Good seeding, to ensure that a full seedling, is to ensure that the first part of high yield. Cultivation of seeding to ensure that the main direction of cultivation is to realize the "five seedlings", that is, "early, full, flush, uniform, strong. "Early" is the right time to sow, early emergence; "full" is not lack of seedlings broken, to ensure that the density of the plan; "Qi" is the cotton seed sprouting seedlings neat and consistent; "Uniform" is the uniform distribution of cotton seedlings; "strong" is the cotton seedling growth is robust, rapid root growth, and ultimately realize the cotton early buds and flowers, early boll spitting. Sowing should be done in a good fertilization of soil moisture, the choice of good varieties on the basis of good seed treatment, moisture sowing, sowing, the right amount of sowing, the right amount of deep sowing, drought sowing, and vigorously promote the fluffy coated seed technology and mulching technology.
One, fertilization and soil moisture
An agricultural proverb says "soil is this, fertilizer is strong, water is life", which indicates that cotton sowing before the importance of good fertilization and soil moisture. The general requirement of cotton sowing about 15 days before the timely preparation of fertilizer to create moisture. 6-8 kg per mu of organic fertilizer, three compound fertilizer 100 kg, zinc fertilizer 2-4 kg, boron fertilizer 2 kg, yellow wilt plots to increase the application of potash per acre of potassium sulfate 20-30 kg. Production practice has proved that the increased application of potash, yellow wilt disease incidence rate is significantly lower than that of no potash. After fertilization, timely tillage of the land, to make the ground without dark bumps on the warmth of the solid, flat, no puddles, can drain in time after heavy rain. General low-lying plots form waterlogged, easy to trigger the occurrence of yellow wilt, serious, resulting in cotton wilting and death; leveling plots less severe. After leveling, there are watering conditions, watering in a timely manner to create moisture, to lay a good foundation for sowing.
Two, selecting good varieties
"Science and technology of agriculture, seed first", seed is the most basic means of production, is the first element of cotton production and income. Selection of good varieties, the main three points: one is to choose a good variety for their own planting, according to the county planting varieties in recent years, more suitable for my county planting varieties of Xinfeng 66, Ru Cotton Research 28, Ru Cotton Research 21, Ru Cotton Research 22, in the resistance to 12 and so on. In addition, there are watering conditions of the plot, advocating the promotion of planting insect-resistant hybrid cotton, our county is located in southwest Lu, light and heat resources to meet the growth needs of hybrid cotton, planting hybrid cotton can achieve higher yields, hybrid cotton suitable for planting in our county are LU Cotton Research 15, LU Cotton Research 30 and so on. The second is to choose a high rate of healthy cotton seeds, general hairy seed healthy seed rate should be more than 70%, downy coated light seed healthy seed rate should be more than 80%. In addition, promote the planting of down-coated light seed. Seed down-coating, is to give the cotton seed off the short fluff wrapped in a layer of seed coating agent, seed coating agent contains insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators and other ingredients, coated cotton seed sown to the soil, it can be in the seed around (3 cm) to form a protective barrier, directly kill underground pests and pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and at the same time be absorbed by the root system, the agent will be transmitted to the above ground part of the cotton seedlings in order to kill the main pests and diseases of the seedling period of cotton, on the Seedling pest control has a good effect, the effective period of up to 45-55 days, at the same time can promote early emergence, promote the increase in yield, generally can be about 2 days early emergence, is conducive to the realization of a sowing full seedling, seedling early development, cotton seedling high degree of neatness, high rate of pre-frost flowers, an average of 7-10% increase in yields, and at the same time, fluffing coating so that the cotton seed pellet granulation The seeding can be mechanized, and the use of seeding cradles for seeding can speed up the progress of seeding and improve the quality of seeding. But the coated seed sowing absolutely can not be soaked, while sowing the remaining seeds to be buried deep underground, to prevent poisoning of humans and animals. Third, when buying seeds, to the regular seed stores to buy, to look at the description, the purchase of seed invoices, in order to have problems when the claim.
Three, seed treatment
1, sun seed. Generally 15 days before sowing sun seed. Sun seed, can break the dormant state of cotton seeds, effectively kill cotton seed epidermal germs, reduce seedling diseases, promote seed maturation, enhance seed water absorption and seed coat permeability, improve seed germination rate and germination potential, promote seed germination of seedlings. Hairy seeds should be exposed to sunlight under strong weather conditions for 3-5 days, 5-6 hours a day, generally spreading the thickness of not more than 10 cm, turning 3-4 times a day to ensure that the sun evenly sunshine through. Downy coated seeds, to dry in low light weather conditions for about 1 day. When drying seeds, pay special attention not to stone slabs, cement floors or plastic film on the sunshine seeds, in order to avoid high temperature burns cotton seeds, affecting the seed germination rate.
2, seed dipping. Warm soup seed soaking is the traditional woolen seed treatment method that has been used in our country, its main role is to promote seed germination seedlings, especially in the soil moisture conditions are poor, conducive to the realization of a sowing full seedling. Downy coated seeds can not be soaked. Shandong Agricultural University test proved that warm soup seed soaking generally does not have the role of reducing seedling diseases, but if the soaking time is too long, resulting in too much nutrient outflow from the seed, may aggravate the occurrence of seedling diseases. Therefore, the key to seed soaking is to master the seed water absorption should not be too much, generally up to 60% -70% of the weight of the seed itself air-dried, seed coat soft, cotyledon delamination is appropriate. Soak the seeds for a long time, depending on the water temperature, 18-20 ℃ conditions, soak the seeds for 12-16 hours, fishing out the dry control for pharmaceutical seed mixing. No need to emphasize the warm soup seed dipping. Do not advocate germination.
3, the agent seed mixing. Seed dressing, can kill the germs carried by the seed and the germs in the soil around the sowing to improve the seedling rate, prevention and control of seedling diseases, with the use of insecticides seed dressing, can also reduce the harm of the seedling pests. Seed dressing agents, containing a certain amount of fungicides, insecticides and appropriate amount of plant growth regulators, etc.. Commonly used agents and treatments are: according to 20 pounds of dry cotton seed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 50 grams plus 50% fumonisin wettable powder 30 grams of seed mixing; or with 40% mixing double wettable powder 125 grams of seed mixing.
Four, enough moisture sowing
Because the cotton seed sprouting seedlings on moisture, temperature and oxygen conditions require strict, especially moisture. I county cotton area winter rain and snow is scarce, soil moisture is perennial impact on the limiting factors of the emergence of seedlings. Therefore, there are watering conditions, before sowing must be timely moisture, generally require no later than about 15 days before sowing watering to ensure that the ground temperature rises in time, does not affect the sowing. No watering conditions, to use water seed packet drought seeding method or mulch cover.
Five, timely sowing
Temperature is an important basis for determining the sowing period. Generally in 5 cm ground temperature 5 days stable through 14 ℃, is the cotton sowing period. According to China's climatic conditions, cotton suitable sowing period is mid-April. But in recent years, due to the impact of the inverted spring cold, this period is often rainy weather, low temperatures and wet soil, often resulting in the occurrence of heavy cotton seedling disease, the death of seedlings is serious, not conducive to preserving the whole seedling. Generally from the end of the frost period to consider, master the "cold tail warm head" to seize the time to sow. In recent years, with the intensification of the greenhouse effect, the frost-free period lengthened, the general frost period is delayed to early November, so it can be appropriate to sow a few days later, in favor of preserving the whole seedling.
Six, the right amount of seeding
Seeding should be based on the way of sowing, the germination rate of high and low, the density of seedling retention and soil moisture conditions. Strip sowing, 10-12 kilograms of seed per acre of gross seed. Spot sowing or hole sowing, hairy seeds 3-5 seeds per hole, 5-7 pounds of seed per acre; down-coated seeds 2-3 seeds per hole, 3-4 pounds of seed per acre. The amount of seed sowing can not be too large, otherwise, both waste of seed, after the emergence of seedlings and easy to form a high foot weak seedlings, disease occurrence heavy.
Seven, suitable for sowing depth
General sowing depth of 3-4 cm is appropriate. After sowing timely mulch and appropriate compression.
Eight, drought seeding
Dongping County, spring is generally often drought, no moisture conditions in the cotton field to implement drought seeding, generally using the "water seed package package" method. Technical points are: according to the requirements of row spacing to open a shallow ditch, ditch depth of 2.5-3 centimeters; even slip water, the amount of water to connect to the bottom of the moisture appropriate; water seepage, according to the requirements of the plant spacing sowing; and then mulch up the ridge to the wet soil in the bottom, dry soil on the top, and moderate suppression, the ridge height of 3-5 centimeters, the ridge width of 10-13 centimeters; To be 70% of the cotton seeds rooted, in time to break the ridge to mulch, a raking flat put finished.
Nine, film cover
Spring temperature is slow to rise, the temperature is not stable is to limit the cotton a sowing full seedlings, promote the early development of the important factors. Mulch cover has heat preservation and warming effect, at the same time has the role of moisture preservation and moisture, can ensure that the cotton a sowing full seedlings, strong early development. Mulching cotton according to the sowing and covering procedures, can be divided into the first sowing after covering and first covering after sowing. Generally used first after sowing cover, cover the film, the film should be in close contact with the ground, the edge of the film to try to press vertically into the ditch, into the soil depth of not less than 5 cm, at the same time after covering the film in the film pressure, generally every 3-5 meters to press a bunch of wet soil, in order to prevent gusts of wind blowing uncovering the film, or film up and down incitement to harm the cotton seedling.