Drowning prevention safety knowledge, self-rescue and first aid. What should you do if you find someone is drowning?
Emergency Guide:
1. When someone is found drowning, they should be rescued from the water in time. However, if the rescuer does not know how to rescue in the water and does not understand the water conditions at the scene, he should not enter the water easily. , make full use of on-site equipment, such as ropes, poles, wood, lifebuoys and other facilities to rescue people.
2. Place the drowning person flat on the ground, quickly pry open his or her mouth, and remove foreign matter in his or her throat and nose, such as mud, weeds, etc., to keep his respiratory tract open.
3. When the drowning person's breathing stops or is extremely weak, artificial respiration should be implemented immediately, and chest heart compression should be performed if necessary.
Warm reminder:
1. Because breathing and heartbeat may stop again after a short period of recovery, do not give up artificial respiration and persist until professional rescuers arrive.
2. Minors should not go into the water to rescue people. They should shout for help and wait for adults to come to rescue, or they can call the police for help.
3. For your safety, be sure to go to a place with life-saving equipment and personnel when swimming to avoid accidents.
1. Self-rescue:
1. If you accidentally fall into the water and there is no one nearby to help you, you should first stay calm and never kick around with your hands and feet. This will only It can cause physical exhaustion prematurely and the body to sink faster. The correct self-rescue method is: hold your breath immediately after falling into the water, kick off your shoes, and then relax your limbs and wait for the surface to surface. Because the lungs are like a large bag, the specific gravity of a person after holding your breath is lighter than that of water, so the human body passes through a period of time in the water. Falling behind will automatically rise. When you feel yourself starting to float, stay in a supine position as much as possible and tilt your head back. As long as you don't struggle randomly, the human body will not lose balance in the water. This way your mouth and nose will be the first to surface so you can breathe and call for help. When breathing, try to inhale through your mouth and exhale through your nose to prevent choking on water.
As long as you can keep your mouth and nose slightly above the water to breathe and call for help, wait for the rescuers to arrive with a calm attitude. Never try to put your entire head out of the water. This will be a fatal mistake, because it is impossible for people who cannot swim to put their heads out of the water. This inevitable failure will make the person who falls into the water even more dangerous. Nervous and passive, thus making the entire self-rescuer fall short. When a rescuer appears, as long as the drowning person still has reason, he must not panic and grab the rescuer's hands, legs, waist, etc. He must obey the rescuer's instructions and let him swim ashore with you. Otherwise, not only will you not be rescued, but the life of the rescuer will be affected.
2. For people who can swim, drowning is mostly caused by accidents, and cramps in the hands and feet are the most common. Mainly due to insufficient preparation before entering the water, cold water temperature or excessive fatigue from swimming for a long time. When you have calf cramps, you will feel a sudden spasmodic pain in your calf. At this time, you can switch to the backstroke position. First, use one hand to grab the affected big toe and stretch it in the dorsiflexion direction, and then massage the affected calf to relieve the pain. , if the wrist muscles spasm, you can flex and extend your fingers up and down, and use the other hand to massage. If you feel exhausted after swimming for a long time, you can switch to backstroke. Gently stroke with your hands and feet to make your mouth and nose float easily on the water. Adjust your breathing and relax your whole body. After a short rest, swim to the shore or float on the water. Waiting for rescue. On the contrary, panic causes the tension in the muscles around the body to be exhausted prematurely and drowning occurs. When swimming in a lake, because you are not familiar with the water conditions and if aquatic plants bind your feet, you can take a deep breath and dive into the water to quickly free the aquatic plants from binding your feet, then go back the way you came, and do not go deeper. When swimming in rivers, you sometimes encounter huge whirlpools. At this time, you should swim away from the center of the whirlpool in the tangential direction as quickly as possible, and you must not take an upright treading position to prevent being sucked underwater by the powerful whirlpool. In the event of being swept underwater, you should take a deep breath before entering the water and try to swim underwater. At this time, your tenacious life-saving awareness is your only hope for rescue.
2. Rescue the person who fell into the water:
1. Rescue in the water:
For the person who has lost consciousness and fell into the water, if possible, you can swim over and bring him to his side. Go up and rescue to the shore; but be careful if the current is too strong. If the water is deep, find a boat to rescue the person in the water. If there is no boat around at this time, only you with good swimming skills can swim over and rescue it face up to the shore.
For those who are conscious and fall into the water, use sticks, paddles, ropes, towels or nearby boats to rescue them ashore. Never use your hands to pull a person who has fallen into the water directly. Unless you are a good swimmer, otherwise, the person who has fallen into the water will drag you into the water and hold you tight. In this case, both people are in danger of losing their lives. Only go to the water to rescue if you are trained in water rescue.
After a drowning person is rescued ashore, timely and effective on-site first aid (see details below) is crucial to saving his life.
2. Ice rescue
For the unconscious person who fell into the water, if you cannot directly hold the person who fell into the water, you can tie a rope to the tree and tie it around the waist. Go up, then lie on the ice and move forward to pick up the person who fell into the water and rescue him. In addition, several people can pull each other to rescue, and the direct rescuer should lie down on the ice. Be careful to stay away from the ice break as much as possible.
To a conscious drowning person. He should be told to hold on to the edge of the ice and float there, without trying to climb up, and then use a stick, rope, ladder or a team of several people to rescue him ashore.
3. On-site first aid for drowning
Whether submerged in freshwater rivers or seawater, the cause of death from drowning is suffocation caused by water pouring into the respiratory tract. For on-site rescue, the principle is the same, which is to restore breathing and heartbeat as soon as possible.
After the sick child is rescued from the water, untie the neck collar and take a prone position, with the abdomen elevated or placed horizontally on the rescuer's bent knees, and the head drooped and turned sideways. The rescuer presses his back with his hands and pours water quickly, which can also play a role in artificial respiration. At the same time, another person should dig out the sediment and dirt in the drowned child's mouth and nose, and pull out the tongue. After pouring out the water, lie on your back and perform mouth-to-mouth breathing. This should last for 2 to 3 hours and must not be interrupted. If the heart stops at the same time, chest cardiac compressions are also required for rescue. After the sick child wakes up, give him some ginger syrup or strong tea. Generally, drowning children may develop severe pulmonary edema and pneumonia within 15 minutes to 4 days after waking up, so they still need to be sent to the hospital.
After the initial rescue at the scene, the patient should be quickly transferred to a nearby hospital. Even if the breathing and heartbeat have recovered during the transfer, artificial respiration and cardiac compression should not be interrupted.
First of all, you should stay calm and never kick around with your hands and feet. This can reduce the entanglement of water plants and save energy. The correct self-rescue method is to hold your breath immediately after falling into the water, then relax your limbs, stay in a supine position as much as possible, and tilt your head back. As long as you don't struggle randomly, the human body will not lose balance in the water. This way your mouth and nose will be the first to surface so you can breathe and call for help. When breathing, try to inhale through your mouth and exhale through your nose to prevent choking on water. If you feel exhausted after swimming for a long time, you can switch to backstroke. Gently paddling with your hands and feet can make your mouth and nose float easily on the water. On-site first aid
(1) Self-rescue for those who cannot swim
(1) Don’t panic after falling into the water, be sure to keep a clear head. (2) Calmly tilt your head back, mouth upward, and expose your mouth and nose to the water, then you can breathe. (3) Breathing should be shallow, inhalation should be deep, and try to keep the body floating on the water to wait for rescue by others. (4) Remember: Never raise your hands or struggle desperately, because this will easily make people sink.
(2) Self-rescue for swimmers
(1) Drowning is usually caused by spasm of the calf gastrocnemius muscle. You should be calm and call for help in time. (2) Hug your body into a ball and float to the surface.
(3) Take a deep breath, immerse your face in the water, and pull the thumb of the spasmed (cramped) lower limb forward and upward, so that the thumb is raised, and continue to exert force until the severe pain disappears and the cramp naturally stops. (4) After an attack, the same part may cramp again, so the painful area should be fully massaged and slowly swim to shore. It is best to massage and apply heat to the affected area after landing. (5) If your wrist muscles are cramped, you can bend and extend your fingers up and down, and swim on your back with two feet.
(3) Mutual rescue
(1) The rescuer should be calm, take off his clothes and pants as much as possible, especially his shoes, and swim quickly to the vicinity of the drowning person. (2) For an exhausted drowning person, rescuers can approach from the head. (3) For a conscious drowning person, the rescuer should approach from behind, hold the drowning person's head and neck from behind with one hand, and grab the drowning person's arm with the other hand and swim to the shore. (4) If the rescuer is not skilled in swimming, it is best to carry a lifebuoy, a wooden plank or use a boat to rescue, or drop a rope, bamboo pole, etc. so that the drowning person can hold it and then drag it ashore. (5) Pay attention when rescuing to prevent the drowning person from clinging to him and causing danger to both parties. If you are hugged, do not drag each other, let go and sink, let the drowning person loosen his hands, and then rescue.
(4) Medical or on-site first aid by the first witness
(1) The first witness immediately calls 120 or the emergency number of the nearby hospital to request medical first aid after discovering the drowning person; ( 2) After the first witness or emergency medical personnel arrives at the scene, first rescue the drowning person ashore; (3) Immediately remove mud, weeds, vomit, etc. from the mouth and nose of the drowning person, open the airway, and provide oxygen. (4) Carry out water control treatment (pouring water), that is, quickly place the patient on the rescuer's flexed thighs with the head down, and then press the back to force the water sucked into the respiratory tract and chest to flow out. The time should not be too long (1 minutes is enough). (5) Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on site, move the patient to an ambulance as soon as possible, and quickly transfer the patient to a nearby hospital. As a rescuer, you must remember: For all drowning victims, regardless of the situation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation must be continued from the moment of discovery. Adjust your breathing, relax your whole body, take a short rest, and then swim to the shore or float on the water to wait for rescue.