been able to get the obvious conclusion: bromine can enhance the disinfection effect of chlorine.
nine, expect to achieve a reduction in construction and operating costs, the selection of new building materials
nine, 1 can use new technology to extend the operating life of the equipment is to save the national property.
nine, 1, 1 filter tank of internal corrosion: with red Dan service life of about one year. With epoxy resin service life of about three years. With stainless steel liner service life of about eight years. With vulcanized lining service life of about twenty years (filter tanks within the anti-corrosion vulcanized lining is a patented product of the Southeast Purification Equipment Plant, to be used must obtain the consent of the plant).
Nine, 2 power energy saving
Nine, 2, 1 swimming pool (museum) a large part of the electricity is spent on the operation of the pump in the engine room, the past commonly used horizontal pump noise power consumption is extremely fee. If you can change to vertical pumps, power consumption can save about one-third.
Nine, 3 run, leakage, drip, bubble.
Nine, 3, 1 perennial leakage drip, usually seem insignificant, in fact, is not a small waste of operating costs. Often out of the valve. Valve quality requirements are very high, you must choose a hard product timely replacement.
Ten, lifeguard lounge, rescue room, broadcasting room special requirements
Eleven, all kinds of different pool bleachers, spectators (swimmers) lounge, into the pool, out of the pool entrance and exit access reasonable arrangements
In order to build the pool unit, can make the built pool in line with the pre-take the idea, the least cost, to achieve the best results. Because some people build only one swimming pool in a lifetime, it is impossible to fully consider all aspects.
In order to design units, to familiarize themselves with the main aspects of the construction of swimming pools, is definitely not digging a pit, tied up steel, pounded into the cement, plastered with mosaics is a swimming pool.