The real infrared night vision is photomultiplier tube imaging, and the principle of the telescope is completely different, can not be used during the day, expensive and need power to work.
Physical properties of infrared light
In the spectrum of wavelengths from 0.76 to 400 microns of a section called infrared, infrared is invisible light. All substances above absolute zero (-273°C) can produce infrared rays. Modern physics calls them heat rays. Medical infrared can be divided into two categories: near-infrared and far-infrared.
Near-infrared or short-wave infrared, wavelength 0.76 ~ 1.5 microns, penetrate into the human body tissue is deeper, about 5 ~ 10 mm; far-infrared or long-wave infrared, wavelength 1.5 ~ 400 microns, more than absorbed by the surface skin, the depth of penetration of the tissue is less than 2 mm.
Physiological and therapeutic effects of infrared rays
Reflection and absorption of infrared rays
After infrared radiation is irradiated on the body surface, part of it is reflected, and the other part is absorbed by the skin. The degree of skin reflection of infrared radiation is related to the condition of pigmentation, with a wavelength of 0.9 microns of infrared radiation, no pigmentation of the skin to reflect about 60% of its energy; and there is pigmentation of the skin to reflect about 40% of its energy. Long-wave infrared (wavelength 1.5 microns or more) irradiation, the vast majority of the reflected and absorbed by the superficial skin tissues, the depth of penetration of the skin is only up to 0.05 ~ 2 mm, and thus can only act on the skin's surface tissues; short-wave infrared (wavelength of 1.5 microns or less) as well as the red light of the near infrared part of the deepest infrared into the tissues, the depth of penetration of up to 10 millimeters, and can be directly effected by blood vessels in the skin, The infrared rays penetrate deepest into the tissues, penetrating up to 10 millimeters, and can directly affect the skin's blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerve endings and other subcutaneous tissues.
Infrared erythema
Infrared erythema can appear when sufficient intensity of infrared radiation is irradiated to the skin, and the erythema disappears soon after irradiation is stopped. Large doses of infrared light irradiation of the skin for many times, can produce brown marble-like pigmentation, which is related to the thermal effect of strengthening the vascular wall basal cell layer in the melanocyte pigment formation.
The therapeutic effect of infrared rays
The therapeutic effect of infrared rays is based on the warming effect. Under infrared irradiation, the tissue temperature rises, capillary expansion, blood flow accelerates, material metabolism is enhanced, and the vitality and regenerative capacity of tissue cells increases. When infrared light treats chronic inflammation, it improves blood circulation, increases the phagocytosis of cells, eliminates swelling and promotes the dissipation of inflammation. Infrared rays can reduce the excitability of the nervous system, have analgesic, relieve the spasm of the transverse and smooth muscles as well as promote the recovery of nerve function. In the treatment of chronic infected wounds and chronic ulcers, it improves tissue nutrition, eliminates granulomatous edema, promotes granulomatous growth and accelerates wound healing. Infrared irradiation has the effect of reducing the exudation of burn wounds. Infrared light is also often used in the treatment of sprains and contusions, to promote tissue swelling and hematoma dissipation as well as reduce postoperative adhesions, promote scar softening, reduce scar contracture.
Infrared light on the role of the eye
As the eye contains more liquid, the infrared absorption is strong, and thus a certain intensity of infrared light directly irradiation of the eye can cause cataracts. The production of cataracts is related to the role of short-wave infrared; infrared wavelengths greater than 1.5 microns do not cause cataracts.
The role of the light bath on the body
The role of the light bath factors are infrared rays, visible light and hot air. Light bath can make a larger area, even the whole body sweating, thus reducing the burden on the kidneys, and can improve the blood circulation of the kidneys, which is conducive to the recovery of kidney function. Light bath action can increase hemoglobin, red blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mild nuclear left shift; strengthen immunity. Localized baths improve the blood supply and nutrition of nerves and muscles, thus promoting the return of their function to normal. Whole-body light bath can significantly affect the metabolic processes in the body and increase the burden of systemic thermal regulation; it also has a certain effect on the vegetative nervous system and cardiovascular system.
