Developed countries around the world each established standards:
1996 The UK issued BS8800 Guidelines for Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems 1996 The U.S. Industrial Hygiene Agreement (USIHA) formulated a guiding document for Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems (OSHMS)
1997 1)Australia/New Zealand put forward Principles of Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems, System and Supporting Technology"
2) Japan Industrial Safety and Health Agreement (JISHA) put forward the "Guidelines for Occupational Safety and Health Management System"
3) Det Norske Veritas (DNV) formulated the "Standard for the Certification of Occupational Safety and Health Management System"
1999 The British Standards Institution (BSI), DNV and other 13 organizations put forward the "Guidelines for Occupational Safety and Health Management System"
1996 The British Standards Institution (BSI), DNV and other organizations put forward the "Guidelines for Occupational Safety and Health Management System". 13 organizations put forward the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment (OHSAS) standards, namely OHSAS18001 "Occupational Health and Safety Management System - Specification", OHSAS18002 "Occupational Health and Safety Management System - Guidelines for the Implementation of OHSAS18001". OHSAS18001 Implementation Guide".
October 1999 China's State Economic and Trade Commission issued GB/T28000 "Trial Standard for Occupational Safety and Health Management System" (the content is basically the same as OHSAS18000) ● ISO/TC176 - ISO9000 standard was issued in 1987
● ISO/TC207 - ISO9000 standard was issued in 1987
● ISO/TC207 - ISO9000 standard was issued in 1987
● ISO/TC207 - ISO9000 standard was issued in 1997
. ISO/TC207--ISO14000 issued in 1996
● ISO has been trying to internationalize OSH standards since the mid to late 1990s
▲ A special meeting was held on September 5-6, 1996, where 44 countries, as well as IEC, ILO and other international organizations, including countries and 6 international organizations such as IEC, ILO, WHO, etc. No agreement was reached.
▲In January 1997, another meeting of the Technical Working Committee (TMB) was held, which decided that no international standard on occupational safety and health would be issued for the time being.
Therefore, there is no international standard for occupational safety and health at present, and organizations can choose the corresponding standard for coherence and certification through. 1, the requirements of international trade
All countries in the world need to hope that they can compete at the same cost, developed countries are particularly concerned about the use of cheap child labor in third-world countries, bad production environment, spaced out under the production of low-cost products under the plant, thus making the competition unequal.
2. The need to reduce industrial accidents and occupational diseases
3. Occupational safety and health is mainly a solution to the problem of human rights. I. Industrial accidents
1. 39,099 deaths in industrial and mining enterprises on duty in two years, '95 and '96
2. 15,372 industrial and mining accidents in '98 and 146,660 deaths
2. >Occupational Diseases
Occupational hazards exist in more than 500,000 factories and mines nationwide to varying degrees, and more than 25 million workers are actually exposed to occupational hazards such as dust, poisons and noise. By 1998, the cumulative number of pneumoconiotics nationwide had reached 542,041 (unable to breathe), with a cumulative death toll of 127,147. The number of people exposed to occupational hazards, the cumulative number of occupational disease patients, the number of deaths, and the number of newly discovered patients all ranked first in the world, and the economic losses caused by the disease amounted to nearly 80 billion yuan each year. First, the accident: causing death, occupational disease, injury property damage or other losses of the accident.
Corresponding regulations:
Reporting and Handling of Accidents Involving Enterprise Employees and Casualties issued by the State Council in 1991
Provisions on the Scope of Occupational Diseases and Methods of Handling Occupational Diseases issued in 1987
Measures for the Administration of Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases issued by the Ministry of Health
Second, the hazards: may cause injury to persons, occupational diseases , property damage, operating environment, the root cause or state of destruction.
Can be understood as a source of danger or accident potential, in essence, the existence of energy, hazardous substances and energy, hazardous substances out of control and lead to the accidental release or leakage of hazardous substances, emanating both factors, such as liquefiers, oxygen cylinders.
Categorized by the direct cause of accidents and hazards:
1) Physical
2) Chemical
3) Biological
4) Psychological and subjective
5) Physiological
6) Behavioral
7) Other
Three, hazardous: the possibility and consequences of the occurrence of a hazardous event. The combination of likelihood and consequences.
Likelihood: refers to the ease of causing an accident. Severity: refers to the accident can be organized to bring how much casualties or property damage. If either of these is not present, the hazard is considered to be non-existent. If a place with the possibility of electric shock is inaccessible to personnel it is considered that the hazard does not exist.
Four, hazard identification: identify the existence of hazards and determine the nature of the process.
That is, the identification of sources of danger, identification of the scope of the main plant site, plant layout, buildings, production processes, production equipment, hazardous operations and management facilities, emergency rescue facilities and auxiliary production and living health facilities.
Determine its nature, such as table (mixing down people or fire) to determine whether it is a fire or mixing down people .
V. Incident: an event that causes or may cause an accident.
The occurrence of an incident may cause an accident or may not cause any damage, so that the incident includes accidents. An incident that does not result in occupational disease, death, injury, property damage or other loss may be called "attempted negligence". Incident includes attempted negligence.
VI. Occupational safety and health: conditions and factors affecting the safety and health of employees, temporary workers, contract workers, outsiders and others in the workplace.
Protection of the safety and health of any person entering the workplace. It does not include the protection of other labor rights and remuneration of employees, nor does it include general health care and medical treatment of injuries and illnesses. The workplace is generally described as a place where production activities are organized.
VII. Hazard evaluation (risk assessment): the whole process of evaluating the degree of danger and determining whether there is a tolerable range.
It is for the existence of hazardous sources of the possibility of occurrence of harm and severity of the analysis to determine whether the harm is acceptable.
Likelihood: a mathematical approach is taken, resulting in a composite indicator to achieve. Severity: analyzed through engineering methods. The determination of acceptability needs to be based on relevant knowledge, such as laws, regulations and organizational specifics, and in general, this criterion or threshold value is not static.
VIII. Safety: protection from unacceptable hazards.
After the hazard evaluation, determine the unacceptable risk, then it must take measures to reduce unacceptable hazards to a tolerable level, so that people avoid suffering from unacceptable hazards.
9. Acceptable risk: the organization reduces the risk to an acceptable level in accordance with legal obligations and occupational safety and health.