PS belongs to bitmap editing software and cannot output vector graphics, however, there are tools for vector graphics in PS.
Text function. Text belongs to the vector tool in PS, and the font size of infinitely enlarged text is equally clear in the document when the text is not rasterized before.
Custom Shape. The Custom Shape tool is also a vector graphic, and it's just as clear as any shape you make as big as you want it to be.
Through the various shapes you make, you can define it as a vector by editing - Define Pattern, thus defining the tool as a vector.