Equipment and therapeutic methods
Infrared light source
1, infrared emitter
The resistance wire wrapped around the porcelain rod, after power on the resistance wire to generate heat, so that the cover in the resistance wire outside of the carbon rod temperature (generally not more than 500 ℃), the emission of long-wave infrared radiation is mainly.
Infrared radiators have two types of standing and portable. Standing infrared emitter power up to 600 ~ 1000 watts or more.
In recent years, some areas of China made far-infrared radiators for medical use, for example, with high silica oxygen as a component, made of far-infrared radiators.
2, incandescent
In the medical treatment of a variety of different power incandescent bulbs are widely used as infrared light source. The tungsten filament inside the bulb can reach a temperature of 2000 ~ 2500 ℃ after energized.
Incandescent lamps are used in phototherapy in the following forms:
Floor-standing incandescent lamps: incandescent bulbs with a power of 250-1000W, in the reflector installed between a metal mesh, for protection. Ground-based incandescent lamps, usually called sun lamps.
Portable incandescent lamps: with less power (more than 200W or less) incandescent bulbs, installed in a small reflector, the reflector is fixed in a small bracket.
3, light bath device
Can be localized or whole body irradiation with two kinds. According to the different sizes of the light bath box, installed in the box 40 ~ 60W bulb 6 ~ 30. Light bath box is semicircular, the fixed bulb part of the box can add a small metal reflector. Whole body light bath box should be attached to the thermometer, in order to observe the temperature inside the box, adjusted at any time.
Infrared treatment method
1, the patient to take the appropriate position, bare irradiation site.
2, check the irradiation site on the warm feeling is normal.
3, the lamp will be moved to the irradiation part of the upper or lateral, the distance is generally as follows:
Power 500W or more, the lamp distance should be more than 50 ~ 60cm; power 250 ~ 300W, the lamp distance in the 30 ~ 40cm; power 200W or less, the lamp distance in the 20cm or so.
4, the application of local or whole-body light bath, light bath box needs to be covered with a cloth sheet at both ends. Three to five minutes after the power on, the patient should be asked whether the warmth is appropriate; the temperature in the light bath box should be maintained at 40 to 50 ℃.
5, each irradiation 15 ~ 30 minutes, 1 ~ 2 times a day, 15 ~ 20 times for a course of treatment.
6. At the end of the treatment, dry the sweat on the irradiated area, and the patient should rest indoors for 10 to 15 minutes before going out.
[Attachment] Precautions
(1) The patient should not move the position during treatment to prevent burns.
(2) If you feel overheating, panic, dizziness and other reactions during the irradiation process, you need to inform the staff immediately.
(3) When the irradiation part is close to the eyes or the light can be shot to the eyes, the eyes should be covered with gauze.
(4) The affected area has warmth and heat sensation disorder or irradiation of the fresh scar site, implantation site, the application of small doses, and closely observe the local reaction to avoid burns.
(5) blood circulation obstacle parts, more obvious capillaries or vasodilatation parts generally do not use infrared irradiation.
Selection of irradiation mode and irradiation dose
1, the choice of different irradiation
Infrared irradiation is mainly used for local treatment, in individual cases, such as pediatric whole-body ultraviolet irradiation can also be used with the application of infrared radiation to do whole-body irradiation. Local irradiation, such as the need for deeper thermal effects, the priority choice of incandescent lamps (i.e., sun lamps). Treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis can be localized light bath; treatment of multiple peripheral neuritis can be used whole body light bath.
2, irradiation dose
Decide the size of the infrared therapy dose, mainly based on the characteristics of the lesion, site, patient age and the functional status of the body. Infrared radiation when the patient has a comfortable warm feeling, the skin can appear light red uniform erythema, such as the appearance of marble-like erythema is overheating performance. The skin temperature should not exceed 45℃, otherwise it can cause burns.
Main indications and contraindications
(I) Indications
Rheumatoid arthritis, chronic bronchitis, pleurisy, chronic gastritis, chronic enteritis, radiculitis, neuritis, polypoidal peripheral neuritis, spasmodic paralysis, flaccid paralysis, peripheral nerve trauma, soft-tissue trauma, chronic wounds, frostbite, burns, decubitus ulcers, chronic lymph node inflammation. Chronic phlebitis, post-injection sclerosis, postoperative adhesions, scar contracture, postpartum lack of milk, nipple fissure, vulvodynia, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, eczema, neurodermatitis, skin ulcers and so on.
(2) Contraindications
Bleeding tendency, high fever, active tuberculosis, severe arteriosclerosis, occlusive vasculitis, etc.
[Attachment] Examples of prescriptions
(1) Infrared irradiation of both knee joints: lamp distance 40cm, 30 minutes, once a day, 7 times. Indications: chronic rheumatoid arthritis
(2) Infrared irradiation of the right side of the chest (lower half) lamp distance 50cm, 20 minutes, once a day, 8 times. Indications: right-sided dry pleurisy
(3) Sun lamp irradiation of the lumbosacral region: lamp distance 40cm, 20-30 minutes, once a day, 6 times. Indications: lumbosacral radiculitis
(4) Whole-body light bath: box temperature of 40 to 45 ℃, 20 to 30 minutes, once a day, 8 times. Indications: multiple peripheral neuritis
(5) localized light bath of the left calf: 20 to 30 minutes, once a day, 8 times. Indications: trauma to the left common peroneal nerve
Infrared pollution
Infrared rays have been increasingly used in recent years in the military, artificial satellites, and in industry, health, scientific research, etc., and thus the problem of infrared pollution has arisen. Infrared is a kind of thermal radiation, the human body can cause high-temperature damage. Stronger infrared rays can cause skin injuries similar to scalds, initially burning and then causing burns. Infrared damage to the eye has several different situations, the wavelength of 7500 ~ 13000 ? of infrared light on the cornea of the cornea of the higher transmittance rate, can cause damage to the retina of the fundus of the eye. Especially near 11000 ? infrared, can make the front of the eye medium (corneal crystal, etc.) is not damaged and directly caused by the fundus retinal burns. Infrared rays with a wavelength of 19,000? or more are almost completely absorbed by the cornea, causing corneal burns (clouding, white spots). Infrared wavelengths greater than 14,000 ?, most of the energy is absorbed by the cornea and intraocular fluid, not through the iris. Only infrared rays below 13,000 angstroms can penetrate the iris and cause iris damage. Long-term exposure of the human eye to infrared light may cause cataracts.
Infrared rays can be created artificially and are widely present in nature, and can be generated during the welding process, jeopardizing the health of the welder's eyes; general living things radiate infrared rays, and the macroscopic effect of the radiation is heat.
We know that the cause of heat, is composed of particles of matter to do irregular movement. This motion also radiates electromagnetic waves, which are mostly infrared.
1, it is true that the sunlight is almost gone at night, but the earth's matter will radiate infrared, some strong and some calm. Infrared photography is through the reception of infrared rays emitted by a variety of substances, and then show them, but not by itself by emitting infrared rays to take pictures.
2, infrared perspective and night vision is the use of infrared light of different properties. The previous night vision because the human eye can not see infrared light, while the special design of the camera and night vision device is specialized in accepting infrared light, so there will be we feel a dark, while the camera can shoot things, because in fact, everywhere is infrared light, for infrared camera and night vision device is a bright.
Transparency, on the other hand, utilizes infrared light, which has a longer wavelength than visible light, to pass through fabrics (such as cotton blends and nylons) that visible light can't pass through, and so with some selective filtering, you can get an image of what's behind those fabrics